Celestite, he tuhi anō Heretini, he momo pūngao whakaputa strontium tūturu (SrSO₄) e mōhiotia ana mō tōna tae kahurangi āhua ngāwari me te ātaahua kirikiri. Ko te ingoa o te kohuke i ahu mai i te reo Rātini rangi, te tikanga o te “tino ataahua,” he tohutoro ki tēnei tae āhuatanga. He pūtaiao, he mea nui te celestite hei puna nui o te strontium me te tohu kōhatu i ngā taiao parataiao. Ahakoa ētahi tauira ātaahua ka tapahia, ka whakaaturia rānei e ngā kaikohi, ko ōna āhuatanga tinana e whāiti ana i tana whakamahinga whaihua ki ngā whakapaipai tikanga.
Te Tuakiri me te Whakarōpūtanga o te Kōhatu
Ko te Celestite he momo kohuke whānui o te rōpū sulfate, e whai pānga tata ana ki te barite (BaSO₄) me te anglesite (PbSO₄). Ka hanga ēnei kohuke i te raupapatanga e huri ai te katote matua mai i te strontium i te mutunga o te celestite ki te barium i roto i te barite. Ko ēnei kohuke e toru ka whakakitea i roto i ngā hanganga e pāngia ana i roto i te pūnaha tioata orthorhombic, e whakaatu ana i te āhua rite o te anion sulfate (SO₄²⁻) e whakakotahi ana ki ngā katote maitai rerekē.
I roto i te matū, ko te celestite e whakaatu ana i te whanonga whakaroanga-totika iti me te barite, ā, i ētahi wā me ētahi atu pākawa waro, i runga anō i te matū o te rohe i te wā o te whakapūtake. Ko tēnei kaha ki te whakakapi i ngā pūmotu e whakamārama ana i te putanga o te kōhatu ki ngā horopaki whenua rerekē me te whānuitanga o ngā tae e kitea ana i ngā tauira.
Tae me te Rerekētanga
Ahakoa e mōhio whānui ana te nuinga ki ngā āhua kikorangi mākū o te celestite, ka taea hoki e te kohuke te whakaatu i te whānuitanga atu o ngā tae, tae atu ki te kore tae, te mā, te kōwhai, te karaka, me ngā āhua whero, kākāriki ranei e kore e kitea. Ko ēnei rerekētanga tae he mea whakaputa nā ngā whakaurunga matū iti, ngā hē paku o te hanganga, ngā whakaurunga wai rānei i te wā e tipu ana.
Ko ngā tauira kahurangi-puru tawhito e tino hono ana ki te tino māramatanga, ā, e tino rerekē ana ki ngā hapa hanganga o roto, e ataahua ana ki te titiro hei taonga kohinga, hei kohatu whakapaipai i ētahi wā.
Te Hanganga Whenua me te Putanga
Ngā Horopaki Paratuhua me Ngā Horopaki Whakaetonga
Ko te Celestite e whakaputa ana i te nuinga o te wā ki ngā pūtākii evaporite me ngā toka parataiao, inarā ko ngā kōwhatu kōpura-kauruku me ngā taiao rohe herea e uru ai te wai tai, te wai tote rānei i te whenua ki te kukū mā te whakaetonga, te tukanga diagenetic rānei. I ēnei taiao, ka eke ngā katote sulfate me te strontium ki te nui e taea ai te whakaputa i ngā tioata celestite i roto i ngā rua, ngā whati, ngā mokowā peka rānei.
Ka taea hoki te kohuke te tipu mā te whakakapinga whakaheke, i reira ka pāhekoheko te konutea strontium i tukuna i te wā o te pakaruhanga o ngā kohuke warowā, me te pūngāwhā i roto i te wai whenua, hei whakaputa i ngā kiripiri celestite motuhake.
Ngā wāhi tino nui o te celestite kei roto:
- Madagascar, inaoake te pūranga Sakoany, e mōhiotia ana mō ngā toka karakata nunui me te tae whairawa.
- Amerika – Ohio (Crystal Cave), Michigan, Texas, me New York kua whakaputa mai i ngā tauira rongonui.
- Ētahi atu rohe pērā i a Kānata (tae atu ki ngā tioata karaka onge), Namīpia, Ingarangi, Itāria, Īhipa, Pāniora, me Tūnihia.
Ko ēnei putanga e horahia ana puta noa i ngā rua parataiao kanorau me ngā rua whakaetonga, e whakaatu ana i te whānuitanga o te tohatoha ā-taiao o te selestait.
Hiranga Matū Whenua me te Puna Strontium
Mai i te taha matū o te whenua, ko te celestite te puna māori matua o te strontium, he metara whenua e whakamahia ana i roto i te mahi pārotu, te hangarua karaihe, me te uaka motuhake. Ko te strontium i tangohia mai i te celestite ka hurihia hei strontium carbonate, hei strontium nitrate rānei mō te whakamahi ahumahi.
I roto i te mātai whenua parataiao, ko te noho o te celestite i roto i te raupapa toka ka taea te whakamahi hei tohu mō ngā āhuatanga tote o mua, te whanaketanga o te wai, me ngā taumata whakawhāiti o te puna. Ko ngā ōwehenga irirangi strontium i roto i te celestite e whakarato ana hoki i ngā raraunga whai hua mō te hanga anō i te hanganga wai moana o mua me te whakahonohono i ngā waeine paparanga i runga i ngā tawhiti nui.
Ngā Tirohanga Mātauranga Pounamu
Te Tika Hei Kohatu Taonga
Ahakoa he ātaahua ngā kara e rite ana ki te kahurangi rangi o te celestite me tōna māramatanga whakahirahira, he rite tonu ki ētahi kōhatu rangatira rongonui, engari ko ōna āhuatanga tinana he herenga nui ki tōna whakamahinga ki ngā whakakai tawhito. He 3–3.5 anake tōna pakeke o Mohs, ā, he tino māhorahora tōna wehenga ki ngā ahunga maha, he tino māhaki atu te celestite i ngā rawa kōhatu noa, nā reira ka tino pāngia e ngā waruhanga me ngā wehenga wehenga. Nā reira, he mea uaua tonu te kite i te celestite kua kōwhaiwhaihia, he mea rahui mā ngā kaikohi motuhake, mā ngā whakaaturanga whare taonga rānei, kaua mā te whakamahi i ia rā. Waihoki, he tino pāngia te kōhatu nei e ngā āhuatanga taiao; mēnā ka roa te wā e whiti ana te rama tōtika, ka memeha te kara “rangi” o te tae kikorangi, ā, mēnā ka neke ake te mahana i te 200°C, ka tino kore e taea te whakahoki te hanganga o te kōhatu.
Kaiwhakaemi me te Whakamahi Whakaatu
I roto i ngā mahi whakairo kohatu, ko te celestite he mea hanga ki te tapahi takahanga, ki te tapahi emerald rānei hei whakanui i te pupuri taumaha me te whakaatu i tōna māramatanga māori. Ahakoa te ngāwari o te rauemi e uaua ana te whakaputa i ngā kohatu whakairo nui, ka taea e ētahi tauira tino whakamiharo o te whare taonga te eke ki te tekau karati, ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā tapahi arumoni e noho ana i raro i te toru karati. I tua atu i te mākete motuhake mō ngā kohatu whakairo, ko te celestite e tino wāriutia ana i tōna āhua kohuke māori. Ko ngā kiriata nui kapi ki te tioata, inarā ko ērā i ahu mai i Madagascar, e tino kāmehamehatia ana mō te whakaaturanga ā-whare me ngā kohinga kohuke nā te āhua o ngā tapa tioata me te kaha o te tae.
Tiaki me te Whakahaere
Na tōna tino whakaraerae, me āta whakahaere te celestite kia kore e pākia. Me horoi mā te whakamahi i te paraihe ngohe me te horoi māmā i roto i te wai māhana, nā te mea ko ngā matū kaha, ko ngā horoi ororongo rānei ka ārahi ki te whati tonu. Ki te whakaurua te kōhatu ki roto i ngā whakapaipai, me whai whakamarumaru pēnei i te piata, hei tiaki i ngā tapa mai i te pānga. I tua atu, me tino tūpato ngā kaihanga whakapaipai i ngā wā whakatika, nā te mea ko te whakamahana mai i te rama, te whakapā atu rānei ki te mārama kaha o te whare mahi, ka puta he ngaronga pūmau o te tae, he wera ohorere rānei.
Whakatauritenga ki ngā kohuke e pā ana
Celestite ka whakaritea i te nuinga o te wā ki ētahi atu kohuke pākawa whā:
- Pārite (BaSO₄): he rite te hanga engari he nui ake te kiato me te pakeke i te celestite, me te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga ahumahi.
- Anglesite (PbSO₄): Ko te tikanga ka puta i ngā rohe whakahaora o ngā pūtonga mata, ā, he horopaki papatūānuku rerekē tōna i te celestite.
Ko te raupapa whakawhiti i waenga i te barite me te celestite e whakaatu ana i te pānga o te whakakapi katote ki te pūmau, te āhua, me te putanga o te kōhuke i te taiao.
Ko te Celestite he kohuke maha e herea ana i te ahuwhenua me te tohunga kohatu. He mea hanga mai i te strontium sulfate, ka tioata i roto i te pūnaha orthorhombic, e whakaatu ana i ōna tirohanga ki ngā taiao whakaetonga tawhito me te nekehanga o te strontium puta noa i te kirinuku o te whenua. Ahakoa e whakaitia ana e ōna āhuatanga tinana te whakamahi i ngā whakapaipai tikanga, ko tōna ātaahua me tōna horopaki pūtaiao whai rawa e noho ai hei kohuke whai pūtake mō ngā kaikohikohi me ngā kairangahau.