Ahakoa he tohunga mātanga kohatu koe, he kaikohi tioata e hiahia nui ana, he kaingākau rānei ki te mātauranga whenua, he mea whakaihiihi tonu te kimi i ngā kohuke onge. Kei roto i ngā mīharo taiao tino ātaahua me te rapu a te ao ko Haüyne (e whakahuatia ana a-wīni rānei how-WEEN), he kohatu whakapaipai rongonui mō ōna tae kahurangi-poho hiko. E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te haüynite, he kohuke tectosilicate uaua, onge, no te rōpū kohuke sodalite. E tohuhia ana e tōna pūnaha tioata kubiko, he mea rongonui mō tōna tae kahurangi hiko, tino kaha, ahakoa ka kitea hoki i ngā tae kākāriki, kōwhai, hina, tae noa ki ngā momo kore tae. I te taha matū, he konutai konupūmā konumohe silic sulfate konutai me te tātai whānui Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄). E rēhita ana i waenganui i te 5.5 ki te 6 i te tauine pakeke Mohs, he pakupaku, ā, he kanapa karaihe ki te hinuhinu, e pai ana mā ngā kaikohi tūpato, kaua mā ngā whakapaipai o ia rā. He mea whakamīharo, ki te whakamihi koe i te kohatu whakapaipai rongonui o Lapis Lazuli, kua waiho koe hei kaiwhakamihi i a Haüyne; he pono ko ia tētahi o ngā wāhanga kohuke matua e hōmiro ai te tae kahurangi rongonui o Lapis Lazuli. Ahakoa e kitea nuitia ana ngā tauira papatipu, pōuri i roto i te Lapis Lazuli, ko ngā tioata Haüyne māramarama, kounga kohatu whakapaipai e tino onge ana, ā, e whakahaua ana ngā utu nui i te mākete kohatu whakapaipai o te ao.
Ko te hītori o Haüyne e hono pū ana ki te putanga mai o te mātai kōhatu hou i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1800 ki Ūropi. I kitea tuatahitia te kōhatu i te tau 1803 e te tohunga mātai kōhatu Itari a Carlo Giuseppe Gismondi i roto i ngā rangitoto puia o Maunga Somma, e tata ana ki Maunga Vēwhiu i Itari. Nā Gismondi i tapa te kōhatu nei ko “latialite” engari kāhore i whakaputa ōkawa i āna kitenga. I ētahi tau i muri mai, i te tau 1807, nā te tohunga mātai kōhatu o Tenemaka a Tønnes Christian Bruun-Neergaard i whakaahua ōkawatia te kōhatu i muri i tana rangahau i ngā tauira i kitea i ngā tahataha o te Roto o Nemi i Itari. I kōwhiri a Bruun-Neergaard kia tapaina te kōhatu hou ko “Haüyne” hei whakahōnore i te tohunga mātai kōhatu rongonui o Wīwī, he tohunga hoki nō te Hāhi Katorika, a Abbé René Just Haüy (1743–1822). E whakanuia nuitia ana i ēnei rā ko ia te “Matua o te Whakatakotoranga Tioata Hou” mō āna mahi whakahirahira ki te tautuhi i ngā hanganga āhuahanga o ngā tioata, he whakaōrite tika te whakaingoa i tēnei kōhatu kahurangi pūrākau ki a Haüy mō āna takoha nunui ki ngā pūtaiao o te whenua.
Ko te onge rawa o Haüyne nā te tino motuhake me te kōwhitiwhiti o ngā āhuatanga takiwai e hiahiatia ana mō tōna waihanga. He kōhau puia tēnei e whakaputa ana anake i roto i ngā toka pūtuata e haepapa ana ki te alkali, e rawakore ana ki te silica. Ka tioata a Haüyne i te wā e whakamātao tere ana te magma e kore e nui te silica engari e tino whai rawa ana i te konutai, te konupūmā, me te sulfate. Nā te mea kāore i te nui te silica e noho ana hei hanga i te quartz noa, i te feldspar paerewa rānei, ka hangaia e te taiao ngā kōhau “feldspathoid” pērā i a Haüyne hei whakakapi, e kitea ana i te nuinga o te wā e tipu tahi ana me ētahi atu kōhau puia rerekē pērā i te nepheline, te leucite, me te titanite. Nā te mea e hiahiatia ana he tohutaka puia tino motuhake, e kitea ana i ētahi wāhi ruarua noa iho o te ao. Ko ngā Maunga Eifel i Tiamana te taone tino rongonui mō te Haüyne kounga toka, kei reira ngā puia tawhito, kua mate nei te puna pūmau anake o ngā tioata kikorangi tino mārama, e tika ana hei whakairo. I tēnei wā, ko ngā wāhi o mua i Campania me Lazio, Itāria, kei te whakaputa tonu i ngā tauira whakahirahira, ā, ko ngā kitenga iti hou i Tanzania me te kawanatanga o Badakhshan o Afghanistan kua tāpiri i ngā rerekētanga hou ki te mākete. I te mutunga, ahakoa kei te ako koe i tōna hanganga matū motuhake, kei te mīharo rānei ki tōna whānautanga puia mura, ko Haüyne tonu tētahi o ngā taonga tino mīharo me te uaua o te rangatiratanga kōhau.
Ngā momo Haüyne
Ahakoa ko te kohatu hiko, kikorangi-neon te tino rangatira kore e tautohetohe o te kohuke, kei te noho tonu a Haüyne i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā momo i runga i ngā whakakapinga matū iti i te wā e hangaia ana. Nō te raupapa otinga totoka matatini e whakauru ana i ētahi atu feldspathoids e tata ana pērā i a nosean me sodalite. I runga anō i ngā huānga hautanga me te taurite motuhake o te calcium, te potassium, me te sulfate, ka taea e Haüyne te hanga i ngā rerekētanga o te kākāriki emerald hihiko, te kōwhai paki, te hina kōmā, te parauri, tae noa ki ngā tioata kore tae rawa.
Ko te momo kikorangi hōhonu e whai ana i tōna tae waitohu nā te noho mai o ngā katote whakawhitiriira whanariki e mau ana i roto i tōna anga mātao tino hangarite. I tua atu, ko te lazurite—te wāhanga kikorangi matua o te lapis lazuli—he rite tonu te matū me te hanga ki te Haüyne, e kīia ana e ngā tohunga kōhatu e rua ngā taha o te moni kotahi, me te lazurite e mahi ana hei teina whakawhanariki ki te Haüyne e nui ana te whanariki.
Hanganga Karaihe
Haüyne no te pūnaha kirikiri isometric, arā, cubic, ko te tikanga he tino hangarite te whakatakotoranga ngota o roto. Ka puta ake i roto i tētahi anga tectosilicate, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka tio hei dodecahedron, hei octahedron rānei. Heoi, he tino uaua te kite i ngā tio āhua tino tika; i te taiao, ka kitea i te nuinga o te wā he puehu porotaka, he āhua nui rānei e whakauru tika ana ki roto i tētahi toka puia e noho nei hei kaihautū.
Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me te Matū
- Āhuatanga Tinana: Ko te kohuke e whakaatu ana i te wehenga pai i roto i ngā huarahi maha me te whati konukawata motuhake ina whati. He tata ki te 2.4 ki te 2.5 tōna kaha motuhake, ā, e tata ana te taurangi whakaata ki te 1.50, he noho isotropic ā-whiti, arā, ka taea e te marama te haere i roto i te whenua i te tere kotahi i ngā huarahi katoa.
- Te tauhohenga matū: I te taha matū, he tino tauhohe a Haüyne. Ka pā ki te waikawa hāloriki, ka pīrau noa, ka whakatae—he tohu matarohia e whakaatu ana i te maha o ngā kohuke feldspathoid.
- Pūahuru: Ētahi tauira e whakaatu ana i tētahi āhuatanga whatu whakamīharo e kīia ana ko te whitiāhua, e whiti ana he karaka hōhonu, he whero māwhero rānei ina whakapā atu ki te irirangi tāruke roa-ngaru (UV).
Ngā Whakamahinga me Ngā Taupānga
- Ngā taonga whakaritea me te kohikohi: Nā te mea kei waenganui i te 5.5 me te 6 i te tauine Mohs, ā, he tino māhorahora tōna wehenga, e whakaarotia ana he tino pakarukaru mō te whakapaipai tauhokohoko o ia rā, o ia rā (pērā i ngā mōwhiti whakaritenga paerewa). Engari, ko tōna whakamahinga matua kei te mākete kaikohi taumata-teitei me te ao o te tohunga kohatu whakarite. Ko ngā tioata Haüyne tino māhorahora, mārama, he kounga tapahi, ka tino tohunga te tapahi e ngā tohunga tapahi, ka whakauruhia ki ngā whakamau tino tiaki mō ngā tauhere me ngā whakakai hei kākahu mō te wā whakahirahira, kāore e mau i ia rā. Ko ēnei kohatu tapahi tino uaua, ka eke ki ngā mano tāra mō ia karata.
- Pūtaiao Mātai Whenua: I tua atu i te hokohoko kōhatu whakapaipai, he nui te uara pūtaiao o Haüyne ki ngā tohunga whenua me ngā tohunga pōhaku. Ko tōna noho ki roto i ngā hanganga toka, he kōhatu tohu nui, e āwhina ana i ngā kaimātai ki te mapi i ngā mahi puia o mua, me te mārama hohonu ki te hītori whakamātao uaua o ngā magma whai pākawa alkali i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua.