Ko te Sillimanite he kohuke parataiao konumohe waikawa kore wai e whai ingoa ana, me te tātai matū Al₂SiO₅, e tohu ana i te pūmātanga-teitei, te pēhanga-āhua o te mutunga o te tōtika polymorphic triad e whai ana ko te Kyanite me te Andalusite. Ahakoa he ōrite matū ēnei momo e toru, ko ō rātou hanganga tioata motuhake—he orthorhombic te Sillimanite—he “ine tere āhuahua” me te ine paemahana mō ngā kaimātai toka; ko te noho mai o te sillimanite e tohu motuhake ana kua pahemo te toka i te parataiao kounga-teitei, i te nuinga o te wā e neke ake i te 600°C. Ka kitea i roto i ngā schist pelite me ngā gneiss, e whakanuia ana tēnei kohuke mō ōna āhuatanga ārai ahi whakahirahira, e mau tonu ana te pūngao hanganga i raro i te taumahatanga wera tino nui, e kore nei e taea te karo mō ngā uku ahumahi taumaha me ngā ārai oumu. I tua atu i tōna whakamahinga ahumahi, kei te whai wāhi nui te sillimanite i te mākete kohatu whakapaipai; ahakoa he tino onge ngā tioata mārama kua whakapaipaitia, ko tōna momo kaka, e kīia ana he “fibrolite,” e whakanuia ana mō tōna chatoyancy whakamīharo. Ka tapatapahia hei cabochon, ka whakaatu ēnei tauira i tētahi āhua “kanohi ngeru” koi, hiraka, e rite ana ki ngā kohatu whakapaipai rongonui ake, e tuku ana i tētahi huinga ahurei o te hiranga āhuahua me te ātaahua tātā pai e tino pai ana ki ngā mātanga kohuke me ngā kaikohi rangatira.
He kohatu whakapaipai a Sillimanite?
Ahakoa he taea e te sillimanite te kiia he kohatu taonga, he iti noa iho tona noho ki te mākete whakapaipai arumoni, nā te huinga o ngā wero pūtaiao e motuhake ana. Kāore i rite ki te quartz e kitea whānuitia ana, ki te sapphire mārō rānei, ka mate te sillimanite i te korenga o ngā tioata nunui, korengia hoki e tika ana mō te tapahi taumata teitei. I tua atu, ko tōna mārō ōrite (e 6.5 ki te 7.5 pea i te tauine Mohs) me tōna wehenga pūtake tino pai, e whakarawe ana kia pakaru i te wā o te mahi tapahi tāwariwari, e hiahiatia ana he ringa tohunga hei ārahi i tōna ngākauwhakapakari hanganga.
Ahakoa ēnei ārai, he mea tino hiahiatia te sillimanite e ngā kaikohi “tohunga” mō ōna āhuatanga whatu motuhake. Ka puta te kohuke i te āhua o te tioata mārama, ka taea te hanga hei kōhatu whai i te kanapa karāhe me ngā tae ātaahua o te kākāriki kōmā, te kōwhai, te waiporoporo-kikorangi rānei. Heoi, ko te momo kiriwhatu, e mōhiotia ana i ngā wā o mua ko “fibrolite,” te mea e tino whakamīharo ana i te mākete motuhake. Ina kotia pūkenga ēnei kiriwhatu matotoru, whakarara hei cabochon, ka puta he chatoyancy whakamīharo, he “karu ngeru” rānei, e whakaaturia ana e te pūhihi koi, hiraka o te mārama e kanikani ana i te mata. I te mutunga, ka noho tonu te sillimanite hei “kohatu a te kaitiro whenua”—e uara ana mō tana mahi hei tohu whakarerekētanga pāmahana-teitei me ōna waitohu whatu onge, kaua mō te kaihokohoko papatipu.
Ko te āhuatanga kara me te whānui o te sillimanite he akoranga matua mō te matū o te huānga paru me te whakahāngaitanga o te kiko. Ahakoa te kore kara o te sillimanite mā te matū, he kaihautū whaihua mō ngā whakakōkōhua whakawhiti whakarewa—tino rawa te rino, te tītani, ā, i ētahi wā te chromium—e whakawhiwhi ana i te kohuke ki tētahi kāreti matatau. Ka tae atu ēnei ki ngā pakitara mākūkū, ki ngā kōwhai whakapakaritia e te rā, ki ngā kākāriki oriwa hōhonu, me ngā puru-whero kākāriki e tino hiahiatia ana, e taea ai te whakataurite ki te ahua o te hapira pai.
Ngā Pūtake Matua o Sillimanite
Ka puta te Sillimanite puta noa i te ao, otirā i ngā rohe e kitea ai ngā toka whakarerekē taumata teitei. Ko ētahi puna rongonui ko:
- Inia
- Hiri Rāka
- Amerika
- Miyanmā
- Parīhi
Ko Sri Lanka, inā rā, kua whakaputa i te sillimanite o te kounga kohatu e tika ana mō te whakapakoko.
Ngā Whakamahinga Ahumahi o te Sillimanite
I tua atu i tōna tūnga i roto i te ao o te gemology, he tino kaha a sillimanite i roto i te ahumahi, e whakanuia ana mō ōna āhuatanga parewai tino pai me tōna kaha ki te aukati i te pā o te matū. Ko tōna whaihua e arahina ana e te ōwehenga alumini ki te silica teitei me te hanganga karaihe e tino pūmau ana i raro i te taumaha wera tino nui. Kāore e rite ki te maha o ngā kohuke e whakawhānui ana, e whatiia rānei i te wā e pāngia ana e te wera nui, ka mau tonu a sillimanite i tōna pūmautanga hanganga me te aukati i ngā pānga pirau o te karaihe whakarewa me ngā waikawa pākaka, nā reira he wāhi matua i roto i ngā mahi whakangao taimaha.
Ko te “makutu” tūturu o te ahumahi o te sillimanite ka puta i te wā e tukinotia ana i te pāmahana tiketike. Inā whakawera ake ki ngā pāmahana e neke atu i te 1550°C, ka huri te sillimanite ki tētahi panoni wāhanga tino nui e kīia nei ko te mullitization. I tēnei tukanga, ka pirau hei mullite (3Al₂O₃ · 2SiO₂) me tētahi wāhanga silica wē. Ko te mullite he kohuke āhua ngira onge i te taiao, engari he “rauemi-tino” i roto i te ahumahi, e uarūtia ana mō tōna roha pāmahana iti, tōna ātete ngokingoki teitei, me tōna kaha pūkaha tino pai i ngā pāmahana teitei.
Nā reira, ko te sillimanite te rawa matua mō ētahi whakamahinga tino pai:
- Ngā Kōhatu Whakapāka me ngā Kāpiki Umu: Ka hangaia e ia te “pūtinana” whakamarumaru i roto i ngā umu pupuhi, ngā umu raima, me ngā ipu whakarewa karaihe, i reira e tika ana kia tu atu ki te hurihanga waiariki tonu me te horonga matū.
- Keramika Tika: Ka whakamahia ki te hanga i ngā whakamotu o te pūkākā, ngā kāpura taiwhanga, me ngā uku hiko tino torotika.
- Whare Whakarewa me te Whakaputu: Ka whakatoi ai ki te “puehu sillimanite” hei hanga i ngā pokepoke mō te whakarewa maitai tino tika, e whakapūmau ana i te whakaoti maeneene me te tika o te rahi.