Ko Grossular garnet he kohuke konupūmā–konumoā kirikiri nō te rōpū garnet, me te tātai matū Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃Ko tētahi o ngā mema tino parakore o te whānau kāreti, e mōhiotia nuitia ana mō tōna whānuitanga o ngā tae, e wehewehe ai i a ia i ētahi atu momo kāreti. Kāore i rite ki ngā kāreti almandine whero, pyrope rānei e mōhiotia ana, ka puta te grossular i ngā ātārangi o te kākāriki, te kōwhai, te parani, te māota, te māwhero, te kore tae, tae atu ki ngā tae kākāriki-pūrākau onge. Ko tēnei kanorau ka puta mai i ngā whakakapinga ā-huarākau iti, kaua i ngā huringa hanganga nui, nā reira he kohuke nui a grossular mō te ako i te whanonga whakataunga-tūturu i roto i ngā pūnaha tātai.
Ngā Momo Matua o te Kāneti Grossular
Tsavorite
Ko te tsavorite he momo kākāriki hōhonu e tae ana e te chromium me te vanadium. I kitea i Awherika ki te Rāwhiti, e whakanuia ana mō tōna whakapapa, tōna kanapa, me tōna mārama māori. Kāore i rite ki te emerald, kāore te tsavorite i te nui o ngā whakaurunga, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he maimoatanga.
Hessonite
Hessonite he momo karaka ki te parauri-whero e kīia ana ko te "kohatu hinamona." He maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i ngā kōnanunanga ā-whiore o roto me te iti o te mārama ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu kāneti, engari he mea nui tonu i te taha o te pūtaiao o ngā kōhatu.
Hairotirōhura
Ka puta te Hydrogrossular inā whakakapi ngā rōpū hydroxyl i ētahi wāhanga o te silica i roto i te hanganga. He maha ngā wā e pūango ana tēnei momo, ā, he maha ngā wā e kitea ana i roto i ngā whakahuihui nui, kirikiri rānei, kaua i ngā tioata āhua pai.
Kore Tae me Kōmā Grossular
He nui ngā kōhatu grossular tae kore, tae māmā rānei, ka puta inā tata kore ngā paruparu iti. He mea nui ēnei tauira mō te rangahau pūtaiao nā te mea e whakaatu ana i te ahua tino parakore matū o te kōhatu.
Te Tautuhi me ngā Āhuatanga Whakatau o te Kāneti Grossular
I roto i ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga tohuāhua, ka kitea motuhake te kāneti Grossular e ētahi āhuatanga tautuhi e wehewehe ana i a ia mai i ētahi atu mema o te rōpū kāneti me ōna whakakōhukihuki noa.
Te Ahua Karaihe me te Whakaraupapatanga o Roto
Ko ngā karanehe Grossular he maha ngā wā ka puta hei tioata dodecahedral, trapezohedral rānei e tino pai ana te hanga. I roto, ka whakaatu pea i te rārangi tipu motuhake. I roto i te momo Hessonite, he maha ngā wā ka tae mai tēnei me te āhua motuhake “whakariro” rānei “hinu” rānei — he kākano āwhiowhio o roto nā te tohatoha kōhuru o te mārama me ngā whakaurunga paku, pērā i ngā tioata apatite, zircon rānei kua porotaka.
Tohutohu Rua Rerekē (ADR)
Ahakoa te momo kāreti no te pūnaha isometric, me noho pouri i raro i te whitiwhiti (isotropic), ka kitea e te Grossular te Whakawehenga Rua Anomalous. Ina tirohia mā te polariscope, ka puta he tauira whakamōtī “pēnei i te nākahi” he atarangi āwangawanga rānei, he hua o te tīwehutanga hanganga i te tipuranga o te karaihe.
Whakapūaho Tātai-kiromata me te Whakapūaho Hihi-X
Ko te whakamārama he whakamātautau tuarua whai hua. He maha ngā tauira Grossular he kore mahi, engari ko ētahi momo motuhake ka whakaatu pea i ngā tauhohenga motuhake. Hei tauira, ko ētahi grossular kōwhai, kākāriki māmā rānei ka whakamārama pea i te karaka ngoikore ki te āhua, te māwhero rānei i raro i te marama ultraviolet ngaru roa (LW) me te ngaru poto (SW). I raro i te whakaohooho X-ray, ka whakaatu hoki ētahi tauira i te tīaho karaka, kōwhai rānei e kitea ana.
Tātari Hīkaro
Mō te wehenga pūmau mai i ērā atu momo pērā i a Andradite, Hydrogrossular rānei, ka rapua e ngā tohunga kōhatu whakapaipai ngā rōpū whakauru motuhake. Ko te Hessonite e whakaatu ana i ngā rōpū e pā ana ki te konupora i te 407nm me te 430nm. Ko te Tsavorite, te momo kākāriki, e whakaatu ana i te hiwa o te konupūmiko me te konupara, me te whakauru i te tūāhanga me te matapihi tuku i te kākāriki.
Mā te whakauru i ēnei mātakenga ā-tinana, ā-whatu anō hoki—arā, te taupū whakatairite, te taumahatanga motuhake, me ngā tauira rīrī o roto—ka taea e ngā tohunga kōhatu whakapaipai te wehewehe pai i te Grossular mai i te Almandine nui te rino, i te momo Pyrope nui te konupora rānei.
Tohatoha o te Ao me Ngā Wāhi Rongonui
Ka kitea te kāranei Grossular i roto i ngā taiao matawhenua kanorau puta noa i te ao, me ngā pūrongo o ngā rawa e rua o te kounga kohatu me te taumata tauira mai i tata ki ia whenua. I Amerika ki te Raki, ko te Hononga o Amerika e whakarato ana i ngā tūponotanga nui ki California, te rohe o New England, me Vermont, ko te kawanatanga o Quebec i Kānata, ina koa ko te Maana Jeffrey, kua whakaputa i ngā tioata kairangi o te ao. Kei te noho tonu a Āwherika hei puna matua mō ngā momo uara nui, ko Kenya me Tanzania te kaihautū i te whakaputanga mō te tsavorite kākāriki hihiko me te Merelani Mint grossular kanapa.
I Āhia, kei Haina, Pakitāne, me Hiri Rānaka ngā putunga nui, ko Hiri Rānaka rongonui mō ōna kirikiri hessonite motuhake. Ko ngā pūtake Pākehā me ētahi atu rohe, ko ngā wehewehe momo alpine o Itāria me Huiterangi, tae atu ki ngā putunga hirahira o Rūhia. Ka puta i ia wāhi nei he grossular he āhuatanga kohatu tāonga, tikanga tioata, me ngā whakaahua tae motuhake, e whakarato ana i te kanorau nui mō ngā kairangahau me ngā kaikohi kohuke.
Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Hoahoa Whakapaipai
Hei rawa kōhatu taonga, ko te grossular e whakaatu ana i te tini o ngā tae, e tika ana mō te whānuitanga o ngā momo hoahoa whakapaipai, mai i ngā puka whakapaipai tino nui ki ngā mea mārōrō e mau ana i ia rā. Ko tōna pakeke o waenga, e 6.5 ki te 7.5 i runga i te tauine Mohs, e tohu ana ahakoa he pūmau, me whakaaro ki ngā whakatakotoranga whakamarumaru mō ngā whakapaipai e pā kaha ana, pērā i ngā mowhiti, kia roa ai te wā, kia ātete hoki i te kauae. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga whakamīharo rawa o te grossular mō ngā kaihoko o nāianei, ko te nuinga o te wā kāore e whakamahanatia, e tae horihori rānei. Nā reira he kōwhiringa pai ake mō te hunga e rapu ana i ngā kōhatu taonga māori kāore i whakamahana. Ahakoa ko te kākāriki kaha o te tsavorite, ko ngā pūoro mahana, rite ki te mīere o te hessonite, ka hoatu e te grossular he papa tae parakore me te whaihua ki ngā kaihoahoa.
Ngā Tūtohu Tiaki me te Whakatika
Ki te pupuri i te kanapa me te tino o te karaka grossular, he mea nui te tiaki tika. Pērā i te nuinga o ngā kohatu tāwhai māori, me tiaki i a ia i ngā whakawiri wera ohorere me ngā wiriwiri miihini kaha, ngā pānga rānei. Mō te horoi auau, he pai ake te whakamahi i te wai mahana me te horoi ngawari, kore whakatairite, me te paraihe ngawari. Ahakoa he pūmau te grossular, he iti iho tōna ātete ki te karawarawa i ērā o ngā momo korundamu pērā i te rūpi, te hapaira rānei. Nō reira, me tūpato ngā kaipupuri i te wā e mau ana, me whakarite kia noho motuhake te kohatu mai i ngā kohuke mārō ake hei ārai i ngā karawarawa mata. Mā te whai i ēnei hīkoi tiaki māmā, ka taea te pupuri i te kanapa me te tino o te kohatu mō ngā whakatupuranga.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He Grossular a Kariri?
Ae. Ko te Grossular he mema pono o te whānau garnet, e whakarōpūhia ana e te pūtaiao hei momo garnet, kaua he momo rerekē. Ko ngā garnet e tautuhia ana e te hanganga karaihe tūtahi me te whakatakotoranga matū whānui, ā, ko te grossular te tohu whakamutunga o te konupūmā–konumohe o tēnei rōpū.
I roto i te mātai kohatu, ko te kohatu e kīia ana he grossular, he kāneti tērā i runga i te whakamāramatanga.
He onge te Grossular Garnet?
Ko te kōhatu grossular ehara i te mea onge, engari ko te grossular e rite ana ki te kounga o te kohatu whakapaipai i ētahi tae – pērā i te tsavorite kākāriki hāura, kohatu kahakore rānei – he mea onge. Ko te onge e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te tae, te māramatanga, me te takenga whenua.