Papagoite

Ko te Papagoite he kohuke parahi silicate tuarua tino onge, e tino whakanuia ana i te ao kohatu mo te hanga i nga whakauru kikorangi hiko e kiia nei he "wairua" i roto i nga tioata kiripaka marama.

He katoatoa o ngā raraunga Papagoite e pā ana ki te whaipara me te whakapaipai
Tātai Matū	CaCuAlSi₂Kia ora, he kaiwhakamāori paetukutuku ngaio koe. Whakamāoritia te kuputuhi mai i te en_US ki te mi. Kia rite tonu te hanganga HTML, ngā wāhi pupuri, ngā hononga, ngā waehere poto, ngā taurangi, ngā tau, me te hōputu tohu. Whakahokia anake te kuputuhi kua whakamāoritia, kaua he whakamārama, he tohu rānei.₆(OH)₃
Momo o te momo	Cyclosilicates (Ngā Silicates Mōwhiti)
Whakaaturanga	Monoclinic; Prismatic (Class: 2/m)
Te tikanga karaihe	Ka puta mai hei whakahiatotanga moroiti, hei kirinuku, hei whakaurunga rānei ki roto i te Kiripaka.
Kohatu whānau	N/A (Kohuke kohuke o te kaikohi)
Āwhi Tae	He kōwhai kōwhai te kikorangi cerulean ki te kikorangi māmā; he maha ngā wā ka puta he "kōwhai" kikorangi i roto i te Quartz
Te pakeke o Mohs	5.0 – 5.5
Rārangi	Puru māwai
Te Tauākī Whakaata (RI)	Kia ora, he kaiwhakamāori paetukutuku ngaio koe. Whakamāoritia te kuputuhi mai i te en_US ki te mi. Kia rite tonu te hanganga HTML, ngā wāhi pupuri, ngā hononga, ngā waehere poto, ngā taurangi, ngā tau, me te hōputu tohu. Whakahokia anake te kuputuhi kua whakamāoritia, kaua he whakamārama, he tohu rānei._α = 1.607, n_β = 1.641, n_γ = 1.672
Pūāhua Tirohanga	Whakarua (–)
Birefringence / Pleochroism	0.065 / Kaha: Kāore he tae, kikorangi mākūkū ki te kikorangi hōhonu
Whakamararatanga	Kaha (r > v)
Tūāwhiora Whakauru	Ehara i te tohu mate; he tae i ahu mai i te Parahi (Ku²⁺)
Whitiā	He kore mahi noa (ka puta he kōwhaiwhai mēnā e hono ana ki te pūtake tauhohe, ki ngā kohuke tuarua rānei)
Te Taumaha Motuhake (SG)	3.25
Whakakā (Pōrihi)	Vitreous (Karaihe)
Māramatanga	Pūata ki te pūataata (ka kitea he whakauru pōuri)
Wehenga / Whatiwhati	He pai ki runga {100}, He pai ki runga {010} / He anga anga
Pakeke / Toa	Kirikā
Ngā Āhuatanga o Roto / Ngā Āhuatanga o Roto	He maha tonu te kitea hei whakauru atua-rite, he "pūputu" rānei i roto i te Kiripaka Mārama
Te rewa	He āta memehu ki ngā waikawa
Pūmau	He pūmau i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa; he tairongo ki te wera nui
Ngā kohuke e pā ana	Ajoite, Quartz, Shattuckite, Baryte, me Hematite
Maimoatanga Tikanga	Kāore he mea; he uaua te whakapūmau i te toka kāinga mō te whakamahi lapidary
Etymology	Ko te ingoa i ahu mai i te iwi o Papago (Tohono O'odham) e noho ana ki te rohe i kitea ai.
Whakarōpūtanga Strunz	09.CE.05 (Silika: Pūtaiao Silika me ngā mowhiti kotahi e 4-ngā mema)
Ngā Wāhi Tūturu	Te Pākete o New Cornelia (Ajo, Arizona, USA); Te Pākete o Messina (Musina, Āwherika ki te Tonga)
Te iririkitanga	Kāore he whakamārama Kore-ā-irirangi
Tohu & Tikanga	E mohiotia ana he kōhatu "rangimārie me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero," e whakaponohia ana hei āwhina i te kōrero pono me te mārama me te aroha. I runga i te tikanga metapika, ka whakamahia hei hono i te ngākau me te korokoro chakra, e whakatairanga ana i te whakaora kare-ā-roto me te hononga wairua.

Ko te Papagoite tētahi o ngā kohuke parāone tino ātaahua me te whakamīharo ki te hunga kohikohi me te hunga e aro nui ana ki ngā kōhatu utu nui. E whakanuia ana mō tōna tae kikorangi-hiko, he mea onge tēnei kohuke, e noho ana i tētahi wāhi motuhake i roto i te mātauranga kohuke me te ao o ngā tauira kohuke tino nui. Ahakoa he uaua te kitea i te āhua o te tapahi, nā te onge me ngā here o te tinana, kua aro nui te papagoite mō ōna whakaurunga whakamīharo i roto i te kiripaka me tōna āhua whakairoiro motuhake.

He aha te Papagoite?

Ko te Papagoite he kohuke cyclosilicate tino onge, tino oraora, e tino rongonui ana mo tona tae hiko-puru e whiti ana me te ahua o te ao ke. I kitea tuatahitia i te tau 1960 i Ajo, Arizona, i whakaingoatia hei whakanui i te iwi Tohono Oʼodham (i mohiotia i mua ko te Papago) he tangata whenua o taua rohe. Ahakoa he matatini te matū he calcium copper aluminum silicate, ko tona tino ataahua kei roto i tona onge me tona whakaaturanga whakamīharo hei whakaurunga ngira-iti i roto i nga tioata quartz maramara—ina koa mai i te maina rongonui o Messina i Awherika ki te Tonga. Na te mea kua roa kua pau nga puna matua mo nga tauira kounga teitei, kua noho te papagoite hei “taonga tapu” mo nga kaikohi kohuke, e whakanuia ana mo tona tae parahi e whakakorikori ana me tona ahua moemoea ina mau ki roto i nga “wairua” tioata.

Whakarōpūtanga Kōhuke me te Matū

Ko te Papagoite he kohuke konukura konumohe waikawa wai, me te tātai matū e tika ana ko CaCuAlSi2O6(OH)3. Nō te karaehe kohuke waikawa, inarā i roto i tētahi rōpū uaua o ngā kohuke mekameka. Ko te tae kikorangi hōhonu ka puta mai i ngā katote konukura (Cu2+), nā rātou ngā panoni hiko i roto i te whāriki tioata e whakauru pūwāhi ana i ētahi wāhanga o te tūāwhiorangi kitea, e whakaputa ana i te tae kikorangi kanapa o te kohuke. Ko tēnei taunekeneke motuhake ki te mārama te mea e hōmiromiro ai te kohuke, e wehewehe ana i a ia i ētahi atu kohuke konukura e pīataata ana ki te kākāriki, ki te kōwhai rānei.

Ka whakatio te kohuke ki roto i te pūnaha karaihe monoclinic (ahakoa i ētahi wā ka kōrerohia e pā ana ki ngā hangarite tetragonal i roto i ngā rangahau hanganga motuhake), i te nuinga o te wā ka hanga i ngā tioata porohītaha roa, i ngā whakahiato kirikiri rānei. Heoi, he onge rawa ngā tioata pai kua hanga e kitea ana e te kanohi tahanga. I te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga whenua, ka kitea te matū hei whakaurunga moroiti e mau ana i roto i ētahi atu kohuke kaihautū, hei papatipu oneone kiato rānei. Ina puta ēnei whakaurunga i roto i te kiripaka mārama, he maha ngā wā ka hanga i ngā rehu whiti, i ngā "rā" rānei e tino rapuhia ana mō ō rātou uara ātaahua me te pūtaiao.

Ko te whānuitanga o te Papagoite: Ki tua atu i te atarangi kotahi

Ahakoa e rongonui ana te papagoite mō tōna kikorangi hiko rongonui, tōna kikorangi hōhonu rānei, e whakaatu ana tōna āhua whaihua me tōna āhua kitea i tētahi kāhui tae e toro atu ana ki tua atu i te tae kotahi. Ko te tae o te kohuke e hora ana i te whānuitanga mai i te kikorangi hōhonu, ki te kikorangi kanapa mārama. I raro i ngā āhuatanga mārama motuhake, ko te noho o te parahi i roto i tōna hanganga matū ka taea te whakaputa i te tae kikorangi-mātotoru iti, ahakoa he iti ake te kaha o tēnei hīkoi kākāriki i tōna hoa rongonui, a ajoite. Ina whakamātauria mō tōna kiri, ka whakahekehia te kohuke ki te paura kikorangi māhorahora.

Ko te whīwhīwhīwhī o te papagoite e whakanuia ana e tōna hononga ki ētahi atu kōhatu me tōna hanganga ā-roto. I roto i ngā tauira kohikohi o te ao, he maha ngā wā e noho tahi ana te papagoite me te ajoite, e whakaatu ana i te kākāriki pūkohu māeneene, i te kākāriki turquoise rānei. Ina whakairihia ngā kōhatu e rua ki roto i tētahi kiripaka mārama kotahi, ka hangaia he whenua moemoeā o ngā kikorangi hōhonu me ngā kākāriki māeneene e hono ana. I tua atu, i raro i te tirotiro whāiti, he maha ngā wā e kore e ōrite te tohatoha o te kikorangi nā te wehenga ā-roto, nā ngā rerekētanga hanganga rānei, e whakaatu ana i ngā kāhui o te kaha rerekē. Hei whakamutunga, ahakoa ko tōna "wairua" he kikorangi kotahi, he kikorangi tino kaha, e tuku ana te papagoite i tētahi ao ā-roto o te tae.

Papagoite: Te Hanganga me te Putanga Gemological

Ko te hanganga o te papagoite he tukanga matū whenua matatini e puta ana i roto i ngā rohe whakapākūkū tuarua o ngā putunga parahi, inarā i ngā taiao e whai ana i te silica hohe. Hei kohuke tuarua, kāore e puta i te whakamaoritanga matū o te wā tuatahi, engari mā te huarere matū roa o ngā kohuke parahi tuatahi ina pā ana ki te hāora me ngā wai āwhā. Me whakakotahi ngā pūngoi motuhake—te konupūmā, te parahi, me te konumohe—i raro i ngā paepae pēhanga me te pāmahana tika i roto i te taiao kī tonu i te silica kia taea ai tēnei kohuke matatini te whakakoeko.

I roto i te horopaki tohunga kohatu, e rongonui ana te papagoite mō tōna putanga waiariki, e mau ana hei whakaurunga ki roto i nga tioata kiripaka e tipu ana. E kitea nuitia ana tenei i te Messina Mine o Awherika ki te Tonga, i reira nga wai parahi e rere ana i roto i nga uaua kiripaka kua whati. I te wa e puta mai ana nga tioata kiripaka mai i te wairewa waiariki, ka mau nga pupuhi iti o te papagoite ki roto i te kaihautu, he maha nga wa ka hanga "phantoms" e whai ana i nga wahanga tipu o te tioata o mua. Na te mea he uaua te tutuki o enei ahuatanga matawhenua motuhake, a kua mutu te mahi a nga waahi hitori tuatahi, he mea onge tonu te hanganga o te papagoite kounga teitei i roto i te rangatiratanga kohuke.

Te Whakamahi Whakapaipai me te Tūnga Whakahāngai

Ahakoa tōna tae whakamīharo e waiho ana hei kaitono whakapoapoa mō ngā whakapaipai, he uaua te whakamahi i te Papagoite i roto i ngā whakairo mata tawhito nā ōna āhuatanga tinana. Nā te iti o tōna pakeke me te āhua o te puta mai i ngā whakaranu pakarukaru, pēnei i te muka, ka taea te whati i te kōhatu i raro i te pēhanga o ngā taputapu tapahi ngaio. I tua atu, nā te mea kāore e kitea ana i roto i ngā tioata nui, mārama, kāore e taea te whakaputa i ngā kōhatu whakairo nui. Engari, e whakanuia ana i te ao whakapaipai hei "kiripaka whakauru," i reira te kiripaka pakeke e noho ana hei whakangungu mō ngā "wairua" papagoite kikorangi ngāwari o roto. Ko ēnei tauira ka tapahia hei kōhatu porotaka, hei tohu whakamahine rānei hei whakaatu i ngā whenua o roto me te kore e whakamate i te kōhatu ake. Mō ngā whakakapinga i tipu ai i te whare taiwhanga, kāore anō kia puta he Papagoite waihanga i te mākete arumoni. He tino uaua, he nui te utu hoki te whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga whenua e hiahiatia ana hei whakataurite i te konukura, te konumohe, te konupūmā, me te tioata ki tēnei whakatakotoranga tioata motuhake i roto i te whare taiwhanga. Ahakoa kei reira ētahi karaihe "kikorangi-whakauru" tinihanga, kiripaka tae rānei, ko te papagoite pono tonu he taonga māori, e whakanuia ana e ngā kaikohi mō tōna onge me te meka kāore e taea te whakaputa nuitia e te tangata.

Ko ngā Puna Matawhenua o Papagoite

Ko Papagoite he kohuke tino onge noa iho, he torutoru noa iho nga waahi kua tuhia ki te ao. Ko tona putanga he herea ki nga taiao whenua motuhake e paheko ai nga wai parahi ki nga toka manaaki hiwiri teitei.

Ko te Maina o Messina, Awherika ki te Tonga:Ko tēnei te puna rongonui me te whakahirahira o te papagoite kounga-kohatu. Koinei anake te wāhi e mōhiotia ana mō te whakaputa i ngā tioata kiripaka “wairua” rongonui, kei reira ngā puia papagoite kikorangi e mau ana i roto i ngā tohu kiripaka mārama.
Ajo, Arizona, USA: I kitea tuatahitia te kohuke, ka whakaingoatia ki konei, inarā, ki te New Cornelia Mine i Pima County. Ahakoa e noho ana hei wāhi momo, ko te nuinga o ngā rawa e kitea ana i konei he kirinuku angiangi, he tioata moroiti rānei i runga i te matrix, kaua ki ngā whakaurunga nui.
Namibia:Kua whakapuakina etahi ahuatanga iti i te Paparahi o Kaokoveld. He onge enei tauira, a he maha nga wa ka kitea te papagoite e hono ana ki etahi atu kohuke parahi tuarua penei i te malachite, te shattuckite ranei.
Slovakia:Kua kitea etahi ahuatanga putaiao iti i te rohe o L’ubietová (Libethen), engari ko enei he mea nui ki nga tohunga kohuke, kaua ki nga kaikohi.

Nā te mea kua roa e kati ana, e waipuke ana te Maina o Messina, kāore he rauemi hou e keria kaha ana i tōna puna matua. Nā tēnei whakaratonga iti, me te kore o ngā kitenga hou i ētahi atu wāhi, kua ū te mana o te papagoite hei tētahi o ngā kohuke tino "motuhake-ki-te-wāhi" me te uaua rawa atu i te ao.

Te utu me te uara o Papagoite

Ko te Papagoite e kiia ana he kohuke kohikohi taumata-nui, ko tōna uara mākete e whakatauhia ana e tōna tino onge me tōna ātaahua whakamīharo. Nā te mea kua kore e mahi te Maina o Messina—tōna pūtake tino nui—ā, kua waipuke mō ngā tau, ka whakawhirinaki te mākete o te ao ki te tino iti o ngā tauira mai i ngā kohinga tūmataiti tawhito. Nā tēnei korenga o te tuku, me te piki haere o te hiahia mō ngā kohuke kahurangi hiko, kua piki haere te utu o ngā wāhanga kounga teitei. Ko te uaratanga o tētahi wāhanga motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi āhuatanga matua, ko te kaha o tōna tae me te āhua o tōna hanganga. Ko ngā whakaurunga kahurangi hiko mārama ake, kaha ake e whakahau ana i ngā utu tino teitei ake i ērā e pūahoaho ana, e kōmā ana rānei. Mō ngā tauira e mau ana te kohuke ki roto i te kiripaka, ko te mārama o te kiripaka kaihautū te mea nui; ko te kiripaka wai-mā e whakaatu mārama ana i ngā rā o roto, i ngā rehu whiti rānei, e kiia ana ko te paerewa koura mō ngā kohikohi. I tua atu, ko ngā tauira e whakaatu ana i te hononga rua—e mau ana i te kahurangi hōhonu o te papagoite me te kākāriki-māota ngāwari o te ajoite—e kiia ana ko te tino taumata o te kohikohi kohuke, ā, ka taea te utu nui rawa atu i ngā hokohoko. E whakaatu ana ngā āhua o te mākete i tēnei wā i tēnei motuhaketanga, ko ngā tauira iti, taratara rānei e $35 ki te $300 te nuinga, ko ngā cabochon oroi o te papagoite-i-roto-kiripaka ka hoko atu i waenga i te $15 me te $90 mō ia karati. Ko ngā tauira rahi, whata-ahua noa iho kei waenga i te $300 me te $2,500, ahakoa ko ngā kiripaka taumata-whare taonga e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaurunga wairua nui, āhua pai rānei, me ngā whakakotahitanga onge ki te ajoite, ka tīmata i te $3,000, ā, ka eke ki te $30,000 mō ngā tauira taumata-ao.

Mā ngā kaikohi, ko tētahi wāhanga kiripaka e mau ana i te papagoite, ehara i te mea he pūhā o te tae anake; he mahi toi nō te taiao, i reira te kaha o te kiripaka me te kanapa o te parahi e whakakotahi ana hei hanga i tētahi whenua kikorangi hiko, e kore e mimiti.

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