Moldavite

Ko te Moldavite he karaehe tino onge, māori i puta mai i te taiao, e mōhiotia ana e te pūtaiao he tektite. I whānau mai ngā tektite i ngā tūponotanga whakamomori: ka puta ina pā atu te matakōkiri nui ki te whenua me te kaha e rewa tonu ai te toka whenua e karapoti ana, ka whakauru rawa atu ki te matū o waho o te whenua. Ko tēnei whakaranu wai tino wera, e panaia kaha ana ki runga ake ki te rangi o runga o te whenua, ka mātao tere i a ia e taka ana ki te mata o te whenua, puta ake ai he hanga karaehe ahurei.

Ko te mea e tino wehewehe ai a Moldavite i ērā atu tekiti katoa i kitea puta noa i te ao, ko tōna tae kāriki pūataata whakahirahira. Ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā tekiti (pērā i a Australite, Indochinite rānei) he pōuri, ā, he pango mākā ki te paraūri pouri, ka whiti a Moldavite i ngā ātaahua kanorau mai i te ōriwa mā me te emarara tīorooro ki te kāriki ngahere hōhonu, pōhēhē. Nā tēnei māramatanga me tēnei tae whakahirahira, ko ia anake te tekiti e whānuitia ana te tapahi, te oro, te whakapakoko hei kohatu tāwhai rongonui. Waihoki, ki te tirotiro koe i a Moldavite i raro i te karu whakanui, ka kitea ngā mirumiru hau moroiti me ngā whakauru kōwiri ā-waea motuhake e mōhiotia ana ko lechatelierite (he karaihe kirikiri wera-nui), he tohu pūmau o tōna takenga ririkoi, tawhiti. Nā te mea me whai tētahi tūpono ātea tino motuhake, tūtahi hei hanga, he rawa mutunga a Moldavite, e tāpiri ana i te whakamīharo nui ki tōna ātaahua whakamīharo o te tinana.

Te Hītori Whakamīharo o Moldavite

Ko te hītori o Moldavite e hono hohonu ana ki te ao tangata, e whakakotahi ana i te oranga o nehe me te wairua o nāianei. I ahu mai tōna ingoa whaimana i te awa o Vltava (e mōhiotia ana ko Moldau i te reo Tiamana) i te whenua o Czech. I te taha o tēnei awa i whakaatuhia ai ngā whatianga tuatahi e kua tuhia ki te hapori pūtaiao i te tau 1787 e te Ahorangi Josef Mayer o te Whare Wānanga o Prague, nāna i hē te whakaaro ko ngā kongakonga kākāriki rerekē nei he momo chrysolite.

Heoi, ko te taunekeneke a te tangata ki te Moldavite i timata mai i mua noa atu i te rautau 18. Kua kitea e ngā kitenga whaipara tangata i te wā Paleolithic e whakanuia ana e te tangata o taua wā te Moldavite mō ōna tapa koi me ōna āhua karaihe, e whakamahia ana hei hanga taputapu tapahi, pere, me ngā tāonga wairua. Ko te tauira hītori rongonui rawa atu ko te kitenga o ngā kongakonga Moldavite kua mahia i kitea i te taha o te Venus o Willendorf, he whakapakoko hua kākano rongonui i keria ki Austria e pātata ana ki te 25,000 tau. I tua atu i ōna whakamahinga mahi, kua roa te Moldavite e rūri ana i ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā pūrākau. I Ūropi Rāwhiti, i whakaarohia he kōhatu kaha mō te waimarie me te hua kākano. Mō ngā rautau, he tikanga te hoatu hei koha taumau hei kawe mai i te whakaōritenga me te whairawa ki ngā hononga mārena. Ko ētahi kaituhi hītori me ngā tohunga esoteric e kī ana ko Moldavite pea te kōhatu o te Karauna Tapu rongonui, i whakaahuatia i ētahi wā i ngā tuhinga o te wā waenga hei emerara i taka mai i te rangi, kaua ko te kapu koura. I tēnei rā, ko tōna whakapapa hītori kua whakanui ake i tōna rongonui, e whakamau ana hei kōhatu utu nui i tākai i roto i ngā mano tau o te mīharo a te tangata.

Pehea te hanga o Moldavite?

Ko te takenga mai o Moldavite he kōrero whakamīharo mō te kaha o te rangi me te hurihanga nui o te whenua. Tata ki te 14.8 miriona tau ki muri, i waenganui o te wā Miocene, ka pakaru mai tētahi asteroid nui—e whakatauhia ana he tata ki te kotahi maero te whānui—ki te whenua e kīia nei ināianei ko te rohe o Bavaria i te tonga o Tiamana. E tere ana i te tere o te rangi, ka whakaputaina te kaha o te tukinga e rite ana ki te mano o ngā poma karihi. Nā tēnei tukinga kino i hanga te rua nui o Nördlinger Ries, e inea ana ināianei he 15 maero te whānui.

Ko te wera nui o te pānga, e eke ana ki te mahana neke atu i te 30,000 nekehanga Celsius, i whakaete tonu i te meteorite me te whakarewa i te oneone parataiao me te kirikiri o te rohe e kī ana i te quartz. I pupuhihia tēnei matū silicate whakarewa ki runga i te tere hōto, ka mawhiti i te kōpū o te ao, ka uru ki te wāhi tata-kore o te stratosphere o runga. I te wā e rere ana te karaihe wai i te kōpū o runga e makariri ana, ka tere te whakamatao. Nā te aerodynamics o tēnei rere i hanga ai ngā pata whakarewa ki ngā āhua motuhake: porowhita, pata roimata, pata paoro, me ngā kōpae papatahi. Ka maringi iho ēnei pūkōpere karaihe mārō ki runga i te “āpure marara” nui e hia rau māero te tawhiti, ka tau tuatahi ki ngā riu whenua motuhake o te Repupirikia Tiekia o ēnei rā. Engari kāore i mutu i kōnei te tukanga hanga. I roto i ngā 15 miriona tau e whai ake nei, i pāngia ēnei kongakonga karaihe tanu e te waiwhenua paku waikawa me ngā oneone e neke haere ana. Nā tēnei huarere matū roa i kai ai i te karaihe, e hanga ana i ngā mata hōhonu whakairo, tino kakano, me ngā kōrī hōhonu—e kīia ana he “whakairo” he “korukoru” rānei—koina te āhuatanga tirohanga motuhake o Moldavite mata i ēnei rā.

Ngā momo Moldavite

Ahakoa he rite te takenga mai o te katoa o te Moldavite i te rangi, na te rerekētanga o te hanganga o te oneone, o ngā ara rere, me ngā taiao taunga i puta ai ētahi momo rerekē. Ko te whakarōpūtanga e hāngai ana ki te wāhi motuhake e keria ai ngā kōhatu.

• Ngā Moldavite o Bohemia ki te Tonga Ko ēnei ngā tauira tino rapu-kaha rawa atu, me ngā tauira matarohia o te kōhatu. E whakaatuhia ana ēnei e te tae mārama, kanapa, mai i te emerara ki te kākāriki pātara. He maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i te kakano hōhonu, whakahirahira (e mōhiotia ana ko te whakairo, ko ngā “kōripi” rānei) i puta mai i ngā miriona tau o te whakawhāiti waikawa māori i te oneone.
• Moldavites Moravian: Kei te taha rāwhiti o te Czech Republic e kitea ai ēnei tektite, he nui ake, he taumaha ake. Ko te tae he āhua pōuri, he kākāriki-parāone, he oriwa rānei. Ko ngā Moravian Moldavite he māeneene ake te mata, he iti ake te whakairo i ō rātou hoa ōrite Bohemian.

• Besednice Moldavite: No te whenua o Besednice i te tonga o Bohemia, e kiia ana ko ēnei ngā Moldavite mata tino ataahua, tino whai hua. E rongonui ana mō ō rātou āhua tino koikoi, hīhī, ka whai ingoa ko “hedgehogs.” Ko te mahi whakairo o ēnei kōhatu e tino hiahiatia ana e ngā kaikohi.

• Chlum Moldavites Ko ēnei kōhatu i keria mai i te rohe o Chlum, he nui noa, ā, ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i ngā whakapaipai arumoni. Ka whakaputa i te tae kākāriki taurite, tawhito, ā, he pai, he āhua ngāwari te kākano e rata ana ki ngā kaikohi me ngā kaitapahi kōhatu.

• Ngā Moldavite Kākāriki Pākaha: Ehara tēnei i te wāhi whenua engari he whakarōpū tae. Ko ēnei momo onge e whakaatu ana i te tae kōwhai-kākāriki kanapa rawa rite ki te neon. Nā te mea he tino ataahua, he onge hoki ō rātou tae, ka utua he utunga nui i te mākete kohatu mātaitai.

Hanganga Tioata, Āhuatanga Tinana, me ngā Āhuatanga Matū

Mai i te tirohanga o te mātai kohuke, he tino ahurei te Mōdavīte. Nā te mea i tere rawa te whakamātao i a ia e taka ana i te āhua o te rangi, kāore i whai wā ki te whakawhanake i tētahi hanganga tioata. Nō reira, ka whakarōpūtia te Mōdavīte hei ahureo, ko te tikanga, kāore he tīrewa tioata ā-roto e tino māramatia ana; he karaihe pono.

Mātakitaki ai, he karaehe tino ki tonu i te kirika (lechatelierite) te Moldavite. Ko tōna hanganga ko te hauhāo (SiO₂) te nuinga, e 80% pea o tōna papatipu. Ko te toenga 20% he whakaurunga uaua o te konumohe ōkai (Al₂O₃), te pāhare ōkai (K₂O), te konupūmā ōkai (CaO), me te itinga rino, koia te take matua o tōna tae kākāriki. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matū tino whakamīharo o te Moldavite ko te noho o ngā miru hau moroiti, kua mau. He tino iti te pēhanga o roto i ēnei miru—tata ki te haurua ki te kotahi hautoru o te pēhanga o te āhua o te moana—e whakaū ana i te whakamatao o te karaehe i te rangi o runga.

Ā-tinana, ko te Moldavite kei waenga i te 5.5 me te 6 i te taumata Mohs o te pakeke, e rite ana ki te karaihe matapihi noa. He taumaha motuhake tōna mai i te 2.27 ki te 2.40 me te āhua mata whīwhīwhi—mai i te kōhao me te hōhonu riwha ki te maeneene me te pāpāhua—i puta mai i tana rere me ngā miriona tau o te mahi a te wai o raro whenua.

Ngā Takenga me Ngā Wāhi Keri

Ko te takenga matua o te Moldavite e herea ana ki te papa horahia i hanga e te patunga a Ries. Neke atu i te 99% o nga Moldavite katoa o te ao e kitea ana i te Czech Republic, inarā i roto i nga rohe o South Bohemia me Moravia. Ko nga tini iti rawa, ko nga tohu kua kitea i etahi wa i nga rohe tata o Austria (Waldviertel) me Germany (Lusatia), engari he tino onge enei.

Ko te keri i te Moldavite he mahi tino kaha. Ka kitea nuitia nga kohatu i roto i nga kirikiri kirikiri tuatoru me te tuawha. I roto i nga tekau tau, na te kaha o te keri arumoni me te keri turekore kua pau katoa nga rawa taiao. I enei ra, kua pau te nuinga o nga maina arumoni taketake, kua kati hoki. Na te mea he rawa mutunga mai i tetahi huihuinga aorangi motuhake, kei te piki haere te uaua o te Moldavite, e piki haere ana tona uara i ia tau.

Ngā mahi me ngā whakamahinga o Moldavite

I tēnei rā, ka mahi a Moldavite i ētahi whāinga motuhake puta noa i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ko tōna whakamahinga arumoni matua kei roto i ngā whakapaipai pai. Nā tōna tae ātaahua me tōna takenga ātea, he maha ngā wā ka takaihia ngā wāhanga mata ki te waea, ka whakatakotoranga rānei ki te hiriwa me te koura, i te wā ko ngā kōhatu nui ake, mā ake, ka whakapaipaitia hei kohatu whakamīharo mō ngā mōwhiti, ngā tāhei, me ngā whakakai. Heoi, nā tōna pakeke iti (5.5 i te tauine Mohs), he maha ngā wā ka whakahau ngā kaimahi whakapaipai kia whakatakotoria a Moldavite ki ngā tāhei me ngā whakakai, kaua ki ngā mōwhiti, hei tiaki i a ia i ngā wiwi me ngā pākitanga. He nui te uara o Moldavite i roto i ngā hapori mātātoka me te wairua. E kiia ana he “kohatu whakarerekē.” Ko te whakapono a ngā kaiwhakaora tioata me ngā kaingākau, ka taea e tōna pūngao wiri teitei te whakaterenga i te whakaaratanga wairua, te whakahaere i te huringa whaiaro hōhonu, me te whakawātea i ngā ārai pūngao. Nā tēnei rongonui i piki nui ai tōna rongonui i ngā tau tata nei.

Heoi anō, ko te Moldavite e tino rapuhia ana e ngā kaikohi kohuke me ngā kairangahau pūtaiao. Mō ngā pūtaiao, ko ēnei tektites e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga tino nui e pā ana ki ngā pānga meteorite, ki ngā hihiko o te urunga ki te hau, me te hītori ā-oneone o te wā Miocene. Mō ngā kaikohi, ko te whai wāhanga o Moldavite he rite ki te pupuri i tētahi wāhanga whakatio o tētahi tukinga ā-ao—he kongakonga ataahua, kākāriki o te whenua’s hītori ā-oneone pukuriri me te mīharo.