Ko Kohatu Marama he mema o te ropu kohuke feldspar, ā, e mohiotia whānuitia ana mō tōna āhuatanga whatu motuhake e kiia nei whitiāhuahe whitiwhiti māeneene, mānehe e puta ana ki te mata o te kowhatu ina tirohia mai i ngā koki rerekē. Ka whakaputa tēnei pānga i te āhua “pīataata o te marama” o te kowhatu rangi, ā, koinei te take nui i whakanuia ai ki roto i ngā whakapaipai mō ngā mano tau.
Te Hanganga Mātai Kōhatu me Te Ahupūngao o te Marama
Mai i te tirohanga mātai kōhatu, ko te moonstone he momo orthoclase feldspar kei roto i a ia ngā paparanga moroiti o te albite e takahurihuri ana. Ko tēnei hanganga paparanga te hua o whakawehenga—he tukanga e whakaranu ai ngā kohuke e rua i ngā pāmahana tiketike, ka wehe ki ngā paparangi tauritenga, rerekē hoki i te whakamatao o te magma.
Ko te ahupūngao o te mārama he take o te whakawhanaunga me te marara o te marama:
- Whakamararatanga Rayleigh: Ka kuhu te marama ki roto i te kōhatu, ka pā ki ēnei paparanga moroiti.
- Te Matotoru o te Papa: Ko te matotoru o ēnei kiriiti o roto e tohu ana i te tae o te adularescence. Ko ngā papa tino angiangi e whakaputa ana i te kanapa kahurangi e hiahiatia ana, engari ko ngā papa mātotoru ake ka puta he pākākā, he mā rānei te āhua “adularia”.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Kohatu Marama
I roto i ngā kupu tohu kōhatu, ka whakarōpūtia te kowhatu marama hei kowhatu feldspar me te roa o te kaha, e tika ana mō ngā whakapaipai ina tika te whakatakoto me te āta whakahaere. Tōna pakeke Mohs e āhua 6 ki te 6.5, e taea ai e ia te ātete i ngā mārō iti engari ko te tikanga he nui ake te whakaraerae i ngā kowhatu mārō ake pēnei i te haona me te taimana. Nā reira, he pai ake te kowhatu marama mō ngā whakakai, ngā tautau, me ngā mekameka, mō ngā mōwhiti rānei e hoahoatia ana ki ngā whakangungu tiaki.Ko te tikanga ka whakaatu te kowhatu marama i te taupū whakaata e 1.518 ki te 1.526, me te kaha motuhake e 2.56 ki te 2.59, he uara e ōrite ana ki te hanganga feldspar orthoclase–albite. Ko tōna āhua whatu e whai wāhi ana ki te kanapa hei karaehe ki te peara, e whakarei ake ana i te āhua ngāwari, mārama o te kowhatu, kaua ki te tīrama koi. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga hanganga tino nui o te kowhatu marama ko tōna wehenga tino tika, he āhuatanga e kitea ana i roto i ngā feldspar, e whakapātaritari ana i te kowhatu ki te whakakopa, ki te pakaru rānei ina pā te pānga ohorere.
Nā ēnei āhuatanga, me whakaaro nui te tapahi, te whakanoho, me te tiaki roa o te kōhatu marama. Ko te tapahi cabochon te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana, nā te mea e whakaatu pai ana i te adularescence me te whakaiti i te pōkaikaha ki ngā papa wehenga. I roto i te hoahoa whakapaipai, ka whakanohohia te kōhatu marama ki ngā bezels, ki ētahi atu whakanoho whakamarumaru rānei hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kino, inā koa i roto i ngā mōwhiti me ngā poroporo e mau tonu ana.
Ngā Tae Me Ngā Momo O Te Pōhatu Marama
Ko te moonstone e puta ana i roto i ngā tini tae o te tinana, tae atu ki te kore tae, te mā, te hina, te pītiti, te parauri, me te kākāriki. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā kōhatu tata-kore tae e whakaatu ana i te āhina purū mārama e whakaarohia ana he mea tino nui i te mākete kōhatu. Ka whai wāhi nui hoki te māramatanga ki te aromatawai uara; ko ngā kōhatu e mārama ana ki te āhua-mārama me te whiti kaha, ōrite te pokapū, he pai ake i te wā nuinga i te kōhatu kapua, te puhoro rānei.
Te Hanganga me te Putanga Matawhenua
Ko te ahua o te moonstone e puta mai ana i nga waahi whenua e ki ana i te feldspar e whakawera ana i te kowhatu, i reira ka whakamataohia te kowhatu whakarewa kia kaha te whakamatao kia taea ai te wehewehenga o nga wahanga minerario ma te tukanga e kiia nei ko te exsolution. I tenei wa whakamatao, ka wehewehe haere te tioata feldspar i te tuatahi i roto i nga papanga whakauru o te orthoclase me te albite. Ko enei lamellae moroiti ka whai waahi ki te ahuatanga whatu o te adularescence, i te mea ka taunekeneke te marama ki nga hanganga minerario rereke i roto i te kohatu.
Ko te moonstone e tino hono ana ki ngā pegmatite kiripaka me ētahi atu toka ahi-whakapapa e tino kitea ana te feldspar, e taea ai te tipu nui o ngā tioata nā te wā roa o te whakamatao. Ko te kounga o te whakapaparanga o roto—otirā te matotoru, te auau, me te takotoranga o ngā lamellae albite—he mahi nui ki te whakatau i te kaha me te tae o te tiaho e kitea ana i roto i ngā kohatu whakapaipai kua oti. Ko ngā kohatu i hanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao pūmau me ngā paparanga pai rawa, ōrite, ka nui ake te whakaatu i te adularescence kahurangi e hiahiatia ana i te tauhokohoko taonga whakapaipai. Ko ngā puna hokohoko nui o te moonstone ko Sri Lanka, Inia, Madagascar, Myanmar, Ahitereiria, me ētahi wāhanga o te Hononga o Amerika. Kua roa a Sri Lanka e kīia ana ko tētahi o ngā kaihanga tino nui o te moonstone kounga teitei, inarā ko ngā rawa e whakaatu ana i te tiaho kahurangi kaha me te māramatanga pai. He kaihoko nui hoki a Inia, e whakaputa ana i te whānuitanga o ngā tae tinana pērā i te peach, te hina, me te parauri, e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā taonga whakapaipai whakapaipai me ngā taonga hoahoa. Kua noho a Madagascar hei puna hou nui ake i ēnei wā, e kohikohi ana i te moonstone orthoclase me ētahi atu kohatu feldspar e pā ana ki te mākete o te ao.
Hei ngā rā o mua, i whakanuia nuitia te kohatu marama kahurangi me te whiti kikorangi i ahu mai i Myanmar, ahakoa kāore e tino kitea ēnei momo taonga ināianei. Ko ngā putunga iti kei ngā rohe pērā i Nōwei me te Hononga o Amerika e whakarato ana i ētahi rahinga iti, e rapua ana e ngā kaikohi, kaua e te hanga whakapaipai mā te mākete whānui. Hei whakarāpopoto, ko te takenga whenua o te kohatu marama ka whakaawe tēnei i te tae, i te māramatanga, tae atu ki te kaha me te āhua o tōna pānga adularescent, nā reira ko te pūtakenga he whakaaro anō hei arotake i te kohatu.
Ngā Āhuatanga o Roto me te Tautuhi
I raro i te karu a te kaiwhakapaipai, i te miihiniiti rānei, ka whakaatu te kowhatu marama i ōna “tohu whānau.” Ko te āhuatanga tino tohu ko te “titi” whakaurunga—ngā whāwhatanga iti, nā te ahotea i puta mai, e rite ana ki ngā pepeke whai waewae maha.
He mea nui te wehewehe i te kōhatu marama māori i ngā mea whaihanga:
- Opalite (Karaihe): He maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i ngā mirumiru, ā, kāore i te whai i te nekehanga “ā-arahi” o te adularescence pono.
- Kōhatu Hangaia / Whakakikorua: He maha nga wa e whakaatu ana i te uira anake i te mata, e kore e “huri” i roto i te kohatu.
Tiaki Ngaio me te Whakatikatika
Moonstone he tairongo ki ngā taumaha taiao. Ko tōna whakaraunga ki te wera me ngā matū, te tikanga kia kaua rawa e horoia ki roto i te horoi oro me te horoi mamaoa, i te mea ka taea e ngā wiriwiri te whakaoho i ngā whati wehenga.
Mō ngā taipitopito, tēnā tirohia tō mātou Aratohu Tiaki Kohatu.
I tēnei rā, he kōhatu whakapaipai nui tonu te marama i roto i ngā whakapaipai pai rawa atu me ngā kohinga kaihoahoa. Hei tētahi o ngā kōhatu whānau mō Hune e mōhiotia ana, ka mau tonu tana waimarie ki ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i ngā whakapaipai whai tikanga, tohu hoki. Ko tana whanonga whatu ahurei, ko te whānuitanga o ngā utu e taea ana, me tana hītori ahurea roa—mai i ngā tikanga o Rōma tawhito me Inia ki ngā hoahoa hou o nāianei—kei te noho tonu te marama hei tētahi o ngā kōhatu whakapaipai feldspar e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, e whai pānga arumoni ana hoki i te maakete o te ao.