Ko te Hambergite he kōhatu rare o te beryllium borate me te tātai matū Be₂BO₃OH. Kei roto i te pūnaha kōhatu orthorhombic, ā, ka kitea noa hei kōhatu roa, whakarara. Ka taea e ngā kōhatu te kore tae, mā, te mārama ki te haurua-mārama, e ai ki te tauira me te nui o ngā mea iti, ngā taupori ranei. He 7.5 te kaha Mohs o te Hambergite, ā, he 2.35 te taumaha motuhake, e hoatu ana i tētahi hononga o te kaha teitei me te māmā o te kōhatu. Ko te kōhatu he beryllium, boron, oxygen, me te hauora. Ko tōna hanganga kōhatu me tōna koiora matū e whakamārama ana i ētahi o ōna āhuatanga tinana me ngā āhuatanga aho, tae atu ki tōna kaha, tōna wehe, me tōna birefringence kaha. Ka taea te whakaahua i ngā kōhatu mārama hei gemstones, ahakoa he rare te rauemi kounga gemstone. I ngā tauira kōhatu, ka tino mōhiotia te Hambergite mā tōna āhua kōhatu, tōna kaha, tōna taumaha motuhake iti, ngā āhuatanga aho, me tōna hononga ki ngā kōhatu e whai beryllium me boron ana.
Ko te Hambergite he nui ake te hononga ki ngā toka alkaline me ngā taiao pegmatitic o ngā huānga motuhake, kei reira te beryllium me te boron e whakapiki ana. Ka taea te kitea tahi me ētahi atu minere e whai wāhi ana i te beryllium me ngā minere borate. Ko ngā wāhi rongonui ko Norway, Madagascar, Myanmar, me ētahi atu rohe. I tuhia tuatahitia te minere mai i ngā rawa i kitea i Norway, ā, i whakaingoatia ki te ingoa o te minere-mātai Swedia, Axel Hamberg.
Te Hītori me te Kimi a Hambergite
I kīia tuatahi a Hambergite i ngā tauira i kohikohia i Norwei, ā, i whakaingoatia ki a Axel Hamberg (1863–1933), he mōhiohio Māori me te kaipakiwaituhi Swedia. I tautuhia te minere i roto i te rangahau o ngā huinga minere e whai beryllium ana, ā, i whakaaetia hei momo minere motuhake nā tana hanganga matū me ōna āhuatanga tinana. Ko ngā tauira tuatahi i honoa ki ngā pūtake pegmatitic, e noho tahi ana i te nuinga o ngā wā ki ētahi atu huānga rare me ngā minere.
Ia whakamātautau i muri mai i whakatau i te tohatoha o te mīhini ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te ao, tae atu ki Madagascar me Myanmar. He mīhini kore noa te Hambergite, ā, ko tōna puta mai he nui tonu ki ngā taiao pūtaiao motuhake kei reira te beryllium me te boron e whai ana i te nui. Ko ngā rangahau mīhini o te Hambergite i aro ki tōna hanganga kristal, tōna hanganga matū, ōna āhuatanga optika, me ōna hononga ki ētahi atu mīhini e puta ana i ngā kohinga kotahi.
Te Hanga me te Wāhi Āhuahiko o Hambergite
Ka hanga te hambergite i ngā taiao āhuahanga e whai ana i te nui o te berili me te boron, otirā i ētahi pegmatites alkaline motuhake me ngā pūnaha hydrothermal e hāngai ana. Ka puta tōna hanganga i ngā wā mutunga o te crystallization magmatic, ina kohikohia ngā huānga kāore i tangohia ki ngā mīhini o mua ki roto i ngā waiwai toe me ngā wai. Ka neke ēnei wai mā ngā pakaru, ngā kōpae, me ngā wāhanga kua huri o te papa whenua, ā, ka taea e ngā huringa o te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te koiora-koiora te crystallize i te Hambergite. He nui te hononga o te mīhini ki ētahi atu mīhini rare-element, otirā ki ērā e whai ana i te berili, te boron, te lithium, rānei, ngā huānga e hāngai ana.
Ka taea te kite i ngā kōhatu Hambergite i roto i ngā pūnaha pegmatitic, kei ngā wāhi māhunga hoki e wātea ana te wāhi mō te whanaketanga o ō rātou āhua roa motuhake. Ka taea te noho tahi ki a rātou ngā minere pērā i te feldspar, te quartz, te mica, me ētahi atu momo beryllium, ahakoa he rerekē te kohinga minere i waenganui i ngā wāhi rerekē. Kua kīia mai ko Hambergite i puta mai i Norway, Madagascar, Myanmar, me ētahi atu rohe e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga whenua e whai beryllium nui ana. He nui ngā rerekētanga o te rahi, te mārama, te whanaketanga kōhatu, me ngā hononga minere o ngā tauira Hambergite, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga whenua o ia wāhi.
Te Hanganga Kōhatu o Hambergite
Ka whakapapa te hambergite ki te pūnaha krista orthorhombic, arā, e toru ngā tuaka kristalohiko e tika ana ki a rāua anō, engari he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te wae-kē. Ko te hanganga ko beryllium, boron, hāora, me ngā kōpū hydroxyl e whakaritea ana hei anga-toru-ahunga e huri noa ana. Kei te hono te beryllium ki ngā ngota hāora, ā, kei roto te boron i ngā kōpū borate e whakaurua ana ki te hanganga whānui. Ko te whakaritenga me te hononga o ēnei wāhanga hanganga ka hoatu ai ki te minere ōna āhuatanga tinana motuhake, tae atu ki te kaha nui ake me te taumaha motuhake iti.
Ko te whakaritenga o roto o ngā ngota e pā ana hoki ki te āhua kanatapu o waho o te Hambergite. Ka tipu noa hei kanatapu roa, ā, ko te āhua me ngā ōwehenga o ngā kanatapu takitahi ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga i hangaia ai rātou. Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga i te ahunga kristalohia te hanga i ngā rerekētanga i te mahi tinana me te mahi aho, he mea noa mō ngā minere e whai ana i te hanganga orthorhombic. He anisotropic te Hambergite i te aho, ā, ka kitea te birefringence, ko ōna āhuatanga whakatata ka rerekē i runga i te ahunga e haere ana te aho mā roto i te kanatapu. Ka taea te tirohia ēnei āhuatanga hanganga me te aho mā ngā tikanga kristalohia me te minere, ā, ka āwhina ki te wehe i te Hambergite i ngā minere e rite ana te āhua, ngā wāhanga matū rānei.
Te Kōwhai, Te Ātaata, me te Marama o Hambergite
Ko te Hambergite he korekō, mā rānei, he korekō me te āhua mārōiti pango, he āhua mārama rānei. I ngā kristi e whanake ana pai, ka taea te kite i te mineral mā te kristi, kia haere ai te aho mā roto i te kristi me te iti o te wawahi, engari ko ētahi atu tauira he translucent nā ngā pakaru o roto, ngā whakauru, ngā hapa hanganga rānei. Ko tōna luster he vitreous, ahakoa ki ngā mata kristi māori me ngā mata kristi hou. Ko te streak o te Hambergite he mā, ā, ko tōna tae kāore e tino whakapaua e ngā huānga matua o tana hanganga matū. He nui ake te take o ngā rerekētanga o te āhua ki ngā whakauru, ngā whakauru, te huringa o te mata, ngā mineral e pātata ana rānei ki te tauira.
Ko te mārama me te āhua optika o te Hambergite e hāngai pū ana ki tōna hanganga kōhatu. He mīhini orthorhombic anisotropic, nō reira he āhuatanga optika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ahunga, ā, ka kitea te birefringence. Ina tirohia i raro i te aho polarized, ka taea te kite i ngā rerekētanga o te mahi refractive i roto i ngā ahunga kōhatu rerekē, nō reira he whai hua te tirotiro optika mō te tautohu mīhini. Ka taea hoki e ngā kōhatu mārama te whakaatu i ngā rerekētanga o te kanapa me te āhua o roto, e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō rātou ahunga me te āhua o ō rātou mata. I ngā tauira mīhini, ka whakatauria ēnei āhuatanga i te nuinga o te wā i te mea kotahi me te āhua kōhatu, te wehe, te kaha, te taumaha motuhake, ngā āhuatanga refractive, me te koiora-kemikale, kaua e whakamahia hei tohu tautohu takitahi.
Kaha, Wehenga, me te Taumaha Motuhake o te Hambergite
He uaua Hambergite i te 7.5 o te Mohs, e whakaatu ana kei roto i te wāhanga kaha ake o ngā mīhini kāore he rino. Ko tōna uaua e hāngai ana ki te kaha me te hanganga o ngā hononga matū kei roto i tōna hanganga kristo, ā, he āhuatanga whai hua hei wehe i a ia i ngā mīhini māeneene ake e ōrite ana te tae, te āhua rānei o te kristo. He motu motuhake tō te mīhini, e puta ana i runga i ngā papa kristalotiko motuhake, kei reira te hanganga o roto e whakarato ana i ngā hononga pēhia ake. Ka kitea pea ngā mata motu he papatahi, he ōrite tonu, engari ka taea te pakaru irregular ina pakaritia te kristo i ngā ahunga kāore e hāngai ana ki ōna papa motu matua. He nui te āhua vitreous o ngā mata hou, ahakoa ka rerekē te āhua i runga i te kounga me te āhua o te tauira.
Ko te taumaha motuhake o te Hambergite he iti noa, ā, ko te 2.35 te uara i te nuinga o te wā. He uara whakaharahara tēnei ina whakatauritea ki tōna kaha e piki ake ana, ā, e tohu ana i te whai wāhi o ngā huānga māmā, otirā te berilia, ki roto i tōna hanganga matū. Ka taea te whakamahi i te taumaha motuhake ina tirohia ngā kirihou mārama, kāore rānei he tae, nā te mea ka uaua te tautohu mā te kanohi anake ina he ōrite te āhua o ētahi atu minere. I roto i ngā mahi taiwhanga, ka taea te hono i te kīkai, te kaha, te wehewehenga, ngā āhuatanga aho, me ngā āhuatanga kristalorāpi ki te tātaritanga matū hei whakarite i te tautohu tika ake mō te Hambergite.
Ngā Momo me ngā Rerekētanga o te Hambergite
Kāore he maha ngā momo e whakaaetia ana mā te ture mō te Hambergite, i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te hanga matū, me te hanga kirihou. Ko ngā tauira ā-ao noa, ka wehea ki te momo karaihe kotahi, ahakoa ko ngā rerekētanga o te āhua, ka puta mai i te rahi o ngā kirihou, te mārama, ngā taonga kua uru atu, ngā mea kei waho, me te taiao pūtaiao i hanga ai ngā kirihou. Nō reira, mō ngā take o te mineralogy me te kohikohi, ka taea te whakaahua i ngā tauira Hambergite i runga i ō rātou āhuatanga tinana, kaua ki te wehewehe ki ngā momo maha kua whakaritea.
Ko ēhea momo Hambergite e kitea ana i roto i ngā kohinga minera:
- Hambergite mārama – He kōhatu mārama, he tino mā te nuinga, he nui te mārama, he iti ngā pūtake e kitea ana. Ka puta ētahi o ēnei tauira i ngā mata kōhatu tika, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakairo ki ngā wā.
- Hambergite kōtiti – He matū e whakaaetia ana te rama kia haere mā roto, engari kei roto i a ia ngā hapa o roto, ngā kōpaki rānei, ngā pakaru rānei e whakaiti ana i te mārama.
- Hambergite māwhero – He tūāhua mā, he rereke rānei e taea te whai i ngā taonga iti rawa, ngā koretake hanganga rānei, e whakaiti ana i te mārama o ngā kirihou.
- Ngā Kiriata Hambergite Prismatic – He kōhatu roa me te āhua prismatic e pai ana te whanaketanga, e tohu ana i tētahi o ngā āhua kōhatu motuhake o te momo.
- Hambergite Nui Rawa, He Hambergite Kāore E Ōrite – He matūriki e kīhaere ana i te kitea, kei reira ngā hanganga kirihou takitahi he ngoikore te whanaketanga, he uaua rānei te wehewehe nā ngā hononga tahi, te pōhutukawa rānei o te papa.
Ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me ngā āhuatanga matū o te Hambergite
Ko te Hambergite he mīhini borate beryllium me te tātai matū Be₂BO₃OH. Ka whakaputa i te pūnaha kristaro orthorhombic, ā, ka kitea noa hei kristaro roa, ahakoa ka rerekē te āhua o ngā kristaro i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga. He kore tae, he mā rānei te mīhini, ā, ka huri mai i te mārama ki te haurua-mārama. He kanapa vitreous, he tohu mā, ā, he 7.5 te kaha Mohs. He wehewehenga motuhake kei a Hambergite, ā, he tata ki te 2.35 te taumaha motuhake, e iti ana i ētahi atu mīhini e ōrite ana te kaha. Ko te kaha nui o tēnei mīhini me te taumaha iti he tohu o tōna koiora beryllium-nui me tōna hanganga kristaro.
Ko te Hambergite, i te āhua matū, he nui ake te beryllium, te boron, te oxygen, me te hauora, ko te hauora e puta ana hei hydroxyl (OH) i roto i te hanganga. He wāhanga beryllium borate poto noa tēnei mīnera, ahakoa ka taea te kite i ngā huānga iti, i ngā whakauru rānei i ngā tauira māori. Ka puta ngā āhuatanga optika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ahunga mai i tōna hanganga orthorhombic, ā, ka whakaatu te Hambergite i te birefringence kaha ina haere te mārama mā te kristi i ngā ahunga kristalohiko rerekē. He mārama ki te haurua-mārama, ā, he āhuatanga refractive kei a ia e taea ai te tirotirohia mā te mīneropātanga optika. I te tohu mīnera, ko tōna hanganga matū, pūnaha kristi, kaha, taumaha motuhake, wehenga, mahinga optika, me te āhua kristi āhuatanga ka tirohia tonutia i te wā kotahi.
Ngā āhuatanga aho o te Hambergite
Ko te Hambergite he mīhana anisotropic kōaro nā tōna hanganga kristano orthorhombic. He mārama ki te haurongo noa, ā, he kaha ake te birefringence, arā, ka rerekē te whanonga o te aho e haere ana mā roto i te kristano i runga i ngā ahunga kristalohia rerekē. I raro i te aho polarized, ka puta ēnei anisotropy hei huringa kitea i te kanapa me ngā pānga interference ina hurihia te kristano. Nō reira, he ahunga-whakawhirinaki te whanonga refractive o te Hambergite, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga kōaro ka tirohia noa i ngā wāhanga thin, i ngā rawa whakamataku me ngā mea faceted mā ngā tikanga mineralogical paerewa.
Ko te āhua optika o te Hambergite e whakawhirinaki hoki ki te ahunga, te mārama, me te āhua o roto o ngā kōhatu takitahi. Ka taea te kite i ngā āhuatanga optika mā ngā kōhatu mā, kāore he mea kei roto, engari ka taea te wewete i te aho, me te whakaiti i te mārama, e pā ana ki ngā pakaru me ngā mea kei roto. I te tirotiro gemological, ka taea te whakaaro ki te tau refractive, te birefringence, te āhuatanga optic, me te taumaha motuhake, me te kaha me te āhua kōhatu. Ko ēnei āhuatanga e whakarato ana i ngā mōhiohio whai hua hei wehe i te Hambergite i ētahi atu kōhatu mā rānei, he mārama rānei, he ōrite tonu te āhua o waho.
Te noho me ngā wāhi ā-rohe e mōhiotia ana mō te Hambergite
Kua whakamāramatia te hambergite mai i tētahi maha o ngā wāhi iti noa, ā, ko tōna puta mai e piri ana ki ngā taiao horopaki beryllium me boron e kore e noho noa. Ko Norway te wāhi taketake o te minera, i reira i tuatahitia ai i roto i ngā huinga pegmatitic. Ko ētahi atu wāhi kua whakamāramatia kei ētahi wāhanga o Madagascar me Myanmar, tae atu ki ētahi atu wāhi kei reira ngā huinga alkaline, ngā pegmatites rare-element, rānei, ngā pūnaha mineralized e hono ana, e whakarato ana i ngā āhuatanga pai mō tōna hanganga. He nui te hiranga o te taiao horopaki nā te mea he iti noa te beryllium me te boron i roto i ngā huinga minera e hanga ana i ngā kōhatu noa, ā, ka kohikohia anake i ngā taiao magmatic, hydrothermal rānei. Ka rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te hambergite i waenganui i ngā wāhi. E whakaputa ana ētahi depots i ngā kristallo roa, māori, engari ko te rawa mai i ētahi atu wāhi pea he kristallo iti kei roto i te kōhatu matua, e piri ana ki ētahi atu minera rare. Ko ngā rerekētanga i roto i te rahi kristallo, te mārama, te whanaketanga mata, ngā inclusion, me ngā hononga minera e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga matū o te kōhatu matua, me te pāmahana, te pehanga, me ngā āhuatanga wai e kitea ana i te wā o te crystallization. Nā te mea ka puta te hambergite i ngā wāhi horopaki motuhake, kaua ki te wāhi whānui, ko ngā mōhiohio wāhi me ngā minera e piri ana ka whakarato i ngā tohu tāpiri whai hua ina whakatau i ngā tauira māori.
Ngā whakamahinga o te Hambergite
Ko te Hambergite he mea iti noa ngā whakamahinga ā-tikanga, ā, ehara i te kōhatu pakihi nui. He rohe noa tōna puta mai, ā, kāore e wātea ana te rawa māori i ngā rahinga e hiahiatia ana mō te whakamahi nui hei puna beryllium, boron rānei. Nō reira, ko te nuinga o ngā tauira ka rangahaua me te kohikohi mō ngā take miniorohiko. Ka taea hoki te whakairo i ngā kīpapa mārama hei gemstone, ahakoa he mea motuhake te Hambergite whakairohia nā te mea he iti te rawa matū e tika ana, ā, kāore e whānui te whakamahinga o te kōhatu nei ki ngā taonga kororia ā-pakihi.
I roto i ngā kohinga mīhini, ko te Hambergite e whakaaturia ana matua mā ngā kōhatu taketake e whakaatu ana i tōna āhua prismatic, tōna āhua kore-karanga ki te mā, me tōna hononga ki ētahi atu mīhini mai i ngā taiao horihori e kaha ana ki te beryllium me te boron. Ka taea hoki e te tirotiro gemological o ngā rawa mārama te tuku mōhiohio mō tōna kaha, tōna taumaha motuhake, ōna āhuatanga refractive, me tōna birefringence. Ko ēnei āhuatanga e mea ana kia whai wāhi te Hambergite hei kaupapa mō te tautohu mīhini me te rangahau crystallographic, kaua hei rawa pāpāngi e whakamahia whānuitia ana.