Ko te Sphalerite he kohuke pūkawa e noho ana hei tino kōreko me te tino kōreko o te konutea ki te ao. Hei kohuke, e rongonui ana mō tōna whakatakotoranga kirikiri uaua me ōna āhuatanga whatu whakamīharo; ina kitea i roto i ngā tioata kounga-kohatu, e whakaatu ana i te “ahi” me te marara e tata ana ki te toru ngā wā teitei ake i tō te taimana. Ko tēnei marara teitei e tohu ana ka wehea te mārama e uru ana ki te kohatu ki tētahi aniwaniwa o ngā tae, e hanga ana i tētahi kanapa ataahua e kore e taea e ētahi atu kohuke te whakataurite. I te taha tinana, ka puta i ngā tae mai i te kōwhai-parauri me te honi-whero ki te pango konganuku hōhonu—he momo e mōhiotia ana ko te blackjack—i runga i te nui o te rino kei roto i tōna hanganga. Ka whakatakotoria i te pūnaha isometric, e hanga ana i ngā tioata tetrahedral, dodecahedral rānei e mau ana i tētahi kanapa ā-ringi ki te kanapa taimana motuhake me tētahi rārangi kōwhai ki te parauri. Nā tōna pakeke iti, e uaratia ana e ngā kaikohi kohuke me te kohatu whakaatu i te mea he kohatu mō ngā whakapaipai whakamahi nui, engari e noho tonu ana hei kohuke tino whakamīharo i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua.
Me pēhea te whakaputa o te Sphalerite i roto i te whenua?
Ko te hanganga o te sphalerite ka puta i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā taiao ā-āhuwhenua, ahakoa ko te nuinga o te wā e pā ana ki te mahi waiariki. Ka puta mai mā te whakaheke o ngā wai e whai ana i te whanariki i roto i ngā uaua waiariki o te pāmahana waenga-ki-iti, e noho tahi ana me ētahi atu kohuke pērā i te galena, te pyrite, te chalcopyrite, me te calcite. Ko ēnei uaua he pūnaha paipa i roto i te whenua, e kawe ana i ngā konganuku whakarewa mai i ngā puna hōhonu, e whakatakoto ana ki ngā kapiti me ngā whatianga i te wā e mātao ana ngā wai. I tua atu i ngā putunga uaua, ko te sphalerite tētahi wāhanga nui o ngā putunga o te Momo Awa o Mississippi (MVT), e whakakapi ana i ngā toka waro pērā i te pākeho me te kōwhatu toka. I ēnei āhuatanga, ka tauhohe te wai e whai ana i te kohuke ki te toka kāinga, e whakawhiti ana i te rawa o mua mō te konutea whanariki i roto i ngā miriona tau. Ka kitea hoki i ngā putunga whakaputa parataiao (SEDEX), e hanga ana i runga i te papa o te moana, ā, i ētahi wā i roto i ngā toka kēhua, hei kohuke tuatahi rānei i ētahi toka ahi. Ko te whakaurunga o te rino ki roto i tōna anga he hua nō te pāmahana i te wā o te hanganga; ko ngā pāmahana teitei ake e whakaae ana ki te whakakapinga rino teitei ake, e whakapōuri ana i te āhua o te kohuke, e whakapūrangiawa ana hoki.
Ko te kōrero kei muri i te kohuke me tōna ingoa
Ko te hītori o te sphalerite e hono hohonu ana ki te whanaketanga o te mahi whakarewa me te mahi kōhatu. I tapaina tuatahitia te kōhatu nei ko te blende i te tau 1546 e Georgius Agricola, e kīia nei ko te matua o te mahi kōhatu. Whai muri i te whakarōpūtanga tuatahi a Agricola me te kore i tapaina ki tōna ingoa hou, i mōhiotia ia e ngā ingoa matū maha, tae atu ki te zincum. Kāti noa i te tau 1847 i whakamanahia ai e Ernst Friedrich Glocker te ingoa Sphalerite. I kōwhiria e ia tēnei ingoa mai i te kupu Kariki sphaleros, e whakamāoritia ana ko te tinihanga, te whakapati rānei. He tohu tēnei i te pōuri o ngā kaihuke o mua, nā te mea ko ngā momo pango o te kōhatu i pohehe noa ki te galena, te tino kōhatu o te mata. Ahakoa te āhua rite o te titiro, i kitea e ēnei kaihuke kāore he mata i puta i te wā o te whakarewatanga, nā reira i rongonui ai hei kōhatu tinihanga.
Ahakoa i whakamahia ngā kōreo konutea mai i ngā wā onamata hei hanga parāhi, ko te sphalerite tonu i noho mākūkū mō ngā rautau nā te mea kāore i rite te hua whakarewa matapae ki ērā atu kōreo noa. I te pikinga ake o te mātauranga matū i te rautau 18 me 19, ka kitea e ngā kairangahau he puna konutea nui, whai hua hoki. I ēnei rā, kua whakawhānuitia tōna hiranga o mua mai i te taonga mahi noa ki te rawa tino nui mō ngā whakamahinga hangarau teitei. He maha ngā wā kei roto he tohu iti o ngā huānga onge pēnei i te cadmium, te gallium, me te indium, e tino hiahiatia ana mō ngā taputapu hiko hou, ngā pūtau solar whaihua nui, me ngā hangarau pūngao kākāriki, e waiho ana hei kōreo e hono ana i te mahi whakarewa tawhito ki te anamata o te hangarau.
Ko ngā momo me ngā momo rerekē o te Sphalerite
Ahakoa e tautuhia ana te kohuke e tōna hanganga ā-roto ōrite, he rerekē rawa te āhua o waho i runga i ngā huānga tohu e noho ana i te wā e hanga ana. Ko te momo tino rongonui ko te blackjack, he momo pouri, whai-hāiti, e āhua pōataata ana, e āhua konganuku ana. He mea kitea nuitia tēnei momo i ngā maina o mua, ā, i whakaingoatia mō tōna āhua taumaha, pouri. I te pito whakatekau o te whānuitanga ko te cleiophane, he momo onge, tino pōataata, he iti rawa te hāiti. He kore tae, he kōwhai māmā, he kākāriki rānei te cleiophane, ā, he mea tino whakanuia e ngā kaikohi nā te mea ko tōna kore parakore e tino kitea ai tōna ahi ā-roto me tōna mararatanga mārama. Ko tētahi atu momo whakamīharo ko te ruby blende, e whakaatu ana i te tae whero hōhonu, rite tonu ki te rupi. Ka puta tēnei tae ina kei roto i te kohuke ngā ōwehenga motuhake o te hāiti me ētahi atu huānga, me te pupuri tonu i te pōataata kia puta ai te mārama ki roto i te tioata. I ētahi rohe, ka tūpono koe ki te marmatite, he momo hāiti-nui ake i te blackjack, e āhua pango katoa ana, e pōataata ana, me te kanapa āhua-konganuku. I tua atu i ēnei kāwai ā-tirohanga, ka whakarōpūtia anō te kohuke e ngā huānga onge e noho ana hei parakore, pērā i te cadmium, te gallium, te germanium rānei. Ahakoa kāore ēnei huānga e whakarerekē i te ingoa o te momo i ngā wā katoa, ka whakarerekē nui i te uara me te whakamahinga ahumahi o te tauira, e tino kanorau ai te ao o ngā momo sphalerite mō ngā pūtaiao me ngā kaingākau ki ngā kōhatu utu nui.
Ngā momo matua me ngā momo o te Sphalerite
Blackjack:Ko tēnei te momo ahumahi e tino kitea ana, e mōhiotia ana mō te nui o te rino e puta ai te kohuke he pouri, he pōuri, he konganuku. I tapaina e ngā kaihuke i ngā wā o mua, nā rātou i kite i te āhua pōuri o te kohuke he mea whakapōhēhē.
Ko te Cleiophane:He momo, he iti te rino, e tino mārama ana. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te kākāriki māmā, te kōwhai, ahakoa te kore tae. Nā te mea kāore he parakino, koinei te momo pai rawa atu hei mātakitaki i te maringi mārama o te kōhatu.
Ruby Blende:Ko tēnei momo i whakaingoatia mō tōna tae whero hōhonu, mārama. Ka puta ina he iti rawa te taumata rino e taea ai te mārama, engari he motuhake hei whakakikorua i te karaihe ki te āhua rite ki te rūpi.
MarmatiteHe momo tino nui te rino, he pouri ake, he kore kitea atu i te pango. He maha tonu te kanapa o te whakarewa, ā, ko te whāinga matua mō ngā mahi keri konutea nui.
Hone Blende:He tino pai ki te hunga kohi kohatu, ko tenei momo he koura-amipere mahana te tae. Na tona marama me ona tae kowhai e tino pai ana ki te whakaatu i te "ahi" o roto.
Schalenblende:He momo, he momo kohuke maha-iti e hanga ana i roto i nga whanau whakapiri, whakahekeheke. He mea hanga mai i te sphalerite i konatunatua ki te wurtzite me te galena, e hanga ana i te ahua whakairo, whakairoiro ina tapatapahia ka whakakororia.
Christophite: He momo, he momo otaota e kitea ana i ngā wāhi motuhake, he tino nui te rino, he rite tonu te āhua o te weriweri, he pango pango rānei.
Ko te Sphalerite i roto i nga Whakapaipai: Te Kanapa o te Titiro ki te Pakari o te Mahi
Ko te Sphalerite he kohuke i hanga mai i te konutea me te whanariki, e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga whatu e nui ake ana i te maha o ngā kōhatu utu nui. Ko tōna āhuatanga tino rongonui ko tōna mararatanga, te “ahi” rānei, e ine ana i te 0.156. Hei whakamārama i tēnei, ko tēnei uara e toru atu i te uara o te taimana. Nā tēnei mararatanga nui ka taea e te kōhatu te wehewehe i te mārama ki ngā tae o te āniwaniwa, e whakaputa ana i te kaha o te kitea e onge ana i te ao kōhatu. Heoi, ahakoa he tino pai tōna taupū whakaata me tōna ahi, ka whakatauritea ēnei āhuatanga ātaahua ki ngā herenga ā-tinana e pā ana ki tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā whakapaipai arumoni. Ko te wero matua mō te whakamahi i te sphalerite mō ngā whakapaipai ko tōna kore pūmau. I runga i te tauine Mohs mō te pakeke o ngā kohuke, kei waenganui te sphalerite i te 3.5 me te 4, e tino ngāwari ana i ngā kōhatu noa pēnei i te quartz (7) me te sapphire (9). E mōhiotia ana hoki mō tōna wehenga dodecahedral tino pai, e māmā ana te wehewehe i ngā papa motuhake ina pāngia e te pēhanga, te pānga rānei. Nā tēnei pākiki, ka whakarōpūtia te sphalerite hei “kōhatu kohikohi” kaua hei kōhatu whakapaipai whaihua. Kāore e tika ana mō ngā mōwhiti me ngā poroporo, e pā ana ki te whakapā atu ki ngā mata pakeke, ā, ka whakawhāitihia ki ngā whakatakotoranga tiakina i roto i ngā tahei me ngā whakakai e hāngai ana ki te whakamahi i ngā wā kāore i te nui.
I roto i te horopaki whānui o te ōhanga, ko te uara o te sphalerite e kitea ana i roto i ngā whakamahinga ahumahi, kaua ki te ātaahua. Koia te tino kōreko o te konutea o te ao, e whakarato ana i te nuinga o te whakaputanga konutea o te ao. Ko tēnei konutea he mea nui hei whakakakahu i te tīra ki te ārai i te waikura, me te hanga i ngā koranu pēnei i te parāhi. I tua atu, kei roto i ngā putunga sphalerite ngā huānga hua atu pēnei i te indium, te germanium, me te gallium. Ko ēnei rauemi he wāhanga nui o te hanga i ngā pūngao ā-ira, ngā pūtau rā, me ngā hangarau LED, e noho ai te kōhuke hei poutokomanawa o te ahumahi hiko hou. Ko te tiaki i te sphalerite e hiahiatia ana he taumata tiaki e nui ake ana i tō ngā kōhatu utu nui noa. He tino tairongo ki te wera ohorere me te pā ki ngā matū, nō reira kāore e taea te horoi ki ngā miihini ultrasonic, ki ngā miihini mamaoa rānei. Ko te tiaki e whāiti ana ki te horoi mārie ki te wai māhana me te hopi ngāwari. Nā te mea he māmā te waruhia e te puehu o te whare (e whai ana i te quartz i ētahi wā), me rongoa wehe atu i ētahi atu whakapaipai. Ahakoa he pai ake te mahi whatu i tō ngā kōhatu utu nui maha, ko ōna herenga ā-tinana e noho ai hei kōwhiringa motuhake mō ngā kaingākau, kaua hei taonga matua o te ahumahi whakapaipai.