Ehara a Feldspar i te kohuke kotahi anake, engari he rōpū nui o ngā tectosilicates hanga toka e neke atu i te 60% o te kirinuku o te whenua, hei turanga puku mō ngā maunga me ngā mānia e haere nei tātou. Ko tēnei whānau kohuke kanorau—mai i te Potassium Feldspar noa ki te Labradorite whiti—ka puta i te whakamātao me te whakakōpūtanga o te magma rewa, te lava rānei, ki reira ngā pāmahana motuhake me ngā taiao matū e whakatau ana i tōna hanganga karaihe whakamutunga. I roto i te hītori, ko te hiranga o te feldspar i timata mai i ngā rautau; ko tōna ingoa i ahu mai i ngā kupu Tiamana Feld (pārae) me Spath (he toka kāore he kōhuke), e whakaatu ana i tōna noho taiao ki te whenua. Mai i te wāhi nui i roto i ngā pania uku tawhito ki tōna tūranga hou i roto i te hanga karaihe tiketike me ngā kohatu whakapaipai, ko te hītori o te feldspar he pūrātaki o te whanaketanga ahumahi tangata i whakaatahia i roto i te whenua ake o tō tātou ao.
Aratohu Whānui mō ngā Momo Ferepāra
Te Raupapa Parata Pāhare
Ko ngā pākeho alkali ka tautuhia e ngā ōwehenga rerekē o te Pōtākiuma (K) me te Konutai (Na). Ka kitea ēnei i ngā wā maha i roto i ngā toka “waikawa” pēnei i te kāriki.
Orthoclase
Ko te Orthoclase he wāhanga nui o te kirinuku o Earth’s, he kai matua hoki i roto i te granite, e whakawhiti ana i te kōwhatu ki te tae māwhero, ki te hina rānei. He tohu mō te 6 i te tauine mārō o Mohs. Ko te kohuke e tohua ana e ngā rerenga whakahāngai e rua e hui ana i te koki 90-degree, ko te takenga mai o tōna ingoa.
Sanidine
Ko te sanidine he momo pākaru pāhare pāporo i te wera nui e puta ana hei tioata mārama, rite-karaihe i roto i ngā toka puia. Nā te mea ka hanga i te wā o te whakamataotao tere, ka mau tonu tōna hāngai ā-roto hautūtū e wehewehe ana i a ia i ētahi atu pākaru pāporo. E 6 tōna pakeke i runga i te tauine Mohs, ā, e whakaatu ana i te whatinga 90-tohu rite ki te rōpū. Ahakoa he korekore te tae, he mā rānei, ka kitea pea i roto i ngā ātārangi o te hina, te kōwhai māmā rānei, i runga anō i ngā parakino iti. Ka whakamahia nuitia e ngā tohunga whenua ki te whai i te hītori whakamataotao o ngā pahūtanga puia.
Microcline
Ko te Microcline he pounamu pāhare o te pāhare pāhare e hanga ana i roto i ngā toka ahi hōhonu pēnei i te kirīni me te pēkāmati. He ōrite te matū ki te orthoclase engari he anga karaihe triclinic e tupu ana i te whakamātao tino pōturi. Ka puta mai i ngā ātanga o te mā, te hina, te māwhero-hāmana rānei, ā, e 6 te pakeke i te tauine Mohs. Ko tētahi momo kākāriki kanapa ki te kākāriki-pūrū e mōhiotia ana ko amazonite. Ka tautohu ngā kaimātai whenua i te microcline i raro i te karu whakanui mā te tauira whakahirahira “gridiron” rānei “tartan” taapiri.
Anorthoclase
Ko te anorthoclase he feldspar e whai nui ana i te konutai, e hono ana i te raupapa kawakawa me te raupapa plagioclase. Ka kitea tēnei i roto i ngā toka puia e nui ana te konutai, ā, e pūmau ana anake i ngā pāmahana tiketike. Ko te tikanga, he tae kore, he mā, he hina rānei ngā tioata, ā, he 6 te pakeke i te takawē o Mohs. He rerekē ki te orthoclase, no te pūnaha tioata takitoru te anorthoclase, ahakoa e mau tonu ana te koki wehenga 90 tohu. I raro i te karaihe, e mōhiotia ana mō tētahi tauira whiriwhiri tino pai, he rite ki te microcline engari he iti ake te whānuitanga.
Adularia
Ko te Adularia he momo pāhare pākūriki māmā e hanga ana i ngā wāhi wera kūare me ngā kōpira pukepuke. E whakaatuhia ana e tōna āhua korekore ki te mā, ā, he maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i ngā āhua karaihe pseudo-orthorhombic. Ahakoa he rite tōna hanganga matū ki te orthoclase, ko tōna hanganga i ngā taiao mātao ake ka puta mai he āhua karaihe motuhake. He 6 tōna pakeke, he kanapa karaihe. Ki te whai te Adularia i ngā paparanga ā-roto angiangi e marara ana i te marama, ka puta te āhua kōrito e kitea ana i te kōhatu marama.
Te Rārangi Tāpora Whākīanga
Ko tēnei raupapa he whakaurunga totoka tonu i waenga i te Sodium (Na) me te Calcium (Ca). Ka wehewehe ngā kaimātai whenua i tēnei raupapa ki ngā kohuke motuhake e ono i runga i te ōrau Anorthite (An) o aua kohuke:
Albite (An 0%–10%)
Ko te Albite te mema whakamutunga e whai kiko ana i te konutai o te raupapa plagioclase, ā, he mea noa ki ngā kirikiri me ngā pegmatite. He mā, he kore tae rānei te nuinga, koia te takenga o tōna ingoa, i ahu mai i te kupu Latin mō te mā. E 6 te pakeke o te kōhuke i te tauine Mohs, ā, e whakaatu ana i te wehenga 90-tohu o te rōpū feldspar. He maha ngā wā ka puta hei tioata angiangi, papatahi i roto i tētahi momo e kīia nei ko te cleavelandite. I roto i ngā taiao āraiwhenua maha, ka puta te albite hei papa ātaahua i roto i ētahi atu feldspar, e whai wāhi ana ki ngā āhuatanga whatu maha.
Oligokarā (An 10%–30%)
Ko te Oligoclase he mema o te raupapa plagioclase e 10% ki te 30% te konupūmā. He kaiwaiata noa i roto i ngā toka ahi pērā i te granite me te syenite, tae atu ki ngā momo toka whakarerekē. Ko te kohuke nei he mā, he kiwikiwi, he kore tae rānei, e 6 te pakeke i te tauine Mohs. Kei ētahi tauira he iti noa iho te hematite, te goethite rānei e whakaata ana i te marama, e puta ai te hīkoi kanapa e mōhiotia ana ko te sunstone. Ka wehewehea i ētahi atu kohuke plagioclase mā te tātai matū, mā ngā whakamātautau whatu motuhake rānei i raro i te karu whakatupu.
Andesini (An 30%–50%)
Ko te Andesine he parakiokere plagioclase e 30% ki te 50% te konupūmā kei roto. Ka kitea nuitia i roto i ngā toka puia takawaenga, pērā i te andesite, ā, he mea noa i ngā pae maunga o te Andes. Ko te āhua o te kōhatu nei he tioata mā, hina rānei, engari ka taea hoki te kore tae, e 6 te pakeke i te tauine Mohs. Ahakoa he kōhatu hanga toka noa, ko ētahi tauira mārama ka whakamahia hei kōhatu whakapaipai. Ka tautuhia e tōna ōwehenga matū motuhake o te konutai ki te konupūmā i roto i te raupapa whakarewa mārō.
Labradorite (An 50%–70%)
Ko te Labradorite he pākākā plagioclase kei waenganui i te 50% me te 70% o te konupūmā. Ka kitea nuitia i roto i ngā toka ahi māfika pērā i te gabbro me te basalt. He hinauri ki te pango te tae o te kōhuke, e 6 tōna pakeke i runga i te tauine Mohs. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō tētahi āhuatanga whatu e kīia nei ko te labradorescence, e whakaata ana te mārama i ngā paparanga o roto hei hua konganuku kikorangi, kākāriki, koura, tae atu rānei ki te waiporoporo. Ahakoa he kōhuke hanga-toka matua, ko ēnei momo kōrakorako ka whakamahia nuitia mō ngā mahi whakapaipai me te whakakai.
Bytownite (An 70%–90%)
Ko te Bytownite he mema onge o te raupapa plagioclase e 70% ki te 90% te konupūmā kei roto. Ka puta i roto i ngā toka ahi kakā, makatea, pērā i te gabbro, ā, ka kitea i ētahi wā i roto i ngā meteorite. He hina, he mā, he kore tae rānei te kohuke nei, ā, pērā i ērā atu feldspars, e 6 tōna pakeke i runga i te tauine Mohs. Ahakoa ko te nuinga o te wā he kirikiri iti kei roto i ngā hanganga toka, ka taea e ia i ētahi wā te whakaputa karaihe mārama. Kei waenganui matū i te labradorite me te anorthite, e tohu ana i te nekehanga ki te pito konupūmā parakore.e hanga karaihe mārama ki te mārama-whiti i roto i ngā toka ahi taketake.
Ko te Anorthite te mema whakamutunga o te raupapa plagioclase e whairawa ana i te konupūmā, e mau ana i waenga i te 90% me te 100% konupūmā. He wāhanga matua ia o ngā toka ahi mafic, pērā i te basalt me te gabbro, ā, e kitea ana hoki i ngā toka o te marama me ngā meteorite. Ko te kohuke he mā, he hina, he kore tae rānei, he kanapa karaihe, ā, e 6 tōna pakeke i te tauine Mohs. Nā te mea kāore e ū ki te mata o te whenua i raro i ngā āhuatanga huarere, he iti ake te whānuitanga ki ngā taiao parataiao i ngā feldspar whairawa konutai. Ka tohua e tōna ira whakarewa teitei me tōna hanganga matū motuhake i te rohe o te otinga totoka plagioclase.
Ngā Pākāria Barium Onge
I roto i ngā āhuatanga ārai whenua onge, ka whakakapi te Barium (Ba) mō te konupūmā i roto i te whāriki tioata.
Celsian
Ko Celsian te mema barium ongea o te roopu feldspar. Ka kitea te nuinga i roto i nga toka whakarerekē whakapā me nga putunga kohuke motuhake e whai rawa ana i te barium. He kore tae, he ma, he kōwhai rānei te ahua o te kohuke, he kanapa karaihe, he 6 te pakeke i te tauine Mohs. Ki te hanganga, ko te taurite barium o te anorthite, no te pūnaha tioata monoclinic. Ahakoa he onge te celsian i roto i te kirinuku o Papa, he kohuke nui tēnei hei mārama ki te whakakapinga matū o ngā katote nui i roto i te tukutuku feldspar. Ko te mema barium ongea (BaAl2Si2O8), ka kitea i roto i ngā putunga whakarerekē whakapā.
Hyalophane
Ko te Hyalophane he momo kōhatu pākākā takawaenga e mau ana i te barium me te pōtākihia. Ka puta tuatahi i ngā kōhatu whakarerekē me ētahi putunga konupūmā, i reira ka hanga tioata kore tae, mā, kōwhai pūaho rānei. Nō te pūnaha tioata monoclinic te kōhatu nei, ā, e 6 tōna pakeke ki te tauine Mohs. Ki te hanganga, e whakaatu ana i te whakawhiti matū i waenganui i te orthoclase me te celsian, te pito-mutunga barium onge. Ahakoa he rite tōna kanapa karaihe ki te roopu kōhatu pākākā, nā te nui ake o te barium ka piki ake tōna taumaha motuhake ina whakaritea ki ngā kōhatu pākākā pōtākihia noa.y e mau ana i te barium me te pōtākihia.
Ngā momo kōhatu whakairo (Ngā mahi whakaata)
I tua atu i tō rātou whakarōpūtanga matawhenua, he maha ngā feldspar e whakanuihia ana i te ahumahi whakapaipai mō ō rātou āhuatanga whatu ahurei:
Kohatu
Ko te Moonstone he momo feldspar e titoa ana e ngā papa takahurihuri o te orthoclase me te albite. E tohu ana i tētahi āhuatanga whatu e kīia nei ko te adularescence, e puta mai ana he kikorangi pahekeheke, he mā rānei te marama e heke haere ana i te mata o te kōhatu. Ko te kohuke nei he mārama ki te āhua māramarama, ā, he 6 te pakeke i te tauine Mohs. Ahakoa he korekore te tae, he mā te nuinga o te wā, ka puta hoki i ngā ātata o te kiwikiwi, te pītiti, me te kākāriki. Ko te pānga kitea e puta mai ana i te mararatanga o te marama i te wā e whiti ana i ngā papa moroiti o roto o ngā momo feldspar rerekē.
Kohatu
Ko te Sunstone he momo parakiokarae feldspar, te nuinga he oligoclase, he labradorite rānei, e mōhiotia ana mō ōna whakaataata kanapa o roto. Ko tēnei āhuatanga whatu, e kīia nei ko te aventurescence, nā ngā kōpura iti o ngā kohuke pērā i te parahi, te hematite, te goethite rānei. Ko te ahua o te kohuke he karaka, he whero, he kōura rānei, ā, e 6 tōna pakeke i te tauine Mohs. Ka puta i roto i ngā taiao tōhū me ngā taiao takahurihuri, ā, ka rerekē tōna āhua i runga anō i te rahi me te aronga o ngā kōpura whakarewa. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana hei kohatu whakapaipai, ka mau tonu ngā āhuatanga tinana me te wehenga o te rōpū feldspar.
Amazonite
Ko te Amazonite he momo pūkohu microcline kāriki ki te kāriki-pūrū. Ko tōna tae motuhake e hāngai ana ki te noho o te matawhenua me te wai i roto i tōna hanganga tioata. He pūrangiaho ki te pūrangiaho te kohuke, ā, he whiti anō, me te pakeke e 6 i te tauine Mohs. Nō te pūnaha tioata triclinic, ā, e whakaatu ana i ngā koki wehenga 90-tohu o te rōpū feldspar. Ka kitea nuitia i roto i ngā pegmatite kirikiri, ā, ka noho tahi me te quartz me te mica. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakapaipai, he kohuke silicate whai pāharewa pāharewa tonu ia, e tautuhia ana e tōna whakaritenga hanganga motuhake.
Spectrolite
Ko te Spectrolite he momo kounga teitei o te labradorite feldspar e kitea ana i Finland. E mōhiotia ana mō te whānuitanga me te kaha o ngā tae iridescent, tae atu ki te whero, te parakākā, te kōwhai me te waiporoporo, engari ko te labradorite noa e whakaatu ana i te kikorangi me te kākāriki anake. Ko te kōhatu nei e 6 te pakeke i runga i te tauine Mohs, ā, he ōrite te anau tioata triclinic me te wehenga ki ērā atu plagioclase feldspars. Ko tēnei whakaaturanga kaha o te iridescence nā te pokanoa o te mārama i roto i ngā paparanga moroiti o roto. Ahakoa he kōhatu whakapapa toka i roto i ngā hangahanga igneous motuhake, ka hauhaketia mō ōna āhuatanga whakapaipai me te gemological ahurei.
Ngā Whakaurunga Hanganga & Ngā Āhua Motuhake
Pētīhiti
Ko te Perthite he āhua i roto i ngā toka kirikiri, e mau ana i te pāhare pāhare o wātea me te pāhare konutai. Ka puta mā te tukanga e kīia nei ko te exsolution, ka puta i te wā e mātao ana te pāhare wera ōrite, ka wehe atu ki ētahi wāhanga motuhake e rua. Ko te kohuke kaiāwhina he orthoclase, he microcline rānei, ko ngā kāpiti, ko ngā uaua māmā ake rānei he mea hāngai ki te albite. Ka mau tonu tana pakeke ki te 6 i runga i te tauine Mohs, ā, e whakaatu ana i te wehenga paerewa o te rōpū pāhare. Ka whakamahia e ngā tohunga matawhenua ngā āhua perthite hei whakatau i te hītori whakamātao me ngā āhuatanga pēhanga o ngā taiao ahiwhenua i puta ai te kohuke.
Cleavelandite
Ko te Cleavelandite he pākākā plagioclase e puta ana hei momo rerekē o te albite. E mōhiotia ana mō tōna āhua angiangi, papatahi, pāpā rānei o te tupu karaihe, kāhore i te āhua porotaka o te nuinga o ngā pākākā. He mā, kahurangi rānei te tae o te kōhatu, he wheriko pera ki te rei, he karaehe rānei, ā, e 6 te pakeke i te aratau Mohs. I te nuinga o te wā ka puta i roto i ngā pegmatite tōkena i ngā wāhanga mutunga o te whakapakari, ā, ka kitea hei kāhui papanga whakawhanawhana, whitiwhiti rānei. Ahakoa he ōrite tōna hanganga matū ki te albite noa, ko tōna hanganga tinana ahurei he tohu mō ngā taiao matū motuhake i roto i ngā putunga pegmatite.
Ko te Maskelynite
Ko te Maskelynite he karaihe e kitea ana i ētahi meteorite me ngā rua pānga, i hangaia e te whakarewa o te pākākā plagioclase i te wā o ngā pānga tere-tere. He rerekē i te nuinga o ngā pākākā, kāore he hanganga tioata, nā reira he matū kore-ahua, isotropic, kaua ko te kohuke i roto i te tikanga tino.
Ngā whakamahinga me te hiranga o te feldspar
Ko te Feldspar te roopu kohuke tino nui i roto i te kirinuku o te Earth’s crust, ā, he rauemi matua e kore e taea te whakakapi i roto i te ahumahi hou. I te mea he kohuke silicate e whai rawa ana i te konumohe me te pāhare pāporo pēnei i te potassium, te sodium, me te calcium, e whakanuia ana mō tōna tūranga hei kaihoro whakarewa kaha me te whakakī mahi, e whai wāhi ana ki te pūngao matū me te tinana o ngā hua maha. I te rāngai hanga karaihe, e kai ana i te 70% o te whakaputanga feldspar o te ao, ka mahi te kohuke hei whakarewa tino nui. Mā te whakaheke i te pāmahana whakarewa o te quartz, ka tino whakaiti i te whakapau pūngao i te wā o te hanga. I tua atu, ko tōna kiko alumina e whakarei ake ana i te roa o te hua, te mārama, me te ātete ki te waikura matū me te wiri wera. Nā tēnei ka waiho hei mea tino nui mō ngā mea katoa mai i te karaihe ipu me te matapihi o ia rā, ki te whakamahana muka karaihe motuhake me te ipu karaihe taumata taiwhanga.
Kei te whakawhirinaki te ahumahi uku ki te feldspar hei waahanga hanganga taketake, e kiia ana ko te tuara o te mahi uku. I roto i te tukanga tahu, ka rewa te feldspar hei hanga i te matū karaihe e herea ana i ētahi atu rawa pērā i te kaolin me te kiripaka. Ko tēnei tukanga whakawera e whakarite ana kia kiko, kia waikore, kia kaha hoki ngā taputapu uku, ngā taonga horoi, me ngā ipu kai pai. I tua atu i te tinana o te uku, ko te feldspar he kai whakauru matua ki roto i ngā panuku me ngā whakakikorua, e whakarato ana i te whakaotinga maeneene, tiaki, ātaahua hoki ki ngā mata uku me ngā mata whakarewa. I tua atu i tana mahi i roto i te tukanga wera-nui, ka whakamahia te feldspar kua oti te whenu hei whakakī mahi whaihua i roto i ngā ahumahi peita, kirihou, me te rapa. Nā tana kore pānga matū, te tīaho nui, me te pakeke Mohs o te 6, he tino kaiwhakatōpū e whakapai ana i te ātete ki te horo me te huarere. I roto i ngā peita, ka taea e ia te whakauru nui o te tae i te wā e mau tonu ana te waiwai iti, ā, i roto i ngā kirihou, ka whakapīkai i te mārō me te mauroa o ngā wāhanga e whakamahia ana i ngā rāngi ā-motokā me te kōpaki.
I ngā whakamahinga motuhake, ko ngā āhuatanga whai rawa o te feldspar e whakarato ana i ngā painga ahurei. Ko tōna pakeke ngāwari e taea ai te whakamahi hei kaiporo māmā i ngā kai horoi whakapā kāinga, e horoi pai ana i ngā mata me te kore e hōhonu ngā karaehe. I te ao mātai whenua, he mea tino nui te feldspar e whai pāhare pōtassium ana mō te whakatau wā Argon-Argon (Ar-Ar), e whakarato ana i te karaka tōtika ki ngā kaipūtaiao hei whakatau i te pakeke o ngā hūnga puia me ngā nekehanga papatipu. Mai i te tū pakari o ngā whata'anga ki te tōtika o te hītori matawhenua, ka noho tonu te feldspar hei pou hāngū engari nui rawa mō te ahunga whakamua o te ahumahi me te pūtaiao.