Mimetite he kohuke aratene konutai pūhaumāota me te tātai matū Pb5(AsO4)3Cl. Nō te rōpū apatite, ā, he wāhanga o te raupapa otinga totoka ki te pyromorphite me te vanadinite. I roto i tēnei raupapa, ka whakakapihia ngā waeine arsenate (AsO4) e te waeine phosphate, vanadinate rānei. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka karakina te Mimetite ki te pūnaha hexagonal, he rite tonu te āhua o ngā tioata ki te poroporo, ki te peihana rānei, ahakoa ka kitea hoki i roto i ngā papatipu porotaka, maheni rānei. He whānui te kāhua o te tae, he kōwhai, he karaka, he parauri te nuinga, me te māeneene e rite ana ki te kāpia, ki te taimana rānei. Nā te nui o te timu, he nui te ōwehenga taumaha, he kohuke taumaha, mātotoru hoki.
Ko te hanganga o te mimetite ka puta tuatahi mai hei kohuke tuarua i roto i ngā rohe whakawera o ngā putunga kohuke mata. Ehara i te kohuke matua engari he hua o te whakapapa matū o ngā kohuke mata tuatahi, pēnei i te galena. Ka puta ngā kohuke tuatahi nei ki ngā wai o te rangi whai hāora e mau ana i te arsenic kua rewa—i ahu mai i te whakapapa o te arsenopyrite, i ētahi atu pūngao whai arsenic rānei—ka puta he tauhohenga matū. I te aroaro o ngā ngota chlorine, ka taupā te mimetite mai i ēnei wairewa supergene. Me whai tikanga whenua matū motuhake tēnei tukanga e kitea ai i ngā wāhanga o runga ake, kua whakapapanui o ngā uaua kohuke, i reira e kitea ana i te taha o ētahi atu kohuke tuarua pēnei i te cerussite, te smithsonite, me te limonite.
Ko te hītori me te whakaingoatanga o te mimetite e ahu mai ana i te āhua ōkiko e rite ana ki ētahi atu kohuke. I whakaingoatia whaimana i te tau 1832 e te tohunga kohuke Wīwī a François Sulpice Beudant. Ko te ingoa i ahu mai i te kupu Kariki mimetes, e whakamāoritia ana ki te “whaihanga,” e tohu ana ki te kohuke’s āhua e pohehe noa ai ki te pyromorphite. I mua i tana whakarōpūtanga ōkawa, he maha ngā wā i whakarōpūtia te mimetite ki ētahi atu kohuke mata i raro i ngā kupu keri whenua o te takiwā. I piki ake te ngākau nui o te hītori ki te kohuke i te tāraitanga o ngā pūtanga nui ki ngā wāhi rongonui pērā i te Tsumeb Mine i Namibia, te Ojuela Mine i Mexico, me ngā wāhi maha puta noa i Saxony, Tiamana. Nā ēnei wāhi i whakarato ki te hapori pūtaiao ngā tauira e tika ana hei wehewehe i te mimetite hei momo motuhake i roto i te rōpū arsenate mata.
Rangatū Matū, Momo-ahua, me Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana o Mimetite
Ko te whakarōpūtanga o te mimetite e ahu mai ana i ōna āhua kiripara me tōna tūnga i roto i ngā raupapa whakakapi matū maha. Mō te āhua, he maha ngā momo āhua e whakaatuhia ana e te kohuke: ko te āhua matua he prisma, he prisma hexagonal me ngā pito pyramidal, pinacoidal rānei. Ko tētahi momo āhua e mōhiotia ana ko te campylite, e whakaatu ana i ngā mata prisma ānaikī, ka puta he āhua porotaka, pēnei i te ipu. I ngā rohe whakahāora o ngā putunga matā, he maha ngā wā ka tipu te mimetite ki te āhua botryoidal, porotaka rānei, e tohua ana e ngā tautau whakahiato porotaka me te kanapa resinous me ngā hanganga muka whiti ā-roto. Ko ngā āhua iti ake ko ngā kiripara acicular (pēnei i te ngira) capillary rānei (pēnei i te makawe), ka puta hei rērā whiti i roto i ngā rua kohuke.
Mineralohia, ko te mimetite he mema o te apatite supergroup, ā, kei roto i ngā raupapa whakarewa totoka maha. Ka hangaia he raupapa me te pyromorphite mā te whakakapi i te arsenic ki te pōhūhatanga, me te vanadinite mā te whakakapi ki te vanadium. I runga anō i ngā rerekētanga matū iti, ka tuhia ngā momo motuhake, pērā i te mimetite calcian (whakakapi calcium) me te baryto-mimetite (whakakapi barium). Hei taapiri, ka tautuhia ngā polytypes hanganga tae atu ki te mimetite-M me te mimetite-2M; ahakoa he hexagonal te momo paerewa, ko ēnei rerekētanga monoclinic e tohu ana i ngā rerekētanga o te hangarite ngota. Ko ēnei whakarōpūtanga e whakarōpū ana i ngā āhuatanga matū whenua me te hanganga o ngā kohuke arana mata i raro i ngā tikanga pātata rerekē.
Ka taea a Mimetite te whakamahi hei kowhatu whakapaipai i roto i te whakapaipai?
I roto i te mātai kōhatu, ka whakarōpūtia te mimetite hei kōhatu a te kaikohi, kaua ko te kōhatu utu nui tawhito mō te mākete whakapaipai arumoni. Ahakoa e whakaatu ana te kōhatu i ngā tikanga whatu tiketike, tae atu ki te taupū whakaata e 2.128 ki te 2.147 me te kanapa ā-roto ki te kanapa kapia, ko ōna āhuatanga tinana e whakatau ana i ngā here nui ki tōna whaihua. Nā te pakeke Mohs e 3.5 anake ki te 4, e mōhiotia ana te mimetite mō te iti o tōna ātete karaehe me te pakarukaru. He iti ki te kore e mārama tōna wehenga, ā, he whati tōpata ki te whati ā-anga-kōpura, e whakaputa ana i te kaha o te hanganga tioata ki te korenga ā-pūkaha i raro i te pēhanga iti noa iho. Ko ēnei āhuatanga e kore e taea e te mimetite te tu atu i te waku, te tūtukinga, me te tāmitanga taiao e pā ana ki te mau rā. Ahakoa he uaua, ka whakapaipaihia ngā tioata mārama e ngā tohunga whakairo kōhatu motuhake hei whakaatu i te kanapa o te kōhatu, he mea whakarite ēnei hei whakaaturanga kōhatu, hei kohinga kua kōpaehia rānei, kaua hei whakapaipai whaihua. Ko te uaua hangarau o te tapahi mimetite – nā tōna tairongo ki te wera me tōna tino pākarukaru – e whāiti ana anō tōna noho i roto i te ahumahi kōhatu utu nui ki tētahi whakaaro pūtaiao motuhake.
Ko te whakauru o te mimetite ki roto i nga whakapaipai kakahu he mea tino onge, a, ko te tikanga he iti noa iho ki nga hoahoa tiaki tino kaha, penei i te tāhei, i te poroki ranei, e whakaiti ana i te whakapā mata me te tukinga pea. Ahakoa i enei tono motuhake, kaore i te tūtohutia te mimetite mo nga whakatakotoranga penei i te mowhiti me te poroporo, kei reira te tino tupono o te wero me te patu ohorere. He matū tairongo te kōhuke ki nga matū noa o te whare, ki nga waikawa, tae atu ki te roa o te whakapaunga ki te makuku i etahi taiao; ko te whakapā atu ki aua matū, ko te whakamahi rānei i te horoi ultrasonic, ka puta he pūmau o te pūata o tōna mata, he pāuhu rānei o tōna hanganga. No reira, ko nga mimetite e whakamahia ana i roto i te horopaki whakapaipai, me whai i nga tikanga tiaki motuhake, tae atu ki te horoi ki nga rongoā ngāwari anake, ko ngā rongoā pH-taurite, me ngā parāhe tino ngāwari. Nā tōna taumaha motuhake nui, e tata ana ki te 7.24, ahakoa he iti noa ngā tauira kua whakapaipaitia, he taumaha tonu ki tōna rahi, he āhuatanga e tika ana kia whakaarohia e ngā tohunga whatu me ngā kaihanga whakapaipai i te wa e hoahoa ana i ngā pūnaha whakaū, kia mau tonu te kōhatu me te kore e pēhia te karaehe tāngotango.
He paihana ranei te Mimetite, me pēhea te hapai haumaru?
Ko te Mimetite he kohuke ararā (lead arsenate chloride) arā ko Pb5(AsO4)3Cl tōna hanga matū, e 69.6 ōrau te ararā me te 15.1 ōrau te arsenic i te taumaha. Nā te nui o ēnei konganuku taumaha, ka whakarōpūtia te kohuke hei matū mōrearea mena ka uru ki roto i te tinana. I roto i tōna āhua kirikiri totoka, he pūmau tonu te Mimetite, kāore e whakaputa morearea whakamate ki te pā wā poto ki te kiri; engari ko te āwangawanga matua ko te horonga kūware, te toronga hoki o te puehu kohuke. Ko tēnei morearea te nui rawa i te wā e tukatuka tikanga ai ngā tauira, pēnei i te kani, te oro, te whakapīata rānei, i reira ka puta mai te puehu pai, te rererua rānei e uru māmā ana ki te pūnaha manawa. Ko ngā paerewa haumaru ngaio mō te hapai i te Mimetite, ko te whakamahi i ngā tikanga haumākū hei pehi i te puehu, ngā pūnaha whakarere motuhake, me ngā taputapu whakangungu whaiaro pēnei i ngā kaipupuhi whai hua nui. He mea nui ēnei tikanga hei ārai i te whakaemi roa o te ararā me te arsenic i roto i te tinana o te tangata.
Mō te kaikohi whānui, te kaitiaki, te kaingākau rānei, ka mau tonu te haumaru mā ngā tikanga akuaku e whai whakaritenga ana me ngā taiao rokiroki e whakahaeretia ana. He mahinga noa, he mahinga tika hoki ki te horoi i ngā ringa i muri i te whakapā atu ki ngā tauira mimetite kāore i kapi kia tangohia ai ngā paru kōhauhau iti o te matū kōhatu kua piri ki te kiri. Waiho, me rokiroki ngā tauira ki roto i ngā ipu takitahi, pūmau kia kore ai e puta mai he puehu i te wā e wiriwiri ana, e pātuki ana rānei ki ētahi atu kōhatu o te kohinga. Nā te mea ka memeha te mimetite ki ētahi waikawa, me noho wehe atu i ngā taiao matū e taea ai te horoi ki waho, e tukua ai ngā katote paitini ki te taiao. Nā te āhua paitini o ōna pūmotu me tōna pāngia ohorere, ka whakaarotia he tino kore e tika ana te mimetite hei whakamahi i ngā taonga e taea ana e ngā tamariki, i ngā whakamahinga rānei e tūpono ai te horomi, te pā atu rānei ki te kai me te inu. Ko ēnei whakaaro haumaru he mea taketake ki te whakahaere kawenga me te pūtaiao o ngā momo kohuke aratene parani.