Ko te Bustamite he kohuke kirikiri manganihi onge e mōhiotia ana mō ōna tae māwhero ki te whero ātaahua me te matū tioata uaua. Ahakoa kāore i te whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā whakapaipai auraki, he kaha te aro o Bustamite ki ngā kaikohi kohuke me ngā kaingākau kohatu utu nā te tae oraora, te onge o te whenua, me te hononga ki ngā wāhi kohuke rongonui puta noa i te ao.
He aha te Bustamite?
He konupora inosilicate onge me whakamīharo, ko Bustamite e tautuhia ana e te tātai matū (Mn,Ca)₃Si₃O₉ a, nō te rōpū pyroxenoid o ngā taura silicate—he whānau hanganga e pātata ana ki ngā pyroxene engari ka rerekē i ōna whakaritenga ngota motuhake. I whakaahuatia ōkawa i te tau 1822, ā, i tapaina ki te ingoa o te Perehitini o mua o Mexico, a Anastasio Bustamante, i kitea tuatahitia tēnei kohuke ki Mexico, engari mai i taua wā kua kitea ki ngā taiao parawhawhai maha e whai manganese ana puta noa i te ao. I te taha o te mātai kohuke, he tata-māhanga ki te rhodonite; ko ō rāua ōrite i te hanganga me te hanganga tioata triclinic e uaua ai te wehewehe ki te kore he whakamātautau taumaha. Kāore i rite ki ngā kowhatu tāuta noa pēnei i te quartz e hangaia ana i te hauhā silicon dioxide te nuinga, ko te tuakiri o Bustamite e hangaia ana e te nui o te manganese, e mahi ana hei papanga māori hei whakaputa i te āwhio whakamīharo o ngā pīngōngutu māeneene, ngā rohi-whero, me ētahi wā ko ngā tae parakareti-karaka hōhonu. Ka puta i ngā putunga manganese parawhawhai i reira e whakapā atu ana te kōhatu pākeho me ētahi atu kōhatu rite, e taea ai e te konupūmā me te manganese te here ki ngā taura silicate i roto i ngā wā tawhito. Ahakoa he uaua te kite i ngā tioata tino pai, ka kitea i roto i ngā whakahuihui papatipu, pītoitoi, me te muka. Ahakoa tōna mārō āhua me te māheuheu motuhake e whakaiti ana i tōna noho ki ngā whakakai auraki, ka nui te whakanuia o te kohuke e ngā kaikohi me ngā kaitoi kowhatu mō tōna ātaahua pūmahana me tōna uaua ā-taiao.
Kei te whakamahia te Bustamite ki roto i ngā whakapaipai?
Pale pink me te whero parauri bustamite ka taea te hanga i ngā kohatu whakairo tino ātaahua. Engari, he onge ngā kohatu rahi, ā, he uaua ki te tapahi.
I te mutunga, he kohuke a bustamite e tino pai ake ana mō ngā whakaaturanga whiriwhiri o te kohinga kohatu utu nui i te taumahatanga o te whakatakotoranga whakapaipai. He mārō āhua, mai i te 5.5 ki te 6.5 i te tauine Mohs, ā, kei reira hoki te wehenga tino tika me te pai. ngā papatahi māwāwae I ngā aronga e rua, ka noho tonu te kōhatu ki te whakaraerae ki ngā rakuraku o te mata me te whatiwhatinga o te hanganga. Ko ēnei āhuatanga wehenga anō he wero nui ki ngā kaitārai kōhatu, nā te mea ka wehe te matū i te wā e oro ana; nō reira, kāore e kitea nuitia te bustamite kua tapahia hei mata i te mākete tuwhera, nā te mea ko tōna āhua ngāwari e hiahia ana kia tiakina i roto i te pouaka a te kaikohikohi, kaua e whakamahia i ia rā.
Bustamite vs. Rhodonite: He aha te rerekētanga?
Ko Bustamite me Rhodonite he māhanga kiripiripi e whai ana i te āhua ōrite me te noho tahi i roto i ngā putunga kohuke kotahi, he ōrite nui rawa atu i kitea ai ko te rawa i tautuhia tuatahi hei Bustamite i te tau 1826, i muri mai ka kitea he ranunga noa iho o Rhodonite me Johannsenite. Nā te uaua o te wehenga me te pakeke ōrite, he uaua rawa ki te hanga mata i ēnei kohuke e rua, he mea onge ki ngā tohunga kiripiripi—ahakoa he maha ake te Rhodonite e kitea ana i te āhua tapahi. Hei wehe tino tika i ēnei momo e rua, ka whakawhirinaki ngā kaimahi ki ngā whakamātautau matua e toru: tuatahi, ka whakaatu te tātari taupū whakaata he iti ake te awhe o Bustamite (1.662 ki te 1.707) ki te whakarite ki ngā uara teitei ake o Rhodonite (1.711 ki te 1.752); tuarua, he rerekē ō rāua waitohu whatu, i te mea ko Bustamite he rua-aki toraro, ko Rhodonite he rua-aki tōrunga; tuatoru, he iti ake te taumaha motuhake o Bustamite (3.32 ki te 3.43) i te Rhodonite taumaha ake (3.57 ki te 3.76). Ahakoa ehara i te whakamātautau tino tika, ko Bustamite e tohua ana hoki e ōna tae māwhero māmā ake, ngāwari ake, ki te whakarite ki te tae mārō ake o tōna hoa.
Kei hea te Bustamite e kitea ai?
Ka puta te Bustamite ki ngā putunga parataiao manganga-nui, inarā ki ngā rohe parataiao whakapā me ngā taiao skarn. Nā te mea e hiahia ana ki ngā āhuatanga matū whenua motuhake e nui ana te manganga me te konupūmā, he iti noa iho ngā putanga ki te whakatairite ki ngā kohuke silika e noho noa ana.
Kei raro nei ngā wāhi tino nui e whakaputa ana i te bustamite puta noa i te ao.
Amerika
Te Rohe Keri Kohuru o Franklin
Ko tēnei rohe keri kōhatu tawhito tētahi o ngā wāhi rongonui rawa atu mō ngā kohuke konupūmā i te ao. Ko te Bustamite mai i Franklin he nui ki te kirikiri, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hono ki te rhodonite, te willemite, me ētahi atu kohuke konupūmā.
Te Whare Taonga Kerihau o Tēre Hiri
E tata ana ki Franklin, i whakaputa hoki tēnei wāhi i te bustamite hei wāhanga o ōna putunga kōwaro manganihi matatini.
Mēhiko
Ko Bustamite i whakamāramatia tuatahi mai i Mexico, ā, i tapaina ki te ingoa o Anastasio Bustamante. Ko ngā putunga o Mexico e noho tonu ana hei mea nui i roto i te hītori, ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā tauira e wātea ana i tēnei ra ka ahu mai i ētahi atu whenua.
Namibia
Tūmebe Maina
Ko Tsumeb tētahi o ngā wāhi kohuke rongonui rawa o te ao, nāna i whakaputa ngā tioata bustamite he kounga teitei. Ka tino whakanuia ēnei tauira e ngā kaikohi, nā te pai o te hanganga tioata me te tae kōwhaiwhai.
Hapani
Kua whakaputaina e Hapani ngā karaihe bustamite māwhero pai mai i ngā putunga konupūmā kua whakarerekētia. Ko ngā tauira Hapanihi he mea karaihe pai, ā, he mea kohikohi hoki.
Āwherika ki te Tonga
Ko nga rohe keri konupora i Awherika ki te Tonga kua whakaputa hoki i te bustamite, i te nuinga o te wā i te ahua papatipu, kōruru rānei, engari kaua ki nga tioata nunui mārama.
Ko te onge o te bustamite e ahu mai ana i ōna whakataunga matū tino kaha me tōna hanganga tinana tino ngāwari. Ahakoa kāore e tika hei kohatu pūmanawa mauroa mō te mōwhiti whakawhiwhi, he taonga tino nui tonu ia mō ngā kaikohi mātatau e whai ana i te tae hāneanea, tae kōripi me te hōhonutanga ā-whenua.