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Creedite

Ko te Creedite he kohuke haurua onge e kitea ana i roto i nga putunga o te whenua kua whakawhanaungia, e mohiotia ana e ona tioata monoclinic motuhake mai i te kore tae ki te karaka me te papura.
Creedite Raraunga Kohuke
Tātai Matū Ca₃Al₂(SO₄)(F,OH)₁₀ · 2H₂O
Rōpū Kōhuke Hawaride (Konumohe haukura matatini)
Whakaaturanga Monoklinika (Piritimati) Rōpū Mokowā: C2/c
Te Tūturu Kupenga a = 13.53 Å, b = 8.51 Å, c = 9.93 Å, β = 94.49°, Z = 4
Te tikanga karaihe He āhua pōhue ki te āhua ngira, he maha tonu ngā wā ka puta hei kāhui whiti, hei kāhui porotaka rānei o ngā tioata āhua ngira; ka taea hoki te kirikiri, te pūkoru rānei.
Āhuatanga Whatu Kore. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō tōna kanapa hīhī vitreo-adamantine mai i ngā whakarōpū kiripiri mātotoru.
Āwhi Tae kore tae, mā, māwhero māmā, parakaraka hohonu, parakaraka whero, pāpura, kikorangi māmā
Te pakeke o Mohs 3.5 - 4.0
Te pakeke o Knoop Kāore i whakatūria (Ngāwari me te pākikini).
Rārangi White
Te Tauākī Whakaata (RI) nα = 1.461, nβ = 1.478, nγ = 1.485
Pūāhua Tirohanga Whakaaro-rua (-)
Pleochroism Kore ki te tino ngoikore. Ko ngā momo tae ka whakaatu i ngā nekehanga atarangi iti.
Whakamararatanga Mai i te āhua ki te kaha (r > v)
Te Whakawhiti Wera Iti. He kino te kawe wera.
Te Whakahaere Hiko Kore i te whakahaere (Kaiwhakawaha).
Tūāwhiora Whakauru Kāore he rārangi whakauru tātae i raro i te pūtaiao whakamārama mārama ā-ira e whānui ana.
Whitiā Ka whakaatu pea i te mārama mā iti ki te āhua, kākāriki kōrari, he kōwhai-mā rānei i raro i te rama UV poto (SW).
Te Taumaha Motuhake (SG) 2.71 – 2.73
Whakakā (Pōrihi) He kirikōnui, i ētahi wā ka anga ki te pīataata i ngā mata karaihe.
Māramatanga Pūata ki te pūataata.
Wehenga / Whatiwhati Pai rawa atu i runga i te {100} / He kōpiko.
Pakeke / Toa Pākākā; he tino pākākā inā ka kitea hei whakahiatotanga ngira.
Te Putanga Whenua He kōhatu tuarua onge i hua mai i ngā rohe whakamaoa o ngā putunga waiāwhā o te konukura, molybdenum, me te tīni e whai ana i te pūkōhatu fluorite.
Ngā whakaurunga Ka taea te whakauru i ngā whakauru wai, i ngā whakauru moroiti iti rānei o ngā waikura rino e pā ana e whakarangatira ana i ōna momo karaka.
Te rewa He mātāmuri pōturi i roto i ngā waikawa mahana, inoatia te waikawa haukarota (HCl) me te waikawa whanariki.
Pūmau Pūmau i raro i ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi noa, engari me tiaki mai i ngā pāpātanga ā-tinana me te wera nui.
Ngā kohuke e pā ana Puruoraiti, Paraiti, Kuata, Kaorinaiti, Hemimoropaiti, Mitihonaiti, me Marakaiti
Maimoatanga Tikanga Kāore e whakamahia; he tikanga te pupuri i tōna āhua kiripiri māori. Ko te horoi māmā ki te wai tātā he tikanga.
He Tauira Rongonui He kāhui druse nui rawa atu, kōwhai karaka kaha, me ngā momo papura i kitea i te maina o Navidad, i Durango, i Mexico.
Etymology I whakaingoatia i te tau 1916 i muri i tōna wāhi momo e tata ana ki Creede, Mineral County, Colorado, USA.
Whakarōpūtanga Strunz 3.CG.15 (Haoride; Haoride matatini; Aluminofluorides me te SO₄).
Ngā Wāhi Tūturu Colorado Gypsum Hoop Creek, Creede, Colorado, USA (Te Wāhi Taketake); Navidad Mine, Rodeo, Durango, Mēhiko; Akchatau Mine, Karaganda Rohe, Kazahitāna.
Te iririkitanga Karekau. He kohuke kore irirangi.
Pāitanga Kei roto he fluorine. Kia tūpato ki te manawa i te puehu ina pakaru, ina waerau rānei; horoi āta i ngā ringa i muri i te whakahaere i ngā tauira mata.
Tohu & Tikanga E tino whakanuia ana e ngā kaikohi kohuke mō te ātaahua o ngā hanganga ngira e whiti ana me te kaha o ngā whakarōpū āhuahanga.

Ko te Creedite he kohuke pākawa konupūmā konumohe pūkawa pākawa iti e whakamīharo ana, me te tātai matū pai ko Ca₃Al₂(SO₄)(F,OH)₁₀·2H₂O, no te akomanga kohuke pūkawa. Ka whakakikoruatia i roto i te pūnaha kirikata monoclinic, ā, e mōhiotia nuitia ana mō ōna āhua kirikata whakamīharo, e whai ana i ngā tioata roa pūtakapū, ngira, me te mea ngira e whakaritea ana ki ngā rehu hurihuri, ngā whakaranu ā-porohita, ngā tautau rite ki te tūkinikini, me ngā uhi mātotoru. Ko te kohuke e whakaatu ana i te kanapa karaihe ki te peara, he kiri mā, he wehenga tino pai i te papa {100}, me te pakeke o Mohs e 3.5 ki te 4. Ko te creedite parakore he kore tae ki te mā, he mārama ki te mārama rawa, ahakoa ko ngā parakore tohu me ngā whakaurunga mātotoru ka puta mai ngā atarangi ataahua o te parakini, te amipere, te kōwhai, te parauri, te waiporoporo, me te rirā. Nōna te matū pākawa nui, te āhua kirikata whakamīharo, me te onge, kua waiho te creedite hei kohuke pākawa tuarua e tino hiahiatia ana e ngā kaikohikohi me ngā tohunga kohuke.

Ka puta te creedite hei kohuke supergene tuarua i roto i ngā rohe waikura o ngā putunga kohuke waiariki e whai fluorine ana. Ka tīmata tōna hanganga ina uru te wai whenua hāora ki roto i ngā uaua kohuke whai sulfur, ā, ka tīmata te waikura o ngā kohuke matua pērā i te galena, te sphalerite, me te pyrite. Ko tēnei tukanga e whakaputa ana i ngā wairewa waikawa whai sulfate ka tauhohe ki ngā putanga fluorite huri noa me ngā toka kaihautū konumohe. I te mea e whakaurua ai te fluorine, te konupūmā, te konumohe, me ngā katote sulfate ki roto i ngā rua, ngā kapiti, me ngā poka, ka pōturi te whakaōrite, te whakaetotanga, me te whakamātao o ngā wai kohuke, ka whakakoio te creedite i te wairewa. Nā te mea e hiahiatia ana he huinga tino motuhake o te wātea fluorine, ngā wai whai sulfate, me ngā pūtake konumohe, he kohuke tino nunui te creedite i te taiao. Ka noho tahi ia me ētahi atu kohuke tuarua tae atu ki te fluorite, te barite, te celestine, te anglesite, te gypsum, te quartz, me te limonite, hei taunakitanga nui mō ngā tukanga matū whenua uaua e puta ana i ngā wā whakamutunga o te panoni putunga kohuke waiariki.

Creedite i tautuhia tuatahitia, ā, i whakamāramatia pūtaiao i te tau 1916 mai i ētahi tauira i kohia i te Colorado Central Fluorspar Mill e tata ana ki Creede, Mineral County, Colorado, USA, te wāhi i takea ai te ingoa o te kohuke. I mōhio ngā tohunga kohuke o Amerika, a Eliot S. Larsen Jr. rāua ko George Steiger, he momo kohuke hou tēnei i te wā e tirohia ana ētahi tauira i kohia i ngā mahi keri fluorite. Whai muri i te kitenga tuatahi, i kitea ētahi atu putanga ki ētahi whenua maha, i whakawhānui ake i te mātauranga pūtaiao mō te tohatoha ā-whenua o te kohuke. Ko ētahi o ngā tauira tino pai rawa atu i kitea i ahu mai i ngā rohe keri rongonui o Naica, Santa Eulalia, me Durango i Mexico, i reira ngā kohinga karaka tino pai i kukume i te aro o te ao ki ngā kaikohi. I muri mai, i kitea ētahi kitenga ki Kazakhstan, otirā ki Akchatau me Ortatau, i whakaputa i ngā momo papura me te mawhero e kiia nei ko ētahi o ngā tauira creedite tino ātaahua e mōhiotia ana. I ēnei rā, he kohuke nui tonu te creedite mō te rangahau pūtaiao me ngā kohinga kounga whare taonga, nā te mea he onge, he ahurei tōna matū, ā, he āhua tino pai ngā whakapapa tioata.

Hanganga Karaihe, Tae, me ngā Āhuatanga Whatu

Ka tio te Creedite ki te pūnaha tio monokīnikī, ā, he hanganga tio whāwhāhua tōna, i hanga mai i ngā polyhedra konupūmā, octahedra konumohe, tetrahedra pūkawa, me ngā rōpū waiwaro e whai huka nui ana. Ko tēnei whakaritenga ngota e whakatairanga ana i te whakawhanaketanga o ngā tio kua roa nei te āhua o te poro, te kōiwi, me te ngira, e whakaputa ai i ngā rehu whiti hīrangi, ngā whakahuihui porowhita, ngā tautau tohorā, me ngā panipani rōpū. He maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana ngā tio takitahi i ngā whakaotinga kua tino whanakehia me te mārama tino pai, ā, ko ngā rōpū tio kāpīpītītia ka taea te hanga i ngā tauira kōhatu whakamīharo e arohaina ana e ngā kaikohi. Ko te hanganga tio tino ngāwari o te kōhatu e whakaatahia ana i tōna pakeke āhua āhua me te wehenga tino pai, ngā āhuatanga e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā kōhatu pūkawa whāwhāhua.

I roto i tōna āhua mā, he korekore te korekore ki te mā, me te mārama ki te mārama; heoi, ka whakaatu ngā tauira māori i te whānuitanga o ngā tae e puta mai ana i ngā parahanga whaiwāhi me ngā āhuatanga matawhenua i te wā o te whakatōpūtanga. Ko ngā momo kāriki, amipere, honi-kōwhai, me te parauri e kīia ana i ahu mai i ngā whakaurunga iti o te waikura rino, ko ngā tauira papura, rēwena, me te ririka he mea hua mai i ngā whakakapinga huānga whaiwāhi me ngā taiao whakatipu karaehe. I runga i te tirohanga kanohi, ko te koraite e whakaatu ana i te kanapa karaihe ki te kanapa peara, he tae mā te tae, me te ānau ngāwari e rite ana ki tōna hangarau pūhiko. Ka taea e ngā karaehe kounga teitei te whakaatu i te pīataata me te whiti mārama, ā, ko ngā whakahuihui nui e whakaputa ana i te āhuatanga kapokapo e whakanui ana i te ātaahua o te kōhuke, ka waiho ai te koraite hei tētahi o ngā kōhuke pākawa waro tuarua tino motuhake e kitea ana i ngā wāhanga whakaweriweka waiariki.

Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me te Matū

Ko te Creedite he kohuke whakarehu mākū, he pākawa haumate konutea konumohe whakarehu rawa, e ai ki te tātai ariā ko Ca₃Al₂(SO₄)(F,OH)₁₀·2H₂O, nō reira kei roto i ngā momo uaua o te karaehe kohuke pākawa haumate. Ko tōna hanganga e whakauru ana i te konutea me te konumohe e hono tahi ana ki ngā rōpū pākawa haumate, te fluorine, ngā katote hauwai, me ngā ngota wai, ka puta he anga whakarehu rawa e whakaatu ana i tōna takenga mai i raro i te pāmahana iti i te mata o te whenua. Ko te pakeke o te kohuke ki te Mohs he 3.5–4, nō reira he māmā noa iho ki te whakataurite ki te maha o ngā kohuke whakatuwhenua noa, ā, ko tōna taumaha motuhake i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 2.70 me te 2.85. Ko te Creedite e whakaatu ana i te wehenga tino pai i runga i te mata {100}, he mārokiroki te pakeke, he wehenga koretake ki te āhua o te anga waipara. Ko tōna kanapa he rerekē mai i te karaihe ki te peara, ina koa ki ngā mata wehenga, engari ko te tītaha he mā tonu ahakoa te tae o te tauira. Nā tōna hanganga mākū me tōna taiao hanga tuarua, he tino ngāwari te Creedite ki te huarere, ā, ka taea te panoni haere i raro i te wā roa e pā ana ki ngā tikanga waikawa, ki ngā taiao kore i te pūmau. Mai i te tirohanga matapae whenua, he mea nui te kohuke nā te mea ko tōna putanga e whakaatu ana i te whakakori me te whakakoi o ngā katote fluorine, konutea, konumohe, me te pākawa haumate i te wā o te whakawhāiti o ngā pūranga ohauru whakamātao. Nō reira, ka noho te Creedite hei tohu kohuke nui mō ngā tukanga mata o te whenua e whai kiko ana te fluorine, ā, e whakarato ana i ngā mōhiotanga whai hua e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te wai, te matū whakawhāiti, me te panoni ā-muri i roto i ngā pūnaha kohuke kua whakawhāititia.

Whakamahinga me ngā Āhuatanga Wairua

Ahakoa te onge me te āhuatanga ataahua, kāore he whakamahinga ahumahi, arumoni rānei a te creedite nā te iti o te nui, te ngāwari o te hanga karaihe, me te iti o te pakeke. Ko tōna uara matua kei roto i te ao pūtaiao o te kohuke, te whenua, me te kohikohi kohuke. Ka rangahaua e ngā kairangahau te creedite kia pai ake ai te mārama ki te whanonga matū o te pūkorukoru me te whāpiapia e mau ana i te wē i roto i ngā taiao wera hāora, ā, ka āwhina tōna putanga ki te whakahōputu anō i te whakapaparanga me te hītori whakarerekētanga o ngā pūranga kohuke. Ki ngā kaikohikohi, e kiia ana ko te creedite tētahi o ngā kohuke tuarua whāpiapia tino ātaahua, inā koa ka kitea hei tautau haere o ngā karaihe orange māramarama, amipere, he papura onge rānei. Ko ngā tauira tino nui mai i Mehiko me Kazakhstan e tino rapuhia ana, ā, e whakaatuhia ana i ngā kohinga whare taonga, whare wānanga, me ngā whakaaturanga kohuke matua puta noa i te ao. I tua atu i tōna uara pūtaiao me te uara kohikohi, kua rongonui hoki te creedite i roto i ngā hapori whakapono me te whakaora karaihe. E kiia ana he kohatu mō te whakawhānui wairua, te mōhiotanga teitei, me te whakamā huanga, me tōna hanga karaihe e whiti ana e tohu ana i te rerenga o te pūngao pai me te mōhiotanga teitei. He maha ngā kaimahi e hono ana i te creedite ki te mōhio whakaroto ā-wairua, te whakaaroaro, te māramatanga kare-ā-roto, me te hono ki ngā ao wairua teitei, inā koa i te wā e mahi ana ki ngā tauira papura onge. Ahakoa kāore enei āhuatanga whakapono e tautokona e ngā taunakitanga pūtaiao, kua whai wāhi nui rātou ki te rongonui o te kohuke i waenga i ngā kaingākau karaihe. I tēnei wā, kei te noho motuhake te creedite hei kohuke e whakamihihia ana i te wā kotahi mō tōna hiranga matawhenua, tōna kaha ki te kohikohi, tōna ātaahua o te karaihe, me tōna noho tonu i roto i ngā tikanga whakapono hou.

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