Ko te magnesite he kohuke warowaihā e titoa ana i te warowaihā konupora, me te tātai matū MgCO₃. Nō te rōpū kohuke calcite, ā, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna āhua mā, hina, kōwhai, parauri, ā, i ētahi wā, kāore he tae. Ka puta te magnesite hei whakahiato tino nui, ahakoa ka puta he tioata rhombohedral i ētahi taiao matawhenua. Ko te kohuke e whakaaturia ana e tōna pakeke iti, te rārangi mā, me te tito warowaihā, e taea ai te tauhohe ki te waikawa ina whakapākurutia. Ka puta te nuinga mā te whakarerekē o ngā toka konupora-nui, ngā tukanga parataiao, me te mahi waiariki. Nā te nui o te konupora me tōna kaha ki te whakaputa i te waikura konupora inā whakamahanatia, he kohuke ahumahi nui te magnesite e whakamahia ana i ngā rawa whakaahuru, te whakaputa konupora, te hanga matū, me ngā tono hanga whare. Ko ētahi momo ātaahua ka whakamahia hei kohatu whakapaipai rānei.
Hītori o Magnesite
I te tuatahi i tautuhia te magnesite, ka whakaahuahia hei momo kōhuke motuhake i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1800. Ko tōna ingoa i ahu mai i te konupora, te pūmotu matū e hanga ana i te wāhanga matua o tōna hanganga, e whakaatu ana i tōna hononga kaha ki ngā taiao whenua kei roto te konupora. Ko te mōhiotanga o te magnesite hei kōhuke motuhake i āwhina ki te whakapiki ake i te māramatanga ki ngā kōhuke waroā, me te hononga ki ngā toka whai konupora. I roto i te rau tau 1800 me te rau tau 1900, ka nui haere te hiranga ōhanga o te magnesite i te kitenga o ngā ahumahi i tōna uara hei pūtake konupora me te rawa mata mō te whakaputa rawa kaha ki te wera. Ko te whakawhānuitanga o te mahi maitai, te mahi raima, me ētahi atu tukanga ahumahi wera nui, i whakapiki nui i te tono mō ngā hua tārai i ahu mai i te magnesite. Nā reira, i whanake ngā mahi keri nui i ngā rohe e nui ana ngā putunga magnesite, tae atu ki Austria, Kirihi, Haina, Rūhia, Parīhi, me Tākei. I tēnei rā, kei te noho tonu te magnesite hei kōhuke ahumahi nui, e mahi ana hei pūtake nui o ngā pūhui konupora me te whai wāhi nui ki ngā ahumahi whakanao hou me ngā ahumahi rawa kōhuke.
Whakaputanga o Magnesite
Ko te magnesite e puta ana mā roto i ētahi tukanga pūtaiao whenua, otirā, ko te hononga i waenga i ngā toka e whai ana i te konupora, te wai e mau ana i te waro pākawa-ā-warowai, me ngā taiao e taea ai te konupora te whakakotahi ki te hauhā. Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga hanga e kitea nuitia ana, ko te whakamātaota o ngā toka ultramafic, pērā i te peridotite me te serpentinite, e mau ana i ngā kohuke e whai ana i te konupora, pērā i te olivine me te serpentine. Ka pā atu ēnei toka ki ngā wai e whai ana i te hauhā, ka puta haere te konupora i ngā kohuke taketake, ka tauhohe ki ngā katote waro pākawa-ā-warowai hei hanga i te konupora waro pākawa-ā-warowai (MgCO₃). Mā tēnei tukanga e puta ai ngā uaua magnesite, ngā kōpuku, me ngā putunga nui, ā, e whakaarotia ana hoki he tikanga māori nui mō te rokiroki waro nā te mea ka whakaurua te hauhā ki ngā kohuke waro pākawa-ā-warowai pūmau.
Ka taea hoki te hanga magnesite mā ngā tukanga parataiao, waiariki, me te whakarerekē. I roto i ngā taiao parataiao, inarā i ngā ipu moana tawhito me ngā horahanga whakapākehātanga, ka kukū ai ngā wai nui te konupora mā te whakapākehātanga, ka taea ai te magnesite te parataiao hei putunga paparanga. Ko ngā waiariki e rere ana i roto i ngā whati me ngā ana, ka kawe i te konupora me ngā wāhanga waroā, ā, ka whakakikoruatia hei magnesite i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana me te matū e tika ana. I roto i ngā taiao whakarerekē, ka taea e ngā toka nui te konupora te whakarerekē matū me te whakakikorua anō, ka hanga putunga magnesite hou. Ko te hanga o te magnesite e whakaaweawe ana e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te wātea o te konupora, te kukū o te pūhā waro, te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te matū o te wai, ka puta mai ai ngā momo kakano maha, mai i ngā huihuinga papatipu kirikiri ki ngā tauira tapatoru tioata e kitea ana i ngā rohe matawhenua huri noa i te ao.
Ngā Momo me ngā Rerekētanga o te Magnesite
Ko te Magnesite e mohiotia whānuitia ana hei momo kohuke kotahi me te tātai matū MgCO₃, engari ka puta pea i ngā momo rerekē i runga i te tae, te kākā, te āhua o te tioata, ngā paru, me ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga whenua. Ka pā ēnei rerekētanga ki tōna āhua, tōna uara ahumahi, me tōna whakamahinga hei rauemi whakapaipai. Ko ngā momo me ngā rerekētanga noa o te magnesite ko:
- Magnesite mā
Ko te magnesite mā te momo tino whānui, ā, he mea hanga mai i te konupora warawaha parakore. He maha ngā wā e puta ana hei rawa pai-ngāngara, tioka, rite porcelain rānei, ā, whakamahia nuitia ana mō ngā whāinga ahumahi, tae atu ki te hanga i te konupora hāora me ngā rawa whakapāka. - Magnesite tioata
Ka puta te magnesite kirikiri i te wā e tipu ana te kohuke i raro i ngā tikanga ā-papa whenua e pai ana, e taea ai e ngā kirikiri rhombohedral motuhake te whanake. He iti ake te noho noa o ēnei tauira i ngā āhua papatipu, ā, e whakanuia ana e ngā kaikohi kohuke mō te hanganga kirikiri me te āhua. - Mākenaita N
He nui te magnesite ka puta hei whakahiato kiato, kirikiri, koretake ranei, me te kore whakawhanake i nga tioata takitahi kua tino marama. Ko tenei momo e tohu ana i te nuinga o nga putunga magnesite e kerihia ana mo te hokohoko, ka whakamahia tuatahi ki nga whakamahinga ah - Magnesite whai rino
Ko te magnesite e mau ana i te rino e whai ana i ngā rahinga rerekē o te rino e whakakapi ana i te konupora i roto i te hanganga karaihe. Ko te whai mai o te rino ka taea te hoatu ki te kohuke he tae hina, kōwhai, parauri, whero rānei, ā, ka taea te hanga i te huringa ki ngā hanganga nui o te siderite. - Magnesite Whāiti
Ko te magnesite whai ua kei roto ngā rārangi tauaro, ngā tauira, ngā whakauru kōhuke rānei i hanga i te wā o te whakarerekētaketake whenua. Ko ēnei tauira whakapaipai e rongonui ai mō ngā whakairo, ngā whakapaipai, me ngā hua kōhatu whakamāene. - Magnesite tae
Ahakoa he ma, he kore tae rānei te magnesite parakore, ko ngā pūmotu tohu me ngā poke ka whakaputa i ngā momo tae kōwhai, parauri, hina, me ētahi atu tae ngāwari. Ko ēnei rerekētanga tae māori ka ahu mai i ngā pūmotu pēnei i te rino, te konupūmā, me ngā rawa waro. - Magnesite Kua Tae
Ko te magnesite tae he momo maimoatanga arumoni e tae ana te magnesite maihao ki te tae hanga hei whakatauira i ētahi atu kōhatu whakapaipai, inā koa te turquoise. Ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i ngā whakapaipai utu iti, pire, me ngā taonga whakapaipai nā tōna kaha ki te mimiti i ngā waikano me te tango i te ōrohia maeneene.
Hanganga Kirikiri o Magnesite
Ko te Magnesite he momo karaihe trigonal, he wahanga hoki o te ropu calcite o nga kohuke warowaihā. Ko tana hanganga karaihe he mea tito mai i nga katote konupora (Mg²⁺) me nga ropu warowaihā (CO₃²⁻), e whakariteritehia ana i roto i te anga rhombohedral e tuaruatia ana. Ko ia katote konupora e karapotia ana e nga ngota hāora mai i nga ropu warowaihā, e hanga ana i te hanganga katote pumau e whakarato ana i nga āhuatanga tinana o te Magnesite, tae atu ki tona wehenga me te kaha o te kiato e whakatauritea ana ki te maha atu o nga kohuke warowaihā.
Ko te whakaritenga ngota o te mākenete he ōrite ki tō te kāratete, me ngā rōpū waro e tū ana i waenganui i ngā paparanga o ngā katote maitai. Ko ngā rōpū waro e whakaritea ana ki te whirihanga tapatoru papatahi, i te wā e noho ana te konupora ki ngā wāhi motuhake i roto i te hanganga, ka hanga he kupenga tūhonohono pūmau. Nā tēnei hanganga ka puta te wehenga rhombohedral tino pai, e taea ai te kowhatu whati i ngā rerenga āhua ahuwhenua. Ka tupu te mākenete hei tioata rhombohedral ina e pai ana ngā āhuatanga, ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā tauira māori he puehu pai, he kāhui matua nā te tipu tere, ngā tukanga whakarerekē, te āhua kōpekapeka rānei o te whenua. Ko ngā whakakapinga iti o ngā pūmotu pēnei i te rino, te konupūmā, me te konupora mākākā ki roto i ngā wāhi konupora, ka taea te whakarerekē paku i te hanganga tioata, ka whakaawe i te tae, te kiato, me te āhua whānui o te kowhatu.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana me Ā
He whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga tinana me te matū o te magnesite e whakaatu ana i tōna hanganga kohuke waro me te hanganga tioata. Ko tōna tātai matū ko MgCO₃, ā, nō te rōpū kohuke calcite. Ko te magnesite parakore he mā, he kore tae rānei, engari ko ngā poke pēnei i te rino, te konupora, te konupūmā, me ngā mea waro ka puta he kōwhai, he parauri, he whero rānei. Ko tōna pakeke Mohs kei te 3.5–4.5, nō reira he kohuke āhua ngāwari, ka taea te wero e ngā kohuke pakeke ake. Ko te kanapa o te magnesite he karaihe ki te peara, he ma tōna puehu, ā, he māhorahora tōna wehenga rhombohedral tino tika nā tōna hanganga tioata trigonal. Ko tōna taumaha motuhake kei te 3.0–3.1, ā, ka taea te whiti ki te pōuri i runga i te kounga o te tioata me te kakano.
I te taha matū, ko te magnesite he kohuke waro konupora i titoa mai i ngā katote konupora e hono tahi ana me ngā rōpū waro. He āhua pūmau i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao noa engari ka tauhohe ki ngā waikawa waimeha, inā koa ka puehu, ka tuku i te hauhā (CO₂) nā tōna kiko waro. Inā whakamahanatia ki ngā pāmahana tiketike, ka pirau te magnesite i te wera, ka pakaru ki te waikura konupora (MgO) me te hauhā (CO₂). Ko tēnei āheinga ki te whakaputa waikura konupora tētahi o ōna āhuatanga matū tino nui, ā, ko te pūtake o tōna whakamahinga whānui i ngā rawa ārai ahi me ngā ahumahi e pā ana ki te konupora. Ko ngā whakakapinga o ngā pūmotu, inā koa te whakakapi i te konupora ki te rino, ki te konupūmā, ki te manganihi rānei, ka taea te whakarerekē paku i tōna hanganga matū, tae, kiato, me te āhua tinana.
Ngā Put
Ko ngā putunga magnesite e horahia whānuitia ana puta noa i te ao, ā, ko te nuinga e kitea ana i ngā rohe e whai ana i ngā toka whai konupora, ngā hanganga warawao, me ngā āhuatanga matawhenua e tika ana mō te hanganga kohuke. Ko ētahi o ngā whenua whai hua nui mō te whakaputa magnesite ko Haina, Ateria, Kirihi, Tākei, Rūhia, Parahi, Ahitereiria, me te Hononga o Amerika. Kei a Haina ētahi o ngā putunga magnesite nui rawa atu o te ao, me ngā putunga matua kei te Porowini o Liaoning, e keria nuitia ai te kohuke mō te whakaputa konupora me ngā rauemi whakapārū. He roa te hītori o Ateria mō te keri magnesite, ā, e mōhiotia ana mō ngā putunga kounga tiketike i hua mai i ngā taiao matawhenua o Alpine. Kei Kirihi me Tākei hoki ētahi putunga nui e hono ana ki ngā toka ultramafic me ngā hanganga warawao, ā, kei Rūhia me Parahi ngā rauemi nui i hua mai i ngā tukanga matawhenua tawhito. I te Hononga o Amerika, ko te nuinga o ngā putunga magnesite e kitea ana i ngā rohe pērā i Kalipōnia, Nēwata, me Wāhingatana, i reira ngā putunga e hono ana ki ngā toka ultramafic kua panoni me ngā taiao parataiao. He rerekē te rahi, te mā, me te hiranga ōhanga o ngā putunga magnesite i runga i ngā āhuatanga pērā i te kiko o te warawao konupora, te tawhito matawhenua, ngā momo toka e kapi ana, me te noho mai o ngā paruparu.
Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Tono o te Magnesite
Ko te Magnesite he kohuke ahumahi nui, he maha ngā whakamahinga nā te nui o te konupora kei roto, me tōna kaha ki te whakaputa i te konupora waikawa ina whakamahanatia. Ko te whakamahinga nui o te magnesite ko te whakaputa i ngā rawa whakarewa, ina koa ngā pereki me ngā arai e whai ana i te konupora waikawa, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā umu maitai, ngā umu raima, ngā taputapu whakangao karaihe, me ētahi atu whare ahumahi e whakamahia ana i te mahana tiketike. I muri i te whakamahanatanga, ka puta i te magnesite te konupora waikawa (MgO), he rawa e mōhiotia ana mō tōna ira whakarewa tiketike, te pūmau o te mahana, me te ātete ki te waikura matū. Ka whakamahia hoki te magnesite hei rawa mata mō te whakaputa i te konupora whakarewa, ngā matū konupora, ngā tongi, me ngā pūhui maha e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi ahuwhenua, te whakamauru taiao, me ngā ahumahi matū. Hei āpiti atu ki ngā whakamahinga ahumahi, ko ētahi momo magnesite ātaahua ka tapahia, ka whakamōhenehia, ka whakamahia mō ngā taonga whakapaipai, ngā whakairo, ngā pīpī, me ngā kōhatu whakapaipai. Ahakoa kāore te magnesite e kiia he kōhatu nui, nā tōna kaha ki te whakamōhenehia maeneene me ngā tae me ngā tauira kanorau, ka rongonui ia i waenga i ngā kaikohi kōhatu me ngā kaihoahoa o ngā rawa whakapaipai utu iti.