Ko te Labradorite he momo kowhatu whakamīharo nō te rōpū kohuke feldspar, e mōhiotia ana mō ōna āhuatanga hanga me tōna whanonga whatu motuhake. Ka whakarōpūtia hei feldspar plagioclase e whai wāhi nui te konupūmā, me te tātai matū whānui (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈. I roto i te tauira ringaringa, he pango hina ki te pango tata te tae taketake o te kohuke; heoi, he tino rerekē tēnei āhua mārō i tōna āhuatanga tino motuhake—te labradorescence, he āhuatanga whatu iridescent e whakaputa ana i ngā uira tae oraora ina tirohia te kowhatu mai i ngā koki rerekē. Ehara tēnei pānga i te mea mata noa, engari ka puta mai i ngā pāhekoheko ō-roto matatini i waenga i te marama me te hanganga moroiti o te kohuke.
Ko te āhuatanga o te labradorescence he momo iridescence tino motuhake e ahu mai ana i ngā āhuatanga hanganga moroiti i roto i te whārangi tioata, kaua i te pūkoro, i ngā parakimono matū rānei. Ka uru te mārama ki te mata orohia o Labradorite, ka tūtaki ia ki tētahi raupapa o ngā hanganga paparanga moroiti e tipu tahi ana—he "pereti" moroiti—e hangaia ana e ngā wāhanga feldspar e rua, ko te Albite (nui te konutai) me te Anorthite (nui te konupūmā). Ko ēnei paparanga o roto e mahi ana hei kupenga tāwhai mārama māori.
I te rere o ngā ngaru mārama i ēnei paparanga, ka whai rātou i tētahi tukanga o te whakawhanaunga hanga me te whakawhanaunga whakakore. Inarā, ka pāhekoheko te mārama i whakaatatia mai i te rohe o tētahi paparanga ki te mārama i whakaatatia mai i te paparanga e whai ake nei. Mēnā e taurite ana te rerekētanga o te wāhanga i waenga i ēnei ngaru, ka whakanuia ngā roangaru motuhake, ka whakaatatia hoki ki te kaititiro, e whakaputa ana i ngā tae hihiko o te kikorangi hiko, te kākāriki emerara, me te koura. Ko te tika o tēnei pānga e whakatauhia ana e te Ture a Bragg; ko te kaha me te awhe o te roangaru e tino whakahaeretia ana e te matotoru, te mokowā, me te tōtikatanga o te mokowā o ngā lamellae. Ina taka te mokowā lamellae ki te tauine nanometer (te nuinga o te 50 ki te 100 nm), ka taea e ia te whakawhanaunga tino pai o te mārama kitea. Ko ngā rerekētanga i te tōtikatanga o te hanganga, i te koki o te whakaekenga rānei, ka puta he whakarōpū tae ā-rohe, arā, ka kitea te "ura" o te kōhatu i ngā takotoranga motuhake anake.
Ko te Hanganga Whenua me te Tikanga Whakaputanga
Ko te Labradorite he kōhatu calcic-plagioclase feldspar e whakatipu ana i ngā taiao mafic igneous, e whakapakari ana i roto i ngā toka plutonic pērā i te gabbro, te norite, me te anorthosite. Ka tīmata tōna whanaketanga i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua i reira e whakamātao haere ana te magma i te tere e tika ana kia taea ai ngā panoni thermodynamic uaua. I te tuatahi, i ngā pāmahana tiketike, ka noho te kōhatu hei otinga totoka ōrite, i reira e tohatoha noa ana ngā katote konutai me te konupūmā i roto i tētahi anga kotahi.
Heoi, i te hekenga o te pāmahana, ka tae te whakatakotoranga tioata ki tētahi wāhi o te kore pūmau whakamaoritanga e mōhiotia ana ko te solvus. Ka whakaoho tēnei i tētahi tukanga e kīia nei ko te exsolution (ko te “wehewehenga” rānei), e wehe ai te otinga totoka i mua kotahi ki ngā wāhanga rerekē, tauwhitiwhiti. Ka puta tēnei wehenga i roto i te āhua totoka, ka waihanga i ngā paparanga angiangi, whakarara e hiahiatia ana mō te labradorescence. Kia puta ai te pānga whatu, me taurite te tere whakamātao: ki te tere rawa te whakamātao o te magma (pērā i te basalt puia), kāore te wā e nui mō ngā katote ki te heke ki roto i ngā paparanga whakarite, ka puta he kohuke “pūhā” kāore he iridescence. Engari, i ngā taiao plutonic whakamātao pōturi, ka tae ēnei paparanga ki te matotoru nanomita tika e hiahiatia ana hei whakapā atu ki ngā ngaru mārama kitea.
Te Kitenga o ngā Hītori me te Whakaaetanga Pūtaiao
Ko te whakamātautau pūtaiao ōkawa o Labradorite i puta i te tau 1770 i te Moutere o Paul, e tata ana ki te kāinga o Nain i te takutai o Labrador, Kanata. I tuhia e ngā mihinare Moravian, nā rātou i kohi tauira, ka whakauru ki te hapori pūtaiao o Ūropi. Ko ngā āhuatanga whatu motuhake o te kohuke i aro wawe mai, ā, i whakarōpūtia ki roto i te raupapa plagioclase o te rōpū feldspar.
Whai muri i tana whakamātautau pūtaiao, ka tino rongonui a Labradorite i Ūropi i te mutunga o te rau tau 1800 me te rau tau 1900. Ka noho hei taonga nui i roto i ngā whakapaipai Neoclassical me Victorian, he maha ngā wā i whakairohia hei intaglio, i whakatakotoria rānei hei cabochon hei whakanui i tana pānga “schiller” (te kanapa whakarewa). Ahakoa tana whakarōpūtanga i Ūropi i te rau tau 1800, kua mōhiotia te kōhatu nei e ngā iwi taketake o Inuit me Beothuk o Amerika ki te Raki mō ngā rau tau. I whakanuia e rātou te kōhatu ehara i te mea mō ōna āhuatanga ataahua anake, engari mō tōna whai tikanga ahurea me te wairua, i mua noa atu i tōna whakaurunga ki ngā pukapuka pūtaiao kohatu o te Tai Hauāuru.
Te tikanga ahurea me ngā pūrākau o Te Ao Tūroa
I roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho a te iwi Inuit, e hono pūtahi ana te Labradorite ki te Aurora Borealis, te whakaaturanga mārama tiretiera e kitea nuitia ana i ngā rohe āhua-ārai o te whenua e kitea ai te kōhatu. E ai ki te pūrākau, i mau kino ngā Rama Raki ki roto i ngā toka kōpīpī o te takutai o Labrador. I kitea e tētahi toa Inuit rongonui ngā kōhatu kanapa, ā, i te whai ki te tuku i te mārama, ka whiua e ia ngā hanganga toka ki tāna tao. Ahakoa i tukua te nuinga o te mārama kia kanikani i te rangi pō hei Aurora, i noho mau tonu tētahi wāhanga ki roto i te hanganga tioata o te kōhatu. Ko tēnei kōrero he whakamārama ahurea mō tētahi āhuatanga ōpiko māori, e whakarite tika ana i ngā tae hurihuri o te kōhauhau ki te "kanapa" wheriko o te kōhatu e mau ana ki te whenua. E whakaatu ana tēnei whakamārama i tētahi tikanga whānui a te tangata ki te whakamahi i ngā anga pūrākau hei whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga ōkiko uaua, e hono ana i te āputa i waenga i te kaitirotiro me te whanonga ngaro o te mārama me te matū.
Ngā momo Labradorite
Labradorite noa
Ko te tēnei te momo e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, he pango hina ki te pango waro te tae o te taketake. Ka whakaatu i te āhuatanga labradorescence matarohia, e whiti ana i ngā tae kahurangi hiko, kākāriki moana, ā, i ētahi wā, koura. Ko te nuinga o ngā whakapaipai arumoni me ngā "kohatu nikau" orohia ka taka ki tēnei kāwai.
Spectrolite
Ko te Spectrolite e kiia ana ko te momo Labradorite tino kounga rawa atu i te ao. I kitea tuatahitia i Finland, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna tino pōuri me te uira karakara maha. Kāore i rite ki te Labradorite noa, ka taea e Spectrolite te whakaatu i te katoa o te hihinga kitea, tae atu ki ngā tae onge me te tino hiahiatia pēnei i te whero kaha, te karaka, me te waireti hōhonu.
Ko Māhina Āniwaniwa
Ahakoa tōna ingoa arumoni, ko te Rainbow Moonstone he momo kohuke o te Labradorite mārama ki te mārama noa iho, kaua ko te moonstone Orthoclase pono. E whakanuia ana mō tōna pūtake mā te waiū, kāore rānei he tae, e noho ana hei papa mō ngā kōwhitiwhiti tae-maha, ātaahua. Nā te mea kei a ia te hanganga hanganga o Labradorite, ko te “kanapa kikorangi” e whakaaturia ana he āhua o te labradorescence.
Kohatu Ra o Oregon
He momo onge mea motuhake e kitea ana i te United States, ko te Oregon Sunstone he Labradorite maramara e mau ana i nga whakaurunga parahi iti. Ko enei pereti parahi e whakaata ana i te marama hei hanga i te ahua kanapa e kiia nei ko te aventurescence. I runga i te kaha o te parahi, ka taea e te kohatu te rere mai i te marama ki te whero hohonu, ki te “merengi” tae-rua ranei.
Larvikite
He maha ngā wā e kīia ana ko "Black Labradorite," he toka ahi a Larvikite e kitea ana i te rohe o Larvik i Norewai. Ahakoa ehara i te Labradorite parakore, kei roto he kirikiri nui o te feldspar e whakaatu ana i te āhua o te hiriwa-kikorangi schiller. Ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i te hoahoanga tino nui me te mahi kōhatu whakamahara nā tōna pūmau me tōna kanapa whakarewa mārire.
Ngā Whakamahinga me te Tika o te Labradorite mō ngā Whakapaipai
He pai ana te Labradorite mō te whakamahi ki ngā whakapaipai, inarā ki ngā momo e whakanui ana i te āhua motuhake, kaua ki te tino pakeke. He 6 ki te 6.5 te pakeke o te Mohs, nō reira he tino pakeke mō ngā momo whakapaipai maha, pērā i ngā tahei, whakakai taringa, me ngā pūrei, i ngā wāhi e iti ai te wā e pā ana ki te waku. Heoi anō, nā te tino māwherangi o te wehenga me te mārō tōnui, he māmā ake te whara i te karaehe me te pānga ki te whakatairite ki ngā kōhatu pakeke ake pērā i te hapira, te taimana rānei. Nā reira, ina whakamahia ki ngā mōwhiti, ki ngā poroporo rānei, e taunakitia ana kia whakamahia ngā whakapuru hei whakaiti i te pānga o te kaha. He mea tapahi te kōhatu nei ki ngā cabochon, ki ngā papa orohia rānei hei whakanui i te whakakitenga o te labradorescence, koia nei te uara ātaahua matua.
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te Labradorite i roto i ngā horopaki whakapaipai me ngā mahi whaihua. Ka whakamahia nuitia hei kōhatu whakapaipai i roto i ngā whakairo, ngā whakapakoko, me ngā wāhanga hoahoanga pēnei i ngā taera me ngā papa kai, e taea ai te whakaatu i tōna āhua kōrakorako. I tua atu, he tohu whai tikanga i roto i ngā mahi wairua me ngā mahi metapika, e hono ana ki te panonitanga me te whakamarumaru, ahakoa ko ēnei hononga e ahu mai ana i ngā whakapono ahurea, kaua i ngā taunakitanga pūtaiao. I roto i ngā horopaki ahumahi me te matawhenua, ka whakamahia hoki te Labradorite, pēnei i ētahi atu kohuke feldspar, ki te hanga uku me te karaihe, hei whakaheke i ngā pāmahana whakarewa me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o ngā rawa.