Phosgenite

Koiora heke heke ko te pūkenga tāwhai kōhī ā-rua rānei o te pūkenga e whakapapa ana i ngā pūkenga tāwhai kōhī e hiahiatia ana.

Kōwhai Tuhinga Kōhanga
Tātai Matū	Pb₂CO₃Cl₂
Rōpū Kōhuke	Karboniti (Tōpū Phosgenite)
Whakaaturanga	Kōwhiri (Tuhinga wāhi: P4/mbm)
Te Tūturu Kupenga	a = 8.160 Å, c = 8.810 Å, Z = 2
Te tikanga karaihe	Kiriata ki te kiriata tāwhai, kiriata pōtiki iti, kiriata e rua rāwehi iti, kiriata māmā rāwehi, āhua rāwehi iti, āhua rāwehi iti, āhua rāwehi iti, āhua rāwehi iti.
Āhuatanga Whatu	Koiora tatau (+); whakapapa rite; whakapapa kaha ki te kaha o te whakapapa.
Āwhi Tae	Kōwhai, pango, kōwhai rāwiri, kōwhai rāwiri tāwhai, kōwhai rāwiri kahurangi, kōwhai rāwiri tawhiti, kōwhai rāwiri tāwhai; kōwhai me te whakapapa tūturu i te tāwhai tāwhai.
Te pakeke o Mohs	2.5 - 3.0
Te pakeke o Knoop	120 - 150 kg/mm²
Rārangi	Pango
Te Tauākī Whakaata (RI)	nω = 2.114 - 2.118, nε = 2.143 - 2.145 (High relief and distinct birefringence δ = 0.027 - 0.029)
Pūāhua Tirohanga	Uniaxial (+)
Perehinga whakapapa	Weak to non-pleochroic (in yellow or brownish varieties: ω = pale yellow/yellowish-green, ε = color shade variations).
Whakamararatanga	Kaha (r < v)
Te Whakawhiti Wera	Heke, i te whakamahi pūtōrino rite a tēnei.
Te Whakahaere Hiko	Kōwhiri / kāore i te tūhono i ngā āhuatanga whakatau.
Tūāwhiora Whakauru	Kāore ngā pūkenga whakamahia mō te tatau kōwhai i te rautaki wairua.
Whitiā	Koiora ki te tatau whakamahi i te tatau UV; e hāngai ana ki te koiora kōwhai rongonui, kōwhai-kiore, me te koiora kōwhai-pink ki te tatau UV rere (LWUV).
Te Taumaha Motuhake (SG)	6.0 - 6.3 (Koiora tino kato te pūtake rere i roto i te wāhanga o ngā pūtake rere)
Whakakā (Pōrihi)	Adamantine ki te tāwhai; pearly i ngā rāwekō whakarite.
Māramatanga	Pūata ki te pūataata.
Wehenga / Whatiwhati	Kotahi ki te whakapono i ngā {110} me ngā {001} / Conchoidal ki te rere.
Pakeke / Toa	Kōwhai, he rāwekō tūturu.
Te Putanga Whenua	Kōwhai tāwhai katoa e whai wāhi ana i ngā taumahatanga o ngā pūtahi pūhī, i te wā katoa i hangaia e whakaputa i te galena ki te wai moemoeā rānei te wai tāwhai.
Ngā whakaurunga	Kōwhai kōpae, wāhi whakauru o tītī, kōwhai kōpae, kōwhai kōpae ā-kei.
Te rewa	Ko te kōpae i te tāwhai o te hīnātī kīmihia (HNO₃) me te hīnātī kīmihia (HCl).
Pūmau	Koaro i te āhua tūturu o ngā whakamahi katoa; rite ki ngā ahuatanga māmā o ngā tōki pūhōhonu me te wē (ka whakaputa i ngā pūpū tōki me ngā pūpū tōki).
Ngā kohuke e pā ana	Kerūsite, angelite, galena, laurionite, paralaurionite, matlockite, pirōmōfite, wulfenite, barite.
Maimoatanga Tikanga	Kāore he pūhiko; whakaputaina hei tāwhai kōmihana rarerangi; whakakorea i te whakaputa ki te kōpae me te whakatīwhenua rorohiko.
He Tauira Rongonui	Kiriata, māmā, āwherawhera, tāwhai kōwhai-kiro rīwai pūtahi o te Pātaka Monteponi, Iglesias, Sardinia, Itaria.
Whakaputanga	I whakapapa i te 1841 e Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann, i te tatau ake o ngā whakarite kemiata o te phosgene (COCl₂), i te wāhanga o te karboni, te oksigen, me te klorin tāwhai i te pūpū.
Whakarōpūtanga Strunz	05.BE.20 (Kāraborito kato i tētahi aniona kōaro, me te halogenu)
Ngā Wāhi Tūturu	Mine o Monteponi, Iglesias, Sardinya, Itāia; Laurion, Attika, Grisia; Cromford, Derbyshire, Ingarani; Touissit, Rōpu Jerada, Moroko; Tsumeb, Namībia.
Te iririkitanga	Kāore he irirangi.
Pāitanga	Korero; e kore he pūhā. Te whakangia i te pūhā ka taea te whakapapa i te pūhā; whakaaetia ki te whakahaere me te whakawatea ngā ringa katoa i muri i te whakahaere.
Tohu & Tikanga	Koiora e whakapapa i te kōwhai o ngā tāngata e hiahia ana ki ngā pūkenga kōhau, he tauira rongonui o te kōhau karotitō; ka tino whakapono i te mātua mō te whakaputanga ake i ngā pūtake kōhau i te wā katoa i Laurion, Grisia.

Koiora heke heke ko te tini o te pūhoro karboniti kloridi o te pūhoro, me te formula pūkohi Pb₂CO₃Cl₂. Ko te tini e mōhiotia i tana whakapapa pūkohi tino rereke, te tāwhai tino iti, me te tāwhai i ngā wāhi whakaputa o ngā pūhoro pūhoro. Ka taea te tini e whakaputa i ngā pūhoro e āhua tino whakapapa ki te pūkohi tino iti, ka taea te whakaputa i te āhua tino iti, karekau, māwhero, kākārua, rānei i te āhua māwhero. Ko ngā pūhoro e whakaputa ana i te pūkohi tino iti, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā āhua pūhoro rite rānei i te āhua tino iti.

Koiora e kōwhiri tāngata e āwhina ana i ngā whakapapa tāngata, engari he wāhanga rānei o te pūkenga tāngata, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūkenga tāngata. Ka taea te whakaputa i ngā pūkenga tāngata ki te whakaputa i ngā pūkenga tāngata, me te whakaputa i ngā pūkenga tāngata ki te whakaputa i ngā pūkenga tāngata. Ko ngā pūkenga tāngata e āwhina ana i ngā whakapapa tāngata, engari he wāhanga rānei o te pūkenga tāngata, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūkenga tāngata.

Ko te ingoa "phosgenite" e hua ana i ngā kupu Rōma "phos" e whakaatu ana i te mātātaki, me "gennao" e whakaatu ana i te whakaproduki, e whakamārama ana i te āhua o ngā kōhau tīpato i te whakaproduki i ngā pango tino waiwhero me ngā tikanga kēmata. Ko te minera i whakapā atu i te 19 rauta, me ngā wāhi tino tīpato i te ao.

Kōrero mō te Whakapapa me te Tuhinga o te Phosgenite

I tāwhai a Phosgenite i te rautaki o te 19th century i te whakaputa i ngā wāhi mōhio i te pūkenga tītiri e kore ai te āhua tino whakamahia o ngā mōhio tītiri tētahi ka taea te kite i ngā mōhio tītiri tētahi i ngā wāhi whakarite o ngā pūtake tītiri. I whakangāwhai ngā mōhio tītiri i ngā taputapu nei i te whakamahia o ngā whakapapa tino whakamahia o ngā mōhio tītiri, e whakapāwhai ana ki ngā mōhio tītiri tētahi ka taea te kite i ngā mōhio tītiri tētahi i ngā wāhi whakarite o ngā pūtake tītiri. I whakangāwhai ngā mōhio tītiri i ngā taputapu nei i te whakamahia o ngā whakapapa tino whakamahia o ngā mōhio tītiri, e whakapāwhai ana ki ngā mōhio tītiri tētahi ka taea te kite i ngā mōhio tītiri tētahi i ngā wāhi whakarite o ngā pūtake tītiri.

Ko te kōhanga tūturu o ngā wāhi tūturu o te pīpī i Aperira, i whakapai ake te pīpī e whakaputa ana i tētahi rautaki o ngā kōhanga tūturu. Ko te tāwhai tūturu mō te phosgenite ko te Pātengi o Monteponi i Sardinya, Itata, i konei i kitea ngā pūtake e whakapapa ana ki ngā pīpī tētahi atu. Ētahi atu wāhi nui e whakapai ana i ngā pūtake i Ingarani, Meksiko, Namibia, Australia, me te Whenua Tawhiti.

Koiora, ngā kōhanga kōiwi e whakaputa ana i ngā whakapapa o te pītia i tēnei wā ka tūhono ki te pītia i whakamahi rite i ngā mātātini, ngā kōhanga kōiwi, te whakaputanga o te kōiwi, me te whakangao. Ko te phosgenite itself kāore i whai whakapapa whakahaere mō te āhua o te kōiwi mātua i te iti o tana tūhono me te whakaputa iti. Te whakapono hoki a te phosgenite i tēnei wā ko te whakaputa kōiwi, te whakaputanga o ngā kōiwi, me te tūhono o ngā kōiwi e torotoro ana i ngā wāhi whakarite kōiwi e whakaputa ana.

Whakaputanga me te Tāwhai Whakauru o te Phosgenite

Ko te whakaputa kōwhai o ngā pūtahi tāone i ngā wāhi whakamua o ngā pūtahi tāone e āhua ana i te pūtahi tāone, ka hua a phosgenite i te whakaputa kōwhai, i te wā e whakapapa ana ngā pūtahi tāone tūturu ki te whakawhiti mai i te wai tāone me ngā momo rongoā kīmihia. Ka tū atu te phosgenite i te whakapapa o te galena (PbS), te pūtahi tūturu o te tāone, i ngā wā e āhua ana ngā iono karboni me ngā iono klorida. I tēnei tau, ka whakapau te sūfūra i te whakapapa, me te whakapapa o te tāone ki ngā whakapapa e āhua ana ngā iono karboni me ngā iono klorida kia hua atu ngā pūtahi kōwhai hou, penei i te phosgenite me ngā pūtahi tāone e tāwhai ana.

Ko whakapapa a te phosgenite i tēnei wā katoa e hiahiatia ana he whakakapi o ngā āhuatanga geology, i taua wā ko te ūmuri o te pīpī, ngā wai karbonate, me te whakapae o te klorin. Ko ngā āhuatanga nei e kitea ana i ngā whenua arid kei te semi-arid i te wā e whakaputa ana te āhua e whakaputa ana i ngā taunekeneke i roto i ngā whenua tawahi. I ngā pūkenga anuanui, ka whakapae te wai tōtara i te āhua e hiahiatia ana i ngā iono klorin, ā, ka whakapai a ngā minera karbonate i ngā pākihi i raro i te whakapai i ngā huinga karbonate.

Ko te phosgenite e hia katoa i raro me ngā whakamahinga tīpā pūtahi o te pīta e whai ana i ngā wāhi whakaputa. Ko ngā whakamahinga tīpā e āhua ana ka whakapā atu ko te cerussite (PbCO₃), te anglesite (PbSO₄), te leadhillite, te hydrocerussite, te smithsonite, me ngā whakamahinga tīpā pūtahi kōpera rānei, pūtahi rīnī rānei i te tino whakapapa o te pūtake. Ko ngā whakamahinga tīpā nei e whakapā atu ana i ngā āhuatanga kimiata i te wā o te whakakore i ngā tīpā pūtahi.

Ko te pūkenga e āhua katoa i ngā wāhi tūturu, ngā whakarere, me ngā wāhi mōhiotia i ngā pūkenga rīro, ā, kei konei ngā whakapapa pūkenga e hāngai ana ki te whakaputa, me te whakapapa o ngā pūkenga. Ko ngā pūkenga phosgenite e āhua katoa ka tino iti te tauira, i te whakamahi i ngā kondishonī kēmu katoa me te whakaputa rānei i ngā pūkenga rīro katoa e āhua katoa ana i te whakaputa tāwhai. Ko ngā wāhi tūturu mō te phosgenite ko te Pūkenga Monteponi i Sardinia, Itata, e hāngai ana ki ngā pūkenga tino pai e kitea ana. Ko ngā wāhi tūturu e whakapono ana ko te Tāwhai Whakaputa Broken Hill i New South Wales, Aotearoa; te Pūkenga Tsumeb i Namibia; ngā pūkenga rīro e whakapono ana i Ingarani; me ngā wāhi tūturu i Meksiko me te Kāwanatanga. Ko ngā pūkenga e āhua katoa i ngā wāhi tūturu e āhua katoa ana i ngā wāhi whakaputa e āhua katoa ana i ngā pūkenga katoa e āhua katoa ana.

Kōwhai Tāwhai me te Whakarite Tūhononga o te Phosgenite

Koiora kōwhai ko te tāwhai pūhōtaka e whakaputa ana i ngā huinga pūhōtaka me ngā huinga halide, ina whakamahi i te klorin i to rautau pūhōtaka. Ko te whāinga pūhōtaka a ia ko Pb₂CO₃Cl₂, e whakaputaina te taua wāhanga pūhōtaka e whakaaetia ana i te pūhōtaka, ngā kōhī pūhōtaka, me ngā iono kloridu e whakamahia ana i te tāwhai pūhōtaka e mohio ana.

Ko te pūwai e whakapapa ana i te pātai tatau tetragonal, e whakapakari ana i te whakarite mōhiotanga e toru rānei i te taha tatau. Ko te mōhiotanga e toru rānei e hāngai ana ki ngā pūwai e āhua pīkau, pīkau, rānei e whakarite ana i te āhua kua whakaritea. Ko ngā pūwai e whakapapa ana nui ka taea te whakaputa i ngā tāwhai whakapapa me ngā wāhanga tāwhai, ā, he iti te tauira o ngā pūwai e āhua tāwhai, āhua tāwhai, rānei. Ko te hangarua tatau o te phosgenite e whakapakari ana i ngā iono pītia e whakapakari ana ki ngā kōhinga karbonate me ngā iono klorin. Ko te rahi nui me te wāhi tāwhai nui o te pītia e hāngai ana ki te wāhi tāwhai nui o te pūwai, ā, ko te whakarite o ngā kōhinga karbonate e hāngai ana ki te whakarite tāwhai me ngā āhuatanga whakapapa. Ko te tāwhai o te klorin e whakapakari ana i te phosgenite i runga i ngā pūwai pītia karbonate katoa, ā, ko te cerussite, e āhua tika ana, engari he kore i te klorin.

Koiora heke kōwhai i te kāwai pūtaiao o ngā tāwhai, pērā i ngā kāwai Dana me Strunz. Ko te whakapapa o te kōwhai kōhī me te halide e whakapai ana i te wāhi o ngā tāwhai pūtahi pūkenga pūpū rite ki te pūkenga pūtahi pūkenga. Ka tūhono te tāwhai ki ngā tāwhai pūkenga pūkenga pūpū rite kāore i te wā ka tūhono i ngā āhuatanga pūkenga me ngā tikanga whakaputake.

Ake a Whakapapa me ngā Tīhemi o te Phosgenite

Ko te tini o te whakapapa o te phosgenite he wāhanga katoa o ngā tikanga pūtake, i te nuinga o ngā wā e whakaritea ana e te rahi o te pūtōrino me te structure tetragonal. Ko te taiao e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā tini kōwhai, kōwhai, māwhiti, kōwhai iti, me te wā ka taea te kōwhai iti, ā, ko te whakaputa e āhua ana i te whakapapa, ngā kōpae, me te whakapapa o te rāwekō. Ko te taiao e āhua ana i te tino whakapapa ki te tino whakapapa, i te tino whakapapa, me te tino whakapapa, ā, ko ngā tini e āhua ana i te tino whakapapa, me te tino whakapapa, ā, ko ngā tini e āhua ana i te tino whakapapa, me te tino whakapapa. Ko ngā tini e āhua ana i ngā tauira tini, tauira tata, me ngā tauira pēpi-karekau, ā, ko ngā tini e āhua ana i ngā tauira tini, tauira tata, me ngā tauira pēpi-karekau, ā, ko ngā tini e āhua ana i ngā tauira tini, tauira tata, me ngā tauira pēpi-karekau, ā, ko ngā tini e āhua ana i ngā tauira tini, tauira tata, me ngā tauira pēpi-karekau.

Me te tāwhai a Mohs o 2.5 ki te 3, ka tētahi pūpū rite tonu a phosgenite me ā rātou whakaputa e āhua tino māmā i te whakaputa i ngā kōrero mātua. Ka tētahi wāhi whakapapa tauranga, e whakaatu ana i te whakatakotoranga o ngā atoma i roto i tana whakapapa pūnaha engari ka tētahi wāhi tino hinga i te whakahaere. Ka tētahi pūpū rite tonu a phosgenite me tētahi tāwhai pūmautia nui o ngā tau 6.1 ki te 6.2, he whakapapa e āhua tino nui o te pūhītara. Ko tēnei tāwhai pūmautia e whakamahia ana hei whakapā mai i te phosgenite i ngā pūpū rite tonu katoa e āhua tino iti a te tāwhai pūmautia.

Koiora tētā kōwhai e whakapapa ana i ngā pāhengia tūturu, e whakapāwhai ana i te whakapapa rereke ki te tatau me te tatau, e hua ana i te tini atamai ka taea te whakapāwhai i te tatau iti. Ko te tatau he wai, me te whakarite e āhua tūturu ki te tatau ki te tatau. Ko ngā tini o ngā tatau e whakapāwhai ana i te tatau tētā me te whakapapa tētā o te tatau, me te whakapapa tētā o te tatau. Ko ngā tatau e āhua tūturu e whakapāwhai ana i te tatau iti me te tatau iti, me te whakapāwhai iti o te tatau iti ki te tatau iti e āhua tūturu ana.

Koiora, he phosgenite ko te whakamahi o te kohatu karboniti o te pītia me te whakamahi o te formula Pb₂CO₃Cl₂. Ko tana rāweka e hāngai ana i ngā iono pītia e whakapakari ana ki ngā kōhinga karboniti me ngā iono kloraidi, e whakapū ai i tētahi rāweka kōhanga tūturu e whakapakari ana i ngā āhuatanga tūturu o te takiwā whakapakari. Ka taea te whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga mā te kōhanga karboniti, i te wā e pū ana. Mā te āhua o te kōhanga, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga mā te kōhanga karboniti, i te wā e pū ana. I roto i ngā kōhanga pītia, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga mā te kōhanga karboniti, i te wā e pū ana. Mā te āhua o te kōhanga, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga mā te kōhanga karboniti, i te wā e pū ana.

Kāwai me ngā taua o te Phosgenite

Koiora heke kua whakapono kia tino pūtake rite ki te pūtake pūtake, engari ka taea te whakaatu i ngā whakapāwhai mōhiotia i te tae, te huinga o ngā pūtake, me te whakaritenga e āhua ana i te whenua pūhuruhuru i roto i te wā e whakapai ana. Ngā whakapāwhai nei e āhua ana i ngā āhuatanga o te whakapai pūtake, ngā pūtake e tāwhai ana, me ngā whakaritenga iti i te tukutuku pūtake.

Koiora tāwhai a phosgenite e whakapōtō ana:

Kīmihia kīmihia whakapapa – Āwhata pātata ki te pātata kia tūhono, me ngā huinga pātata, pātata rānei, rānei pūngāwhā. Ēnei tāruaru katoa i te mātua nui o ngā kai whakaputa kōhihī i te wā ka tūhono ake te pātata me te whakapapa.
Kōwhai rānei te phosgenite – E kī mātua e āhua tūturu rānei i ngā pāwhiri me ngā whakapakoko o ngā pūtake pūhōtia o te pītia. Ēnei āhua he iti ake i te whakapapa pūhōtia engari ka whakapai ake te mōhiotanga e whakapā atu ana ki te whakaputanga pūhōtia.
Whakaputa wāhanga rāneke – Koiora phosgenite e hāngai i te wāhi tūturu he whero rānei, engari ngā pūhanga iti rānei, ā, ngā mōhiotanga katoa ka ū ki te wāhi tūturu ka hua i ngā wāhi kōwhai, kaukau rānei, ā, kaukau kōwhai.
Kapa hui – Ko roopu o ngā kōhanga e whai ana i ngā kiriata o te phosgenite ka tū rāweka ki ngā pūkenga tawhito pēpi, e whakapāwhai ana i ngā whakaputa pūkenga e whakamārama ana i te whakaputaina o te pūkenga.

Ko te phosgenite e korekore kātahi rānei ngā tūemi pūhoro e āhua whakapapa katoa, he māmā te whakamahi i ngā whakapānga o ngā tūemi ki te whakapā mai i ngā huinga pūhoro. Ko te rahi o ngā kōwhai, te tino wāwata, me te whakapapa ki ngā pūhoro katoa he tikanga e whakamahia ana ki te whakamārama i ngā tūemi e pā ana ki te pūhoro.

Kōwhai Kōpae o te Phosgenite

Koiora tūturu e hāngai ana i ngā pūhōhonu tūturu o te lead ki te taha o ngā mīneria tūturu katoa e whakaputa ana i te whakapapa o ngā pūhōhonu tūturu o te lead sulfide. Mā te āhua o ngā mīneria nei e taea te whakaputa i ngā wāhi e hāngai ana ki te phosgenite.

Koiora pūkenga e māmā rawa ana kei te:

Cerussite (PbCO₃) – he kōwhai tāwhai rīwai e pā ana i te phosgenite. Ēnā rīwai e whakapapa ana i ngā wāhi whakaputa me ā rātou whakapapa katoa hei kiriata waihanga, rānei kiriata māwhiti.
Anglesit (PbSO₄) – He pūkenga whakaputa tāwhai kōpi o te sulfate e hua ana i te whakaputa o te galena. Ka taea te kitea i ngā whenua anake i te phosgenite.
Galena (PbS) – te kōwhai tūhonohono pūkenga whakapapa e āwhina i te pūkenga pounamu i te wā o te whakaputanga o ngā pūkenga hou.
Mimetite (Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl) – Kōwhai tāngata arsenate chloride e āhua tūturu ana i ngā pūkenga whakaputa katoa o te tāngata.
Piro-moropaiti (Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl) – he tāwhai kōhī kōpiko e pā ana ki ngā wā hoki o te whakaputa tūmomo tētahi.
Smithsonit (ZnCO₃) – he pūpū kōhīnga karbonītī o tētahi wāhi e āhua ana i ngā taonga pīta me te pīta e whakapai ana i te pūwhenua.

Ngā whakapānga katoa o te phosgenite e āhua ana i ngā wāhi tūturu. I ngā pūhanga tūturu, ka taea te kite i ngā pākī kaha e whakapōtia ana i ngā pāwhiri i ngā pāhoi o ngā pāhoi, engari i ētahi atu ka hua rānei i te tukanga whakamahia e whakapai ana i ngā mīniro pūhoro nui o te pūhoro. Ko ngā whakapānga nei e whakamihia ana e ngā kaiwhakarāpopoto mīniro me ngā rangahaua e whakamātau ana i ngā tikanga whakapāwhai o ngā pūhoro.

Ko whakamārama i te Phosgenite

Ko te whakamahi i te phosgenite e hiahiatia ana, ko te whakaputa i te wāhanga o ngā minera pūtahi pūkenga e āhua tūturu rānei. Ko te whakaputa tika e hiahiatia ana he whakapapa o te tirohanga kōwhai, te tatau pūnaha, me ngā tikanga whakawāhi.

Ngā whakamatautau mōhiotia tuatahi ko te huinga kiriata, te tūnga nui, me te whakaputa ki ngā wāhi whakaputa pūhī. Ngā kiriata o phosgenite e whai ana i te huinga māwhiti ka taea te whakapā mai i te wairua, te wāhine rānei, me te whakapapa tino māwhiti. Ko te tūnga nui ahuatanga nui ake o te 6.1–6.2 he whakamahi tino whaihua, e whakapā ana ki te whakangātanga i te āhua karakara iti. Ko ngā tatau whakapakari me te whakapakari he wāhanga anō e whakapā ana. Mā te whakapakari o te 2.5–3, ko te phosgenite he āhua iti me te taea te whakararu. Ko te whakapakari tika e hāngai ana ki ngā tāwhai māwhiti, engari ka taea te whakararu, ā, ko ngā minera pūhī e tino whakapakari ana.

Ko te phosgenite e hia katoa ki ngā pūhanga pūkenga pēnei i te cerussite, anglesite, me ngā pūhanga pūkenga tawhiti tāwhai pūtahi pūtahi, he whakamātautau kōwhiringa kura katoa e hia katoa. Ko te whakamātautau X-ray diffraction (XRD) e āhua tata ki te whakaputa i tana whakapapa pūkenga, engari ko te whakamātautau kimi mātauranga e whakapāwhai i te hua o te pūtahi, te karbonate, me te chlorine. Ko ngā tikanga rautaki i tēnei wā ka nui ake te mahi mō ngā pūhanga iti, me ngā pūhanga i ngā pūkenga pūkenga iti.

Ko te whakamahi i te phosgenite, he nui anō te whakamahi i te tāwhai o te lead. Kaua e whakaputa i te pūhoro rānei te āhua, me whakakī te kiriata i muri i te whakahaere i ngā taputapu pūkenga.

Kāwai me ngā whakamahinga o te Phosgenite

Koiora tāwhai i te pūhōtaka e hiahiatia ana i ngā whakamahi kōwhai, i te iti o ngā wā, me te āhua o ngā kōwhai iti. Ko te kōwhai e kore ai i te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūhōtaka pounamu rite ki te galena, i te iti o ngā wā. Ko te kōwhai e hiahiatia ana i ngā tauira pūhōtaka, ngā kohinga mōhiotanga, me te whakaritenga pūhōtaka kōaro i te āhua tūturu o ngā pūhōtaka pounamu me te whakapapa ake i ngā pūhōtaka pounamu e whakaputa ana.

I te ao whakahaere i te mātai tōki, ka tūhono i te phosgenite hei tauira mō te tōki karbonātī kōpiko o te pīta e hua ana i te whakaputa i ngā tōki pūtake. Ka tāwhai a phosgenite i te mōhiotanga mo ngā āhuatanga kimiata e noho ana i ngā wāhi whakapakari, ina ko te aronga o ngā iono karbonātī me ngā iono klorīdi i ngā rorohiko wai. Ka whakamahi ngā rangahaukāra i te phosgenite me ngā tōki pūtake e hiahiatia ana ki te whakapā mai i ngā tikanga whakapakari e whakapāwhā ana i ngā pūtake tōki tāwhai i te taha o te whenua. Ka tūhono anō ngā pūtake phosgenite e whakarite ana i ngā kaiwhakarite tōki, he tūhononga tūmāturi me te tūhononga tūmāturi i ngā wāhi tūmāturi. Ko te whakaputaina o ngā tūhononga nui me ngā tūhononga tūmāturi e iti ana, ka whakaputaina ngā pūtake whaihua nui i ngā kōpae, kāore i whakamahi mō ngā mahi whakapapa rānei. Heoi, he pūtake e whakapuaki ana i ngā muhi rānei me ngā kōpae mātauranga hei whakapakari i te taunakitanga o ngā tōki pīta pūtake.

Koiora katoa ko te tāwhai whakapapa i te wā ka whakamahi hoki i ngā whakapapa o te lead carbonate i ngā wā katoa. Engari, te phosgenite e noho ana i te pūkenga rānei i te mātua kōpae kaua i te āhua tino nui i te tāwhai whakapapa i te wā katoa i te wā katoa. I te wā kua hipa, ka whakaritea te phosgenite ki te mātua kōpae me te whakahaere tika i te tāwhai o te lead.

Pukapuka Whakamārama Kohatu

Kohatu whānau