Mākasite, e mōhiotia ana i te nuinga o te wā e tōna ingoa whakamārama, ko te pairait ma, he kohuke pungatara whanariki matua e tohuhia ana e te tātai matū FeS₂. Ahakoa he ōrite te tātai matū ki te pairait e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, ka whakarōpūtia hei polymorph nā te mea ka whakataetae i te pūnaha whakataetae orthorhombic, kaua i te pūnaha isometric. Nā tēnei rerekētanga hanganga e whakamārama ai ōna āhuatanga tinana motuhake; ko te mākasite te tikanga e whakaatu ana i te kanapa konganuku kōwhai-parauri mārire ki te mā tata ki te mā i runga i ngā mata hou, ahakoa he pāpaku ki te pōuri haere ki te paninga kōwhai parauri rānei ina pā ki te hā o te rangi. Ko tōna āhuatanga tino rongonui ko tōna pāpāitanga tūturu. He nui ake te whakapākete o te mākasite i te pairait, ā, he tino pāpaku ki te tauhohenga matū e kīia nei ko te pirau pairait, te mate mākasite rānei. I roto i ngā taiao mākū nui, ka tauhohe te kohuke ki te makuku me te hāora hei whakaputa i ngā pākawa pungatara me te waikawa pungatara, he tukanga e taea ai te whakakore tinana o ngā tauira me te whakapakaru o ngā rauemi e karapoti ana.
Ko te hanganga o te mākāti e honoa ana ki ngā taiao ā-papa he iti te pāmahana, he nui te waikawa, e wehewehe ana i tana ara whanaketanga tuatahi mai i te piriti. Ka kitea nuitia i roto i ngā toka parataiao pērā i te kōhatu pākawa, te toka kirikiri, me ngā moenga waro, i reira ka hanga hei kongakonga, hei pona, hei kohuke whakakapi rānei i roto i ngā mea pararau whai oranga. Ka tau mai te kohuke mai i ngā wairehu waiariki i ngā pāmahana iti, ka whanake rānei mā te panoni o ētahi atu kohuke e whai rawa ana i te rino pērā i te pirotīte, te kākopiriti rānei i te aroaro o te waiwhenua waikawa. Ki te āhua, e mōhiotia ana te mākāti mō ōna āhua tioata ahurei, e tino rerekē ana i ngā āhua tapawhā, pyritohedral rānei o tōna momo ahuwhenua. Ka puta hei tioata papatahi, ahua tao, whiti rānei. Ko tētahi hanganga rongonui ko te whakahiato tāwhiri wheke, i reira e tipu tahi ai ngā tioata māwhitiwhiti ki tētahi tauira niho kani e rite ana ki te tāwhiri o te wheke. Ka kitea ēnei hanganga i roto i ngā putunga rino-konutea i reira i rawaka te waikawa o ngā wai whakaminerali hei whakapai ake i te hanganga orthorhombic, kaua ki te tapawhā.
I roto i te hītori, ko te kupu “marcasite” i whakamahia whānuitia hei whakaahua i ngā pūkoro rino katoa, tae atu ki te pyrite, tae noa ki te wā i wehewehe mārama ai ngā tohunga minelarora i waenganui i a rāua i ngā rautau 18 me 19. I te ao whakapaipai me te ahua, he nui te hītori o te “whakapaipai marcasite”, inarā i te wā o Victorian me te nekehanga Art Deco. He mea whakamīharo, ko te nuinga o ngā “marcasite” whakapaipai o mua me nāianei he mea hanga mai i te pyrite kua whakakikoruatia, nā te mea he tino pūioio me te pīataata te marcasite pono mō te whakamahi roa. I te wā o Victorian, i whakatairangatia hei whiringa mātauranga me te utu iti ki ngā taimana, he mea whakanoho ki te hiriwa parakore hei whakaputa i te wherikotanga whakarewa ngāwari.
Ngā Momo me ngā Tikanga Ā-ahua o te Mākāsīti
Ahakoa ko te marcasite he momo kohuke motuhke me te tātai matū pūmau (FeS₂), ka puta ki ētahi momo rerekē e ai ki tōna āhua tinana, tōna taiao whakatipu, ki ōna whakaaturanga hanga ahurei rānei. I roto i te mātai kohuke, ka whakarōpūtia ēnei i runga i tō rātou “āhua” ki tō rātou “morphology” rānei, kaua ki ngā momo iti matū.
Marcasite Tāora (Marcasite Mata-tao)
Ko tēnei te momo tino rongonui me te tino kitea whakamīharo. He maha ngā tioata tapawhā, āhua pera rānei i te tao, kua takirua tahi ki te papa {101}. Ka tipu ēnei takirua hei kāhui whitiwhiti, kaniwhenua, e tino rite ana ki te tāora o te tīkā. Ka kitea nuitia i roto i ngā putunga uatoka takawai.
Marakiti Whiti
He maha nga wa e kitea ana i roto i nga nodule parataiao, i nga concretions ranei, ko tenei momo e whakaatu ana i nga tioata e tipu ana ki waho mai i te waahi matua i roto i te ahua o te ngira (acicular) me te ahua o te muka. Ka pakaruhia enei nodule, ka kitea he hanganga o roto e rite ana ki te putanga o te ra, he nui te kanapa whakarewa.
Sperkise
He kupu motuhake mō tētahi momo takirua motuhake e kitea ana i te marcasite. E tohu ana ki ngā tioata takirua āhua tao e honoa ai ngā takitahi e rua kia puta ai tētahi āhua “V” motuhake, he āhua pere rānei. He tino noa ēnei i ngā putunga tioka me te kōhatu pākeho o Ūropi.
Mākākite ā-pōro, ā-whatukoro rānei
Ko tēnei momo ka puta hei papatipu porotaka, ā-kiore (botryoidal), ā-whatukoro rānei (reniform). He maha ngā wā he maeneene, he pouri te kiri i waho nā te whakakorikori, engari ka kitea te hanga ā-whitiwhiti o roto o te marcasite ina pakaru.
Huruhuru rānei “Huruhuru” Marcasite
He momo tino ngāwari e hanga ana te kohuke i ngā muka tino angiangi, pēnei i te makawe. Ka kitea ēnei i roto i ngā kōhao o ētahi atu kohuke, i roto rānei i ngā geode, e hanga ana i te āhua pūhungahunga, pēnei i te werewete rānei i te mata o te toka kaihautū.
Marcasite Ahua Whakakapi
Ka puta te marcasite pseudomorphous inā whakakapi te kōhuke i tētahi matū o mua, me te mau tonu i te āhua o waho o te taketake. Ka kitea nuitia tēnei tukanga i te whakakapinga o ngā parapara, i reira ka whakaputaina te marcasite i roto i ngā hanganga koiora pēnei i te ammonite, te bivalve, te rākau tawhito rānei, e tiaki ana i ngā whakakai koiora matatini i roto i te whakapakoko konganuku, tae rite ki te parahi. I tua atu, ka taea e ia te hanga i ngā pseudomorphs kōhuke mā te whakakapi i ngā sulfide o mua pēnei i te pyrrhotite me te fluorite; i ēnei āhuatanga, ka mau tonu te marcasite i te hangarite tapawhā me te hexagonal o waho o te kōhuke o mua ahakoa tana ake renga orthorhombic o roto. He taputapu whakahirahira tēnei āhuatanga mō ngā tohunga whenua, nā te mea e whakaatu ana i te rekoata o ngā huringa taiao matū me ngā hanganga wai i roto i tētahi wāhi whenua.
Marcasite pīataata
Ahakoa ehara i te momo hanganga motuhake, ka whakawhanake ētahi tauira i te paparanga kiri whakapākūkū, he angiangi, e puta ai he tākaro tūrama kanapa, kōwhaiwhai (iridescent). Ka puta tēnei mā te taiao ina pā te kohuke ki ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi motuhake, ahakoa he tohu tōmua hoki tēnei i te “piro marcasite” whakamōtī.
Āhua Tioata me te Mātai Tioata
Marcasite ka whakatoi i roto i te pūnaha kiripiri orthorhombic (rōpū mokowā Pnnm), e whakatau ana i ōna āhua kiripiri rerekē me te motuhake. Kāore i rite ki nga poro isometric, ki nga piritorona ranei e kitea ana i tōna polymorph pyrite, ko te marcasite te tikanga ka whakatoi i nga kiripiri papatahi, porotaka, orite ki te tao ranei. Ko tētahi o ōna āhua tino rongonui ko te whakahuihui “tīpare heihei”, he hua nā te mahi māhanga tonu i runga i te mata {101}. Ka hangaia e ēnei māhanga he kāhui kaniwhā, whiti e rite ana ki te tīpare o te heihei. I tua atu, ka puta te marcasite i roto i ngā papatipu porotaka, whatukuhu rānei (āhua-hinākau) me tōna hanganga kawenga kōripo ā-roto. He mea noa anō hei kohuke whakakapi i ngā pseudomorph, e noho ana i te āhua o waho o tētahi kohuke rerekē, o ngā mea koiora rānei, pērā i te rākau, i ngā anga maataitai rānei, i a ia e pupuri ana i tōna ake hanganga orthorhombic.
Ngā Āhuatanga Whakaata
I roto i te rangahau o te whakamātai kōre me te whatu o te kohuke, ka whakarōpūtia te marcasite hei kohuke pōuri. Ina tirohia i raro i te marama kōwhai whakapapa takotoranga, e whakaatu ana i te whakaata teitei me te tae kirīmi-mā ki te kōwhai pāhia. Ko tētahi āhuatanga tautuhi matua o te marcasite ko tōna kaha bireflectance me tōna pleochroism motuhake, e puta ai ngā panoni tae kitea—mai i te mā ki te kōwhai, ki te parauri-mātomato rānei—i te hurihanga o te atamira.I waenganui i ngā poroi whiti, e whakaatu ana te marcasite i te anisotropy kaha, e whakaputa ana i ngā tae whakapolarization mārama pēnei i te kikorangi, te kākāriki, me te waiporoporo. Ko tēnei mahi whatu tino kaha he wehewehe matua mai i te pyrite, he isotropic, ka noho pōuri i raro i ngā poroi whiti. Hei taapiri, he paku teitei ake te whakaata o te marcasite i tō te pyrite, e āwhina ana ki tōna āhua "mā ake" i runga i ngā mata orohia hou. He mea nui ēnei tawhā whatu mō ngā kaimātai whenua me ngā kaimātai kohuke i te wā e tautuhi ana i ngā huinga sulfide pūngoi i roto i ngā matūriki kohuke matatini.
Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me te Matū
Ko te āhua tinana o te marcasite e tautuhia ana e tōna kiato whakarewa me tōna mārōrō rawa. E whakaatu ana i te pakeke o Mohs e 6 ki te 6.5 me te taumaha motuhake e 4.85 ki te 4.89. E kīia ana tōna mārōrō he pākaka, ā, kāore e kitea he wehenga, engari e whakaatu ana i te whatianga kōrekoreko ki te whatianga tata-angaanga. I te taumata whānui, e whakaatu ana i te kanapa whakarewa pīataata me te tūāpapa he kākāriki-hinauri mōrunga ki te pango.
Ko te marcasite, i runga i te matū, he pūkawa rino (FeS₂) e mahi ana hei polymorph metastable o te pyrite. He tino tairongo ki ngā āhuatanga taiao, otirā ki te makuku o te haurangi. I te aroaro o te makuku me te hāora, ka pāngia te kōhatu e te tukanga whakahāora whakaputa wera e mōhiotia ana i roto i te mātai kōhatu ko “te pirau marcasite” ko “te mate pyrite” rānei. Ko tēnei pakarutanga matū e whai wāhi ana i te whakahāora o ngā katote sulfide ki te waikawa hāura (H₂SO₄) me te hanganga o ngā pūkawa rino whakamakuku pērā i te melanterite (FeSO₄·7H₂O). He maha ngā wā ka hāpai tēnei tauhohenga e te haunga whanariki motuhake me te pikinga nui o te rōrahi, e whakapakaru ai te tauira, e pupuhi ai, ā, ka maru noa ki te paura waikawa pai. Nā reira, mā te tiaki i te marcasite e hiahiatia ana ngā taiao makuku iti e tino whakahaeretia ana hei aukati i te pirautanga tere o te hanganga.
Ngā Whakamahinga Taonga Whakapaipai me ngā Whakamahinga o Nāianei
I roto i te rangatiratanga motuhake o te pūtaiao kohatu me ngā toi whakapaipai, he ahurei te whakamahinga o te marcasite, engari he maha ngā wā e pohehe ana. Ka whakamahia matua ki te hanga i te "whakakai marcasite," he momo e tohuhia ana e ngā kohatu whakarewa iti, tapahi-rohi e whakairihia ana ki te hiriwa mā. I eke tēnei āhua ki tōna taumata teitei i ngā wā o Victorian, Edwardian, me Art Deco, i reira e noho ana hei whiringa mōhiohio me te whai wāhi ake ki te kanapa o te taimana. Heoi, nā te koretake me te tino pākaka o te marcasite orthorhombic pono, tata ki te katoa o ngā whakakai arumoni e kīia ana pēnei, he mea hanga tonu mai i tōna polymorph pūmau ake, te pyrite. Ko te kaha kaha ake o te pyrite ki te "pirau pyrite" me te taumahatanga mīhini, ka waiho hei raemi pai mō ngā kohatu tapahi-tapa e kaha ana ki te whakamau i ngā rā katoa. He rite tonu te hoahoa o ēnei wāhanga ki ngā kaupapa whakaohooho i te wā tawhito, pēnei i ngā tauira puāwai, ngā pūrerehua, me ngā āhua ā-āhua o Art Deco, i reira ko te kanapa mātao, whakarewa o ngā kohatu e whakarato ana i te patina āhua tawhito, ātaahua.
I tua atu i tōna noho i roto i te tauhokohoko whakapaipai, he iti noa ngā whakamahinga o te marcasite pono nā te pāorooro matū. I roto i te horopaki ahumahi, i whakamahia te marcasite i ngā wā o mua hei pūtake whānariki iti mō te whakaputanga o te waikawa pungatara, inarā i ngā rohe i reira he iti noa atu ngā pūtake whānariki. Heoi, kua whakakapia tēnei e ngā tikanga whakaora pai ake mai i te tukatuka hinu whenua me te hau māori. I ēnei rā, ko tōna uara matua kei roto i ngā mākete pūtaiao me ngā kaikohi. Mō ngā tohunga kōhatu, he kaupapa ako nui te marcasite mō te mārama ki ngā pūnaha waiariki iti-pāmahana me te matū whenua parataiao. Mō ngā kaikohi kōhatu, ka tino whakanuia ngā whakahiatotanga “pītau heihei” kounga-nui me ngā tauira kanapa kua whakapirau, mō tō rātou whakatakotoranga tioata matatini me tō rātou ātaahua titiro. Ahakoa kāore i te whānui te whaihua ahumahi, he kōhatu nui tonu te marcasite mō te whakahoutanga taiao-tawhito, nā te mea ko tōna noho i roto te pūkete whenua hei tohu tika mō ngā āhuatanga waikawa nui, kore-hāora.