Ko te whakamātautau kōtaha tētahi o ngā tikanga tawhito me te pono rawa atu e whakamahia ana hei tautuhi kōhatu. Ka whakaatu i te tae pono o te kōhatu i roto i te āhua paura, kaua i te āhua o te mata. Ahakoa e whakamahia whānuitia ana tēnei tikanga i roto i te matawhenua me te mātai kōhatu, ka whakarōpūtia hei whakamātautau kōhatu whakamōtī, ā, he uaua te mahi ki ngā kōhatu whakapaipai kua oti te hanga nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakamātautau, te whakakino rānei i ō rātou mata.
I roto i te tautuhi kohuke, he maha ake nga korero e whakaratohia ana e te kiri i te tae e kitea ana. Ka rereke te tae o te mata na te poke, te whakapouri, te rama, te hanganga karaihe ranei. Heoi, ina whakahekehia te kohuke ki te paura, ka whakaata tika ake te tae o te kiri i tona hanganga matū.
Me pēwhea te Mahi o te Whakamātautau Rārangi
Ko te whakamātautau kōtaha ka mahia mā te whakamahi i tētahi pereti porcelain kāore i whakakikoruatia, e mōhiotia ana ko te pereti kōtaha. Ko te pakeke o te pereti i te nuinga o te wā kei te 6.5 ki te 7 i runga i te tauine Mohs. Hei mahi i te whakamātautau, ka toia tētahi tauira kōhatu ki runga i te pereti, ka waiho he rārangi o te rauemi puehu.
Mēnā he ngāwari te kohuke i te pereti whakapuru, ka puta he ara paura e kitea ana. Mēnā he pakeke ake i te pereti, ka waruhia te porcelain, kaua e waiho he ara. I ēnei āhuatanga, ka tuhia te hua hei “kāore he ara.”
Ko te mātāpono matua he māmā: ko te kōpae e tohu ana i te tae puehu o te kōhatu, he maha ake te tātaritanga i te tae o te kirikiri o waho.
Te Tūtohu Tāutu Tae o te Rārangi
| Kohatu / Karaihe | Te pakeke o Mohs | Tātai Matū | Tae Tae Tae | Tae Kanoa | Tuhipoka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koata | 7 | SiO₂ | Momo | White | Kohatu tino noa |
| Ametita | 7 | SiO₂ | Papura | White | Ka puta te tae i te rino |
| Kiripaka | 7 | SiO₂ | Kōwhai | White | He whakamahana i te nuinga o te wā |
| Kohatu Rōhi | 7 | SiO₂ | Māwhero | White | He nui te āhua |
| Koata Pungarehu | 7 | SiO₂ | Brown | White | Tae mai te iraruke |
| Kariri | 6.5–7.5 | (Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃ | Whero / He maha | White | Kāore e tino wehe atu i te rārangi |
| Peridot | 6.5–7 | (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ | Kākāriki | White | Idiochromatic |
| Topaz | 8 | Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂ | Momo | White | Pakeke 8 |
| Akuamarina | 7.5–8 | Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ | Kikorangi | White | He momo rite ki te emerara |
| Emerald | 7.5–8 | Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ | Kākāriki | White | He kōpī tonu ahakoa te pakeke |
| Ruby | 9 | Al₂O₃ | Whero | White | Toe whakapā atu ki a Chromium |
| Pounamu | 9 | Al₂O₃ | Kikorangi / Ngā momo | White | Ko ngā tae katoa, engari ko te whero. |
| Taimana | 10 | Kia ora! Kei te pai ahau, he kaiwhakamaori paetukutuku ngaio ahau. Tēnā, homai te tuhinga e hiahia ana koe kia whakamaoritia, ā, ka mahia e au ki te reo Māori (mi). | Kāore he tae | Kāore (he uaua rawa) | Pakeke 10 |
| Opal | 5.5–6.5 | SiO₂·nH₂O | Momo | White | Hanganga amorphous |
| Turquoise | 5–6 | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | Kikorangi-kākāriki | Mā ki te kōwhai kikorangi | Porous |
| Tanzanite | 6–7 | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH) | Kikorangi-whero | White | Ko te tikanga ka whakamahana |
| Spinel | 8 | MgAl₂O₄ | Momo | White | I te nuinga o te wā ka rangirua ki te rupi |
| Kohatu | 6–6.5 | (K,Na)AlSi₃O₈ | Mā teatea | White | Ko te rōpū Feldspar |
| Alexandrite | 8.5 | BeAl₂O₄ | Kākāriki ki te whero | White | Pāngarau huru |
| Malachite | 3.5–4 | Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂ | Kākāriki kanapa | Kākāriki māota | Koaka parahi ngawari |
| Azurite | 3.5–4 | Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂ | Kikorangi hōhonu | Kikorangi māmā | He maha ngā wā me te malachite |
| Koekoeka | 2–4 | (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O | Kikorangi-kākāriki | Pounamu kākāriki ki te kikorangi | Tino rawa |
| Cuprite | 3.5–4 | Cu₂O | Whero pōuri | Pūwhero-parauri | He kūmata whero mātoru |
| Bornite | 3 | Cu₅FeS₄ | He parauri ki te tara whero | Pango-uri-pango | Ko te Peacock ore |
| Chalcopyrite | 3.5–4 | CuFeS₂ | Kōwhai kōwhai | Pangoā-pangoā | He māmā te whakapirau |
| Pāremata Tiamu | 2.5–3 | Ko | Whero-whero | Whero-whero | Metallic, malleable |
| Tenorite | 3.5–4 | CuO | Pango | Pango | Konganake parāhea |
Ko nga taimana Allochromatic me Idiochromatic me nga Rarangi
I ro ki te whakamātau i te tāwhana i roto i te tautuhi kōhatu, he mea nui kia mārama ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kōhatu allochromatic me ngā kōhatu idiochromatic. Ko ēnei momo e rua e whakamārama ana he aha ētahi kōhatu e whakaatu ana i ngā tae tāwhana e rerekē ana i te āhua o te mata.Ko ngā kōhatu allochromatic e whiwhi tae ai i ngā parakore iti, kaua i te hanganga matū matua. Ko te kōhatu taketake he kore tae, he mā rānei i te āhua parakore. Hei tauira, ko te Quartz ka puta he waiporoporo, he kōwhai, he auahi rānei i runga i ngā parakore iti, i te whakapā iraruke rānei, engari he mā tonu tana tāwhana nā te mea ko te paura e whakaata ana i te hanganga silicon dioxide o raro.
Ko tētahi atu tauira ko te Korundumu. Ahakoa ko ngā momo rupi me te hapaira e whakaatu ana i ngā tae whero hōhonu, kahurangi rānei nā te parakore o te chromium, te rino rānei, he mā te kōwiri o te korundumu.Hei tauaro, ko ngā kohatu idiochromatic e whiwhi ana i ō rātou tae mai i ngā huānga matua i roto i tā rātou tātai matū. He mea taketake te tae ki te tuakiri o te kōhatu. He kākāriki te malachite nā te mea kei roto te parahi i tōna hanganga, ā, ka waiho e ia he kōwiri kākāriki. He kahurangi te azurite mō te take kotahi, ā, ka waiho e ia he kōwiri kahurangi mā.Hei whakarāpopototanga, he maha ngā wā ka puta mai i ngā kōhatu allochromatic he kōwiri mā, engari ko ngā kōhatu idiochromatic ka nui ake te tūpono ki te whakaputa i tētahi kōwiri tae e rite ana ki tō rātou hanganga matū—mehemea he ngawari rawa ki te waiho i tētahi.
Ngā Tikanga Whakamātau i te Rārangi
Ka mahia te whakamātautau kōwiri mā te whakamahi i tētahi pereti porcelain kāore i whakakarakarahia, e kīia ana he pereti kōwiri. Ko te pakeke o te pereti i te nuinga o te wā kei te 6.5 ki te 7 i runga i te tauine Mohs.
Ko te tikanga whai tikanga e whai ake nei:
- Whiriwhiria tētahi pereti kiriweti mā, kore kara (he mā te nuinga hei whakapai ake i te āhua).
- Kia mau ki te tauira kohuke.
- Tōia i te tapa kotahi o te tauira ki te papa me te pēhanga pūmau.
- Tirohia te tae o te rārangi paura i mahue mai.
Mēnā he ngāwari ake te kohuke i te pereti, ka waiho he kōwata e kitea ana. Mēnā he pakeke ake, ka waruhia te pereti, kaua e puta he puehu. I taua wā, ka tuhia te hua hei “kore kōwata.”
Nā te mea ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakamātautau i ngā mata orohia, ka whakaarohia he whakamātautau whakamōtī ina whakamahia ki ngā kohatu whakapaipai kua oti.
He aha te Rerekētanga i waenga i te Gemology me te Mineralogy mō te Whakamātautau Whakapapa?
Ahakoa he mea taketake te whakamātautau kiri i roto i te mātai kōhatu, he iti rawa tōna mahi i roto i te mātai kohatu utu nui.
I roto i te mātai kohuke, he taputapu tautohu noa, whai hua hoki te whakamātautau kiri. He maha ngā wā ka mahi ngā tohunga mātai kohuke ki ngā tauira taratara, pōuri hoki, kāore e tino whakaitihia te uara mēnā ka whakapāia te mata. Ka taea e te tae kiri te wehewehe tere i waenga i ngā kohuke e rite ana te āhua o waho, inarā ngā kohuke whakarewa.
I roto i te mahi gemology, heoi, ko te tiaki te mea nui. Ka tirohia e ngā tohunga gemologist ngā kōhatu kua whakakoi, kua orohia, he nui te uara pūtea. Ko te waruhia o te mata o te kōhatu utu nui ka pākino tonu tōna whakakoi me te whakaheke i tōna utu mākete. Nō reira, ka whakawhirinaki ngā tohunga gemologist ki ngā tikanga kore-pākino pēnei i te whakamātautau taupū whakaata, te whakanui, te spectroscopy, me te inenga taumaha motuhake hei whakakapi i te whakamātautau kōwiri.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mea nui tonu te whakamātautau kiriata i roto i te pūtaiao kōhatu, engari he uaua te tika ki te aromatawai kōhatu whakapaipai ngaio nā te āhua whakakino.