Ko te taimana kerei he momo onge o te taimana tae whaihua māori e mōhiotia ana e tōna āhua auahi, konganuku, hiriwa rānei. He rerekē ki ngā taimana kore tae, e whakanuia ana mō te korenga o te tae, ko te āhua ahurei o ngā taimana kerei nā te nui o te hauwai, he iti ake te hauroa, i roto i te whāriki waro i te wā e hangaia ana i roto i te whenua hōhonu. I roto i te ahumana kohatu whakapaipai, ka whakarōpūtia pūtaiao ēnei kohatu hei Taimana Kerei Whaihua, ā, ka arotakea i runga i tō rātou reo me te tino tae. He whānui te kāhui tae, mai i te kanapu kōmā, pōuri o te taimana “Hiriwa” ki te kaha pōuri, whakapōuri o ngā tae “Warou” me “Tīra” rānei. Ahakoa ka kitea ētahi me ngā tae whakarerekē tuarua—pērā i te kikorangi, kākāriki, waireti rānei—he onge rawa ngā taimana kerei parakore, ā, e whakanuia ana mō tō rātou kanapa māhorahora, kore tae e tuku ana i tētahi whiringa hou ki ngā kohatu mā tawhito.
Me pēhea ngā taimana hina e whiwhi tae ai
Pānuitanga Whai Pānga: He aha ngā taimana māori?—Mārama ki ngā taketake o te hanga taimana.
Ko te hanga o te taimana hina he takahanga matawhenua whakamīharo e puta ana i roto i ngā piriona tau ki raro rawa i te mata o te whenua. I roto i tōna ake ngako, he waro ngota te taimana, engari ko ngā taimana hina ka whiwhi i tōna āhua auahi motuhake nā ngā “poke” motuhake e uru ana ki te ranunga i te wā e waihanga ana te tioata. Ko te take tino noa mō tēnei tae hina ko te waiwaro. Inā mau te taumata teitei o te waiwaro ki roto i te hanganga o te taimana, ka whakarerekē i te āhua o te whakauru o te kōhatu i te mārama, e whakaata ana i aua reo konganuku mātao e kitea ana he hiriwa, he waro rānei.
I roto i ētahi āhuatanga uaua ake, ka whai wāhi anō te boron. Ahakoa e rongonui ana te boron mō te whakapara i ngā taimana kikorangi, ki te tika te kukū, ki te whai anō rānei ētahi panonitanga hanganga kei roto i te karaihe, ka mutu te kohatu he āhua hina. He mea nui kia wehewehea ēnei i ngā taimana tote me te pepa; i te mea ko ngā kohatu tote me te pepa he āhua hina nā te mea kī ana i ngā wāhi pango me te mā iti o te waro, ko te taimana hina tino pāpaku e whiwhi ana i tōna tae mai i ēnei huānga ngota moroiti. Ka puta mai he kohatu he maene, he ōrite tōna tae puta noa i tōna tinana, kaua he āhua purepure.
I tua atu i ēnei taunekeneke taumata-ngota, ko te tukanga māori tuatoru e pā ana ki te noho o ngā whakaurunga-moroiti e marara ana i te katoa o te tioata. Ko ētahi taimana hina kāore e whiwhi tae mai i ngā huānga matū pērā i te hauwai, te pūtaiwhā rānei, engari nō ngā miriona o ngā matūriki iti e mau ana i roto i te kōhatu i te wā o te tipu tere. E kīia ana ēnei he whakaurunga-kapua, he iti rawa, he matotoru hoki, e whakamarara ana i te mārama, e whakaputa ana i te āhua pūmahana, auahi rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, he mea hanga ēnei kapua i te pākati—he puka waro i kore e tino huri hei taimana—i te nui o te haukawa rānei. Nā te mea he torutoru noa iho te rahi o ēnei matūriki takitahi, ka taea e rātou te whakakano i te kōhatu katoa ki te hina ōrite ahakoa e whakatauhia ana he āhuatanga ā-roto, kāore he panonitanga matū i te tukutuku o te taimana ’s.
Te rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā taimana hina hauwai me ngā taimana hina boron.
Ahakoa ka taea e te hauwai me te pākōkō te huri i te taimana ki te kiwikiwi, he rerekē rawa ngā hua ataata e mōhiotia ana e ngā tohunga i te titiro tuatahi. Ko ngā taimana kiwikiwi i puta mai i te hauwai te mea tino noa, e mōhiotia ana mō te āhua paku "hinuhinu" he auahi rānei. He maha ngā kōhatu nei e anga ana ki te kiwikiwi mahana, kiwikiwi noa rānei, ā, i ētahi wā ka whakaatu i te āhua pūwaipua, ōriwa rānei i te wā e mau ana ki raro i ētahi rama. Nā te mea he tino noa te hauwai i roto i te koroke o te whenua, he maha ngā taimana nei he āhua māro, he kiwikiwi maitai, e āhua pūkōhatu, e āhua konganuku ana.
Engari, he tino onge ngā taimana hina e puta mai ana i te boron, ā, no te whānau kotahi tonu me ngā taimana kahurangi rongonui. He maha ngā wā kei roto i ēnei kōhatu tētahi āhua mātao rawa, he “hiko” te āhua. Hei utu mō te āhua auahi, ka whakaatu rātou i tētahi kōwhaiwhai hina-kahurangi, hina-hiriwa rānei, e māmā ake ana, e māwherangi ake ana. Ko tētahi atu rerekētanga hangarau nui, ko te kaha o ngā taimana e pā ana ki te boron ki te whakawhiti i te hiko, he āhuatanga tinana kāore i ngā taimana hina o te hauwai. Ko te tikanga, ka puta i te hauwai he āhua waro hōhonu, kapua, ā, nā te boron ka puta he hiriwa whakarewa mārama ake, mātao ake.
Kei hea e kitea ai ngāaimana hina?
Ko nga taimana hina maori e puta mai ana i etahi rohe whakaputa taimana matua huri noa i te ao, ahakoa he uaua te kitea i roto i nga waahi nui o tetahi waahi kotahi. I nga wa o mua, ko te puna tino nui mo nga taimana hina kounga teitei ko te Maina Argyle i te Hauauru o Ahitereiria. Ahakoa i rongonui nuitia mo ana taimana mawhero onge, i puta mai hoki i te Maina Argyle he taimana hina me te hiriwa whai hauwai nui tae noa ki tana katinga i te tau 2020. Mai i tera wa, kua titiro te maakete o te ao ki etahi atu putunga nui hei whakakii i te waahi.
I tēnei rā, ko Rūhia tētahi o ngā kaiwhakaputa matua o ngā taimana hina, inarā mai i te rohe o Siberia. Ko ēnei putunga Rūhia e mōhiotia ana mō te whakaputa i ngā kōhatu e whai ana i te kanapa whakarewa, te kanapa kowhatu rānei. Ko ētahi atu puna pūmau ko Āwherika ki te Tonga, Botswana, me Brazil. Ko ngā taimana hina i kohia mai i ngā maina Āwherika, he maha tonu ngā wā ka whakaputa i ngā tauira nui ake, tera pea e mau ana i ngā ātaahua hina ōrangi, kākāriki rānei. Ahakoa ka kitea i ēnei wāhi maha, ko ngā taimana hina hei whakapaipai he iti rawa te ōrau o te katoa o ngā taimana e puta ana i ēnei maina, nā te mea ko te nuinga o ngā taimana hina e rahuitia ana mō te mahi ahumahi, kaua mō ngā whakapaipai pai.
Te onge o ngā taimana hina māori
I roto i te mākete taimana o te ao, ko ngā taimana hina whakapaipai māori e noho ana i tētahi mokowā motuhake i waenga i ngā kohatu kore tae noa me ngā tae tino onge mārohirohi pēnei i te māwhero, te kikorangi rānei. Ahakoa he ātārangi tuarua te hina e kitea ana i roto i ngā taimana maha, he onge i te tatauranga te taimana “Fancy Gray” pono—ko tētahi e kitea ai te hina hei tae rangatira, ōrite hoki—. Ko te ōrau iti rawa anake o ngā taimana katoa e keria ana ia tau e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga matawhenua motuhake me ngā kukū o ngā huānga tohu e hiahiatia ana kia whakarōpūtia e ngā whare taiwhanga whakapaipai hei tauira hina o te kounga teitei.
Te whakamahinga o ngā taimana hina e horapa atu ana ki ngā ao e rua, mai i ngā whakapaipai taimana tino nui ki ngā hangarau ahumahi matua. I te ao o ngā whakapaipai pai, kua piki ake te rongonui o ngā taimana hina hei whiringa mātaratara ki ngā kōhatu kore tae tawhito. Nā te mea he āhua neutral, he tae whakarewa, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ki ngā mōwhiti whakamoe hou me ngā momo whakapaipai o te ao. He maha ngā wā ka whakauru ngā kaihoahoa ki te koura rohi hei whakaputa i te ātaahua mahana, ki te konukawata rānei hei whakanui i te āhua maeneene, monokarome. I tua atu i tōna ātaahua, e whakanuia ana ngā taimana hina e ngā kaikohi mō tōna ātaahua "hinengaro" ahurei, e whakaatu ana i te ātaahua onge me te ātaahua iti e tu ana i roto i te mākete e tino whakahaerehia ana e ngā taimana mā tawhito. Ahakoa ko ngā taimana hina o te kounga kohatu taimana e rahuitia ana mō ngā whakapaipai, he nui rawa atu te rahi o ngā taimana hina e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakamahinga ahumahi. Ko ēnei kōhatu, e kīia ana he taumata ahumahi, he "bort" rānei, e whakanuia ana mō tōna pakeke tinana tino nui, kaua mō tōna māramatanga ā-kanohi. Nā te mea ko rātou te matū pakeke rawa atu e mōhiotia ana, he mea nui ngā taimana hina ahumahi i roto i ngā rāngai hanga me te hanga whare. Ka whakanōhia ki roto i ngā taputapu motuhake mō te tapahi tika, te oro, me te keri, ā, he mea nui mō te hanga miihini i ngā rauemi kaha i roto i ngā ahumahi waka rererangi me ngā waka. Nā tēnei āhua rua, he kohuke ahurei te taimana hina e mahi ana hei tohu o te whakapaipai hou me te wāhanga nui o te ahunga whakamua hangarau o te ao.
Ko te itinga o ēnei kohatu e whakatauhia ana e to rātou mārama me te kanapanapa. He maha ngā taimana karaehe ahumahi e puta ana he hina nā te nui o ngā whakaurunga o roto, nā ngā “kapua,” engari ko ngā taimana hina kounga kohatu e mau tonu ana i te māramatanga me te mahi o te mārama he iti noa atu. Nā te mea kāore e whakaputaina i roto i ngā rahinga arumoni nui pēnei i ngā taimana mā, he tukanga whiriwhiri te kimi i tētahi tapahanga motuhake, i tētahi takirua taurite rānei o ngā taimana hina. Ko tēnei whakaratonga iti, i honoa ki tō rātou takenga ngota ahurei, e whakanoho ana i a rātou hei kōwhiringa motuhake, kore noa i roto i te whānau taimana tae whakapaipai māori.