Ko te Lawsonite he kohuke konumohe konupūmā konumohe wai, ko tōna tātai matū ko CaAl₂Si₂O₇(OH)₂·H₂O. Ka whakapakarihia i roto i te pūnaha tioata orthorhombic, e whakaatu ana i te rōpū mokowā Ccmm. I runga i te hanganga, ko te lawsonite he mekameka anga-rite o ngā oktahedra AlO₆ e hono taha ana, e hono ana ki ngā rōpū disilicate Si₂O₇ motuhake. Ko tēnei whirihoranga ka hanga i ngā hongere hanganga nui e whakarara ana ki te tuaka-c, e noho ai ngā kātote Ca²⁺ me ngā rāpoi H₂O motuhake. Nā tēnei hanganga tioata ahurei, e pupuri ana te lawsonite i te 11.5 wt% o te wai stoichiometric i roto i tōna whata. E whakaatu ana i te pakeke Mohs o 6 ki te 6.5, he taumaha motuhake e 3.09, me te wehenga prismatic motuhake. Ka noho tata tonu ngā hanganga ki te tātai mutunga-mema, me te iti noa o te whakakapinga o te rino (Fe³⁺) me te titanium (Ti⁴⁺) e whakakapi ana i te konumohe i ngā wāhi oktahedra.
I whakamāramatia tuatahitia, i whakaahuatia hoki te kohuke i te tau 1895 e ngā tohunga kohuke whenua o Amerika, arā, ko Charles Palache rāua ko Frederick Leslie Ransome. Ko te wāhi taketake mō te lawsonite ko te Kūrae o Tiburon i te Kāwana o Marin, California, i kitea ai i roto i ngā toka whakarerekē e mau ana i te glaucophane o te Matatini Franciscan. Nā Palache rāua ko Ransome i whakaingoa te momo hou i kitea nei hei whakahōnore i a Andrew Cowper Lawson, he tohunga whenua rongonui nō Kōtarani-Kānata, he ahorangi hoki i te Whare Wānanga o California, Berkeley, nāna i whai wāhi nui ki te ariā o te hanga whenua me te hanganga whenua o te Tai Hauāuru o Amerika. Ko te tautohutanga o te lawsonite i hoatu ki ngā tohunga kōkōwhenua whakarerekē tuatahi he tohu kohuke nui, ā, i muri mai ka whai wāhi nui ki te whakatakoto i ngā ariā o te raupapa āhua whakarerekē pēhanga tiketike, pāmahana iti.
Ko te Lawsonite he tohu matua e tohu ana i te whakawhitinga pēhanga-tiketike, pāmahana-iti (HP-LT), e noho ana hei wāhanga whakatau o te karaehe blueschist me ngā tikanga pāmahana-iti o te karaehe eclogite. Ko tōna āwhi pūmau whakamaoritanga e horapa ana i ngā pēhanga mai i te 0.5 ki te 3.0 GPa me ngā pāmahana mai i te 200°C ki te 500°C. Ka puta te Lawsonite i te whakawhitinga whakamua me te whakamākūtanga o ngā toka pāpāho moana kua whakarerekētia, ngā gabbro, me ngā greywacke i te wā o te whakaheke. I ngā taumata iti, ka whakakapi i ngā kohuke whakamākū o mua pēnei i te laumontite, heulandite, pumpellyite rānei mā ngā tauhohenga pēnei i te pakarutanga o te pumpellyite i te aroaro o te chlorite me te quartz ki te whakaputa i te lawsonite, glaucophane, me te wai.
Nā te mea ka taea e te lawsonite te pupuri i tōna wai hanganga i ngā pēhanga tino nui i te wā e pakaru ana ētahi atu kohuke wai pēnei i te chlorite me te amphibole, ka noho ia hei tētahi o ngā kaikawe kohuke matua hei kawe i te H₂O kōwhaiwhai hohonu ki roto i te kōpū o runga o te whenua. Ko te whakamākūtanga hohonu o te lawsonite i te rohe lawsonite-eclogite ki te amphibole-eclogite, e tuku ana i te wai ki roto i te poro kōpū o runga, e whakaarotia nuitia ana hei take matua mō te whakarewanga wāhanga, te puia pewa, me te rū whenua o te rohe ruku takawaenga.
Te Hanganga Karaihana, Ngā Āhuatanga Whatu, me te Whakarōpūtanga
Ko te Lawsonite he kohuke konupūmā konumohe wai sorosilicate nō te karaehe sorosilicate o ngā kohuke silicate. Ka whakatioatahia ki te pūnaha whakatioata orthorhombic, ā, ka puta noa i te rōpū mokowā Cmcm. Ko tōna hanganga tioata he mea hanga i ngā mekameka o ngā octahedra AlO₆ e tūhono ana i ngā tapa e toro atu ana ki te tuaka tioata c. Ka honoa ēnei mekameka octahedral e ngā rōpū disilicate Si₂O₇ motuhake, e hanga ana i tētahi anga toru-ahu mārō e mau ana i ngā hongere hanganga e nohoia ana e ngā pūngao konupūmā me ngā rōpū hydroxyl matua me te wai rāpoi. Ko te nuinga o te wā, ka mau tonu te kohuke ki tōna tātai tino tata, arā, CaAl₂Si₂O₇(OH)₂·H₂O, me te iti noa o te whakakapinga matū, ko te mea nui ko te whakakapi i te konumohe ki te rino ferric i roto i ngā wāhi octahedral.
I roto i te tauira ringaringa, ko te lawsonite he kore tae, he ma, he hina koma, he kikorangi iti ranei, ahakoa ko nga parakore iti ka puta he kakariki koma, he kakariki-kikorangi, he mawhero ranei. Ko nga tioata e tino hanga ana he papa, he pseudo-tetragonal ranei te ahua, ka puta pea hei tioata poto, ahakoa he maha ake te whanaketanga o te kohuke hei whakahiato kirikiri pai i roto i nga toka whakarereke. Ma te titiro, ko te lawsonite e whakaatu ana i te kaha ki te whakaputa i nga tae kanorau i roto i nga momo tae. I raro i te marama whakaahuru, e tohuhia ana e te kaha o te whakaahuru me te whakaahuru ngawari, e ngawari ai te mohio ki te waahanga angiangi. Ka puta pea te mahanga, ahakoa ehara i te mea he tohu matua tonu. Ko enei ahuatanga whatu, me tona putanga motuhake i roto i nga taiao whakarereke pehanga tiketike, e waiho ana te lawsonite hei kohuke nui mo te tautuhi toka.
Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me te Matū
Ko te Lawsonite he huinga āhuatanga tinana e whakaatu ana i tōna hanganga kiripiri matatū ahakoa te nui o te wai kei roto. He pakeke Mohs tata ki te 6 ki te 6.5, e taea ai e ia te warohia te karaihe, ā, he pakeke ake i te maha atu o ngā kohuke waihā. Ko tōna taumaha motuhake i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 3.05 ki te 3.12, me te uara toharite e tata ana ki te 3.09. He pai ki te tino pai te wehenga o te kohuke i runga i ngā papa {010} me {100}, e whakaputa ana i ngā mata wehenga maeneene e whakaatu ana i te kanapa karaihe ki te kanapa peara iti.
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matū tino nui o te lawsonite ko te nui o te wai e herea ana ki tōna hanganga, e tata ana ki te 11 wt% H₂O i roto i te āhua o ngā rōpū hydroxyl me te wai rāpoi. Ko tēnei nui o te wai he mea nui ki tōna hiranga ā-āhuatanga whenua. I raro i ngā āhuatanga mata o te whenua, he pūmau te lawsonite, ā, he ātete ki te hāoro me ngā waikawa waimeha. Heoi, ka piki ake te pāmahana, ka tīmata te whakakore i te hanganga karaihe, e puta ai te whakamaroketanga me te pakaruhanga. I raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana iti, pēhanga nui e kitea ana i ngā rohe whakaheke, ka tino pūmau te lawsonite, ā, ka noho tonu pea i ngā pēhanga e 2 GPa me ngā pāmahana e tata ana ki te 600°C, e taea ai e ia te kawe wai ki ngā hōhonutanga nui o roto o te whenua.
Te Putanga Whenua me te Hiranga Pūtaiao
Ko te Lawsonite tētahi o ngā kohuke tohu tino nui o te panoni ā-pēhanga tiketike, ā-pāmahana iti, ā, he tino tohu hoki mō ngā toka karaehe-pounamu i hanga i roto i ngā taiao rohe-whakauru. Ko tōna aroaro he tohu kaha mō te noho o mua o ngā rohenga paparanga whakakotahi tawhito me te whakaurunga o te kiri-oceanic. Nā te mea he pai te whakatau i tōna āheinga pūmau, ka whakamahia nuitia te lawsonite e ngā tohunga panoni toka hei whakahou i ngā hītori pēhanga–pāmahana–wā (P–T–t) me te arotake i ngā ara nehu me te whakaputanga o ngā whenua panoni. Ka noho tahi ia me ngā kohuke pērā i te glaucophane, te jadeite, te epidote, te garnet, me te phengite.
I tua atu i tōna uira hei kohuke tohu whakarerekē, ko te lawsonite tētahi tūranga matua i roto i ngā rangahau o te huringa wai hōhonu o te whenua. I te wā o te tāhekeheke, ka uru ngā wai nui i ahu mai i te wai moana ki roto i ngā kohuke mākū i roto i te kirinuku moana e heke iho ana. Ina whakatauritea ki te maha atu o ngā kohuke mākū e tuku wai ana i ngā hōhonu pāpaku, ka noho pūmau te lawsonite i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tikanga pēhanga tiketike, ā, e kaha ana ki te kawe i ngā wai nui ki roto i te kōpaka o runga hōhonu. Nō reira, e whakaarotia ana koia tētahi o ngā putunga kohuke tino nui e whakahaere ana i te nekehanga o te wai mai i te mata o te whenua ki tōna roto.
Ko te pakarutanga o te lawsonite i ngā hōhonutanga nui ake, he hua nui tēnei mō te ao whenua. Ina eke ngā āhuatanga pēhanga me te pāmahana ki tua atu i ōna rohe pūmau, ka pirau te lawsonite, ka tukua he nui o te wai wai, i te wā e huri ana ki ngā whakahiato kohuke o te taumata-eclogite. Ko te tukunga o ēnei wai e whakaarohia nuitia ana ko tētahi o ngā tikanga e whai wāhi ai ki te mahi rū whenua i waenga hōhonu i roto i ngā papa tāpokopoko. I tua atu, ko ngā wai e tukua ana i te whakamaroketanga o te lawsonite ka heke whakarunga ki te kōpae kōpaka o runga, ka whakaheke i te pāmahana whakarewa o ngā toka kōpaka, ka whakatairanga i te whakarewa wāhanga. Ka whai wāhi tēnei tukanga ki te whakaputanga o te magma i raro i ngā pewa puia, ā, he wāhi taketake tōna ki te whanaketanga o te maha o ngā puia e pā ana ki ngā rohe whakawhiti papa, tae atu ki ērā e karapoti ana i te Mōwhiti Ahi o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.