Brucite

Ko te Brucite he kōhatu konupora waihā e puta mai ana i

Raraunga Kohuke Brucite
Tātai Matū	Mg(OH)₂
Rōpū Kōhuke	Waihāora (Rōpū Brucite)
Whakaaturanga	Tapatoru (Space group: P3̄m1)
Te Tūturu Kupenga	a = 3.142 Å, c = 4.766 Å, Z = 1
Te tikanga karaihe	Ngā kiripara papatahi ki te papa angiangi, paparahi, kakano (nemalite), putunga porotaka / porowhita, kirikiri ki te puranga.
Āhuatanga Whatu	Kāore; e whakaatu ana i ngā tae whakawhiti o te pīrahurahu (tae whero-pārauri, pūrūkahu rānei) i roto i te wāhanga angiangi i raro i te rama whakahuri.
Āwhi Tae	Mā, kore tae, kākāriki pūaho, kākāriki miniti, kōwh
Te pakeke o Mohs	2.5 - 3.0
Te pakeke o Knoop	Anisotropic: tata 40 - 80 kg/mm²
Rārangi	White
Te Tauākī Whakaata (RI)	nω = 1.560 - 1.590, nε = 1.580 - 1.600 (Uniaxial positive)
Pūāhua Tirohanga	Uniaxial (+)
Pleochroism	Kore-pleochroic ki te dichroic ngoikore i roto i ngā momo tae.
Whakamararatanga	Ngoikore ki te paku.
Te Whakawhiti Wera	He iti ki te whaihua, he ahua noa mō ngā kohuke hauwai papanga.
Te Whakahaere Hiko	K
Tūāwhiora Whakauru	I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e taea te tāutu; ko ngā momo e mau ana i te rino, i te manganese rānei, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga whakauru whānui i ngā rohe kitea me te NIR.
Whitiā	Ko te tikanga he koretake; i ētahi wā ka puta he kōwhai kōwhai, kōwhai, kākāriki rānei i raro i te UV poto (SW) me te UV roa (LW). He uaua te whakakitenga o te hikuwari.
Te Taumaha Motuhake (SG)	2.38 - 2.40
Whakakā (Pōrihi)	Pēra i ngā mata wehe; karaihe, wēke, ki te iti-karaihe i ngā mata tioata; hiraka i ngā momo muka (nemalite).
Māramatanga	Mārama ki te p
Wehenga / Whatiwhati	Tino pai i runga i te {0001} (te wehenga o te takenga, he ngawari me te rahirahi ngā kongakonga) / He mika, he wehenga kōpīpī, he mārō ki te whatiwhati.
Pakeke / Toa	He tapahi; ko ngā paparanga angiangi he ngāwari, he piko
Te Putanga Whenua	I hangaia hei kohuke tuarua i roto i te whakarerekētanga wai-wera iti (serpentinization) o ngā toka ultramafic whai konupora, te whakapiri o ngā skarns/dolomite, te whakarerekētanga rohe iti ranei.
Ngā whakaurunga	Fluid inclusions, serpentine group minerals, magnesite, hydromagnesite, pyroaurite, magnetite, and iron oxides/hydroxides.
Te rewa	Ka whakarewa ki roto i nga waikawa waimeha makariri (penei i te
Pūmau	Ka pāheke i te wera i ngā pāmahana teitei (tata ki te 350°C - 450°C) ka tuku wai kōhua hei hanga konupora waikura (MgO). Ka pūkōwhai, ka pūwaro rānei i te whakapā roa ki te hau.
Ngā kohuke e pā ana	Serpentine, magnesite, hydromagnesite, dolomite, calcite, olivine, periclase, talc, and pyroaurite.
Maimoatanga Tikanga	He iti noa te maimoatanga; i etahi wa ka whakakiia ki nga kapia kore tae, ki nga paninga polymer ranei hei whakapumau i nga tauira kohikohi ngawari, whaimana ranei.
He Tauira Rongonui	Hihiri, kōwhai kanari pōporo botryoidal mai i te Takiwā o Killa Saifullah (Baluchistan, Pākistana), tioata kikorangi mārōtarotaro papatahi mai i Quebec (Kānata), me ngā tauira hītori mai i Franklin/Sterling Hill (New Jersey, USA).
Etymology	I whakaingoatia i te tau 1814 e François Sulpice Beudant hei whakanui i a Dr. Archibald Bruce (1777–1818), he rata me te kaimātai kōhatu o Amerika nāna i whakaahua tuatahi te momo.
Whakarōpūtanga Strunz	04.FE.05 (Hydroxides me OH, kore H₂O; Ngā hanganga paparanga me ngā octahedra e tiri tahi ana i ngā tapa)
Ngā Wāhi Tūturu	Killa Saifullah Takiwā (Baluchistan, Pakistan), Kuldhur Putunga (Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia), Liaoning Porowini (China), Asbestos (Quebec, Canada), Wood's Chrome Maina (Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania, USA), me Franklin (New Jersey, USA).
Te iririkitanga	Kāore he irirangi.
Pāitanga	Kore paitini; ko ngā tikanga whakahaere puehu he paerewa i te wā e whakahaere ana, e tapahi ana, e tukatuka ana i ngā mahi ahumahi hei ārai i te whakapātaritari o te man
Tohu & Tikanga	E hono ana ki ngā kōrero metaphysical o nāianei mō te ora, te taurite ā-wairua, te whakatau take, me te whakahonohono i ngā pūngao o te solar plexus me te heart chakra.

Ko te Brucite, he kohuke konupora waihāora me te tātai matū Mg(OH)2, he hua whakarerekē tuarua kāore i tino kitea, ka puta inā pāhekoheko ngā toka whai konupora ki te wai i ngā taiao mākū me te pāmahana iti. Nō te rōpū kohuke waihāora, e whai ana i ngā rōpū waihāora e hono ana ki ngā katote konupora, e puta ai he kākano māeneene me te mārō o Mohs e 2.5 pea, he kanapa momona ki te kanapa karaihe, me te whānuitanga o ngā tae mai i te mā me te kore tae ki te kākāriki, te kikorangi, te hina, me te kōwhai. Ka kitea nuitia i te taha o ngā kohuke pērā i te tāwhara, te konupora pākurakura, te waihāora konupora, me te konupora mā, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhua tioata tapawhā, kakawe, porotaka rānei. I tapaina hei whakanui i te tohunga kohuke Amerika a Archibald Bruce (1777–1818) mō tana rangahau tuatahi i ngā tauira kohuke o Amerika, he nui te uara putaiao o te Brucite mō te whakaatu i ngā tukanga whakarerekē konupora me te hanganga waihāora, ā, ko ngā tauira tino pai e tino whakanuia ana e ngā kaikohi kohuke mō ō rātou āhuatanga ātaahua.

Hītori o Brucite

I whakaahua tuatahitia hei momo kohuke motuhake i te timatanga o te rautau 19, i whakaingoatia te brucite hei whakahōnore i a Archibald Bruce (1777–1818), he tākuta nō Amerika, he tohunga kohuke, he ētita hoki o te timatanga Te Tuhitaka Minararangi o AmerikaKo wai, i tirotiro tuatahi i nga tauira motuhake mai i New Jersey me Pennsylvania. I te wa e whanake ana nga punaha whakarōpūtanga kohuke hou, ka whai mana a brucite hei tauira matua i roto i te ahuwhenua kohuke, hei tauira matarohia o te kohuke hydroxide ngawari, na runga i tana tātai matū māmā, Mg(OH)2, me tana hanganga karaihe trioctahedral paparua. I roto i nga rau tau, ko nga rangahau putaiao ki te brucite kua tino whakapai ake i to tatou mohiotanga ki nga taunekeneke toka-wai, te panoni waiariki, me nga tukanga whakamakuku e huri ai nga toka ultramafic ki te serpentinite i roto i te kiripaka o te whenua. I tenei ra, i tua atu i tana mahi hītori me te matawhenua hei tohu matua mo nga taiao whakarerekē i te pāmahana iti, kei te mau tonu te whai take o te brucite i naianei hei puna ahumahi mo te konupora waikura parakore tino nui, me nga whakangau mura ahi e pai ana ki te taiao, i te mea ko nga tauira tino ataahua, kanapa tonu e whai waahi nui ana i roto i nga kohinga whare taonga nui me nga whakaaturanga kohuke motuhake puta noa i te ao.

Te hanganga o Brucite

Ka puta te brucite mā te panoni me te whakamākū o ngā kohuke nui tonu o te konupūmā—pērā i te periclase (MgO), te olivine, te pyroxene, me ngā warokawa e mau ana i te konupūmā—ina pā atu ki te wai i roto i ngā momo horopaki matawhenua. I roto i ngā toka ultramafic pērā i te peridotite, ka puta te brucite i te wā o te whakapōtaetanga (serpentinization), he tukanga wera-mahana iti e wāwāhia ai e te wai whenua e rere haere ana ngā kohuke silicate tuatahi o te konupūmā, ā, ka puta ngā konupūmā katote e herea ana ki ngā rōpū hydroxyl i roto i ngā kapi, ngā uaua, me ngā kōhao tuwhera. I tua atu i ngā panonitanga toka i ahu mai i te kōrau, ka tupu te brucite ki ngā rohe pāwhiri whakapā (contact metamorphic) e pā atu ai ngā toka pākeho (limestones) me ngā toka dolomite ki ngā waikawa wera, kī tonu i te konupūmā, tae atu ki ngā whenua whakapā metamorphic iti-teitei e whāngaia ai e te rere wera te whakaputa tahi o te brucite ki te serpentine me te magnesite. Nā te mea e tino whakawhirinaki ana tōna pūmau whakamahana ki ngā here taiao, ka puta te brucite hei papatipu kirikiri pai, hei whakahiatotanga muka, hei tioata pai rānei i ngā āhuatanga mahana iti, nui te wai, me te kaha o te kawakawa me te nui o te konupūmā.

Ngā Momo me Ngā Rerekētanga o te Brucite

Ka puta a Brucite i roto i ētahi momo rerekē o te hanganga, te whakaurunga, me te āhua, e whakatauhia ana e ngā āhuatanga whenua motuhake e whakaputaina ai, me te noho mai o ngā whakakapinga huānga iti:

Nemalite (Brucite Whakakikorua) He momo hanganga ahurei, tino rerekē, e tohuhia ana e ngā muka pai, hiraka, rite aho rānei e roa ana. Ka puta te Nemalite i ngā ara iti me ngā pakaruhanga i roto i ngā toka ultramafic kua whakakāhoretia. He maha ngā wā kei roto he iti noa iho te rino e whakakapi ana i te konupora, e hōmai ana i te āhua kōmā, kōwhai, hina rānei.

Kō He tino whakanuia e te hunga kohi kohuke, ka hangaia e tēnei momo ngā putiputi porotaka, rite ki te karepe (ngā whakahiatotanga botryoidal) he porowhita haurua rānei, kaua ki ngā papatahi. Ko ngā putunga rongonui i Baluchistan, Pakistan, ka puta mai ngā tauira rongonui, kua tino kaha te kōwhai-kākano ki te kākāriki-rimu, ko ō rātou tae whakamīharo i puta mai i ngā paru paruparu me ngā āhuatanga tipu hanganga.
Brucite Ferroan (Brucite e mau ana i te rino) He momo whakarerekē matū e whakakapi ai ngā katote rino rua-wā (Fe2+) i te konupora (Mg2+) i roto i te whārangi tioata. Ko te whakapā ki te hau me te hāwere o te mata ka whakapakaritia te rino e te hāora, ka huri te tae o te kōhuke’i te tae mai i te hina mārama, kākāriki rānei ki ngā tae parauri, whero-parauri rānei.
Manganiferous Brucite (Manganbrucite) He momo nui konupūmā kei reira te konupūmā (Mn2+) e whakakapi ana i te konupora. Ko ēnei tauira e whakaatu ana i te tae parauri, whero, kōwhai mīere rānei. Ina roa te whakapā atu ki te hau, ka waikura te konupūmā o te mata, ā, ka pōuri rawa te kōhatu i roto i te wā.
Tioata / Papatahi Brucite Te āhua matarau o te brucite, e whakaatu ana i ngā tioata hexagonal, rite pereti, tabular rānei e tino mārama ana, me te kanapa peara kaha i ngā papa wehenga. Ko ngā āhua parakore he kore tae, he hukarere-ma rānei, ahakoa he paku kikorangi kōmā me te kākāriki mint e noho whānui ana i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ng

Hanganga Karaihe o Brucite

Ko te whakakoi i roto i te pūnaha tioata tapatoru (roopū mokowā P3m1), kei a te brucite tētahi hanganga paparanga hauwai kōnati tūāpapa e hangaia ana e ngā wāhanga whārangi kua whakapirihia o ngā katote konupora e honoa ana ki ngā rōpū hauwai. I roto i ia whārangi takitahi, ko te paparangi waenga o ngā kātote konupora (Mg²⁺) e tāpaea ana i waenga i ngā paparanga e rua whakarara o ngā kātote hauwai (OH⁻), i reira ia ngota konupora e noho ana i te tūhonohononga oktahedra me ngā rōpū hauwai e ono e karapoti ana. Ko ēnei oktahedra Mg(OH)₆ e tiritiri tapa ana ka hanga i ngā whārangi aruaru takirua e hono pūmau ana; engari, ko ngā whārangi tata e pāhekoheko ana mā ngā kaha van der Waals tino ngoikore me te hononga hauwai rerekā puta noa i te mokowā waenga paparanga. Ko tēnei koretake o te hanganga e whakamārama tika ana i te whanonga ā-tinana o te brucite—arā, tōna pakeke tino māeneene o te 2.5 Mohs, te āhua ngāwari, me te māwherangi tino pai, tino tika o te papa {0001} e wātea ana ngā paparanga kia paheke noa. Ahakoa e tiritiri ana te brucite i tēnei momo hanganga cadmium iodide (CdI₂) me ētahi atu kohuke hauwai pērā i te portlandite (Ca(OH)₂) me te pyrochroite (Mn(OH)₂), ko ngā rerekētanga o te rahi o te kātote me te pūmanawa whakawehe ka whakarerekē i te āputa waenga paparanga me ngā inenga wae pūtau, e puta ai ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te kiato me te pūmau. Ā-whānui, ko tēnei hangarau ngota e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga tioata mai i ngā pereti tapatoru, horahora me ngā whārangi whārangi ki ngā papatipu kirikiri kiato, ki ngā whakahiato muka roa rānei.

Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me te Matū o Brucite

He ngohengohe me te ahua motuhake o te Brucite ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu kohuke konupora. He pakeke Mohs 2.5–3, nā reira ka ngāwari te waruhanatia e ngā rawa mārō ake. I te nuinga o te wā, he mā, he korekore, he hina, he kākāriki, he kikorangi, he kōwhai rānei te ahua o te kohuke, i runga anō i ngā parakino me ngā āhuatanga ā-whenua i te wā o te hanganga. Ka whakaatu te Brucite i te kanapa peara ki te kanapa karaihe, inā koa ki ngā mata māwatawa, ā, ka puta pea hei kohinga papa, papatahi, muka, papatipu rānei. He tino pai te wehenga o te pūtake, e āhei ai te wehe māmā i ngā papa paparangi i roto i tōna anga karaihe. He māramarama ki te māramarama noa te tikanga o te kohuke, he tōnga mā, ā, he iti te taumaha motuhake, tata ki te 2.3–2.4. Ko tōna kākano ngohengohe me tōna anga paparangi he āhuatanga tautohu nui e wehewehe ai i ētahi kohuke konupora rite pērā i te serpetine me te magnesite.

I te taha matū, ko te brucite he kohuke konupora waiwaiā ki te tātai Mg(OH)₂, he katote konupora e herea ana ki ngā rōpū waiwaiā. Nō te akomanga kohuke waiwaiā, ā, he nui te wāhanga konupora kei roto, nā reira he puna māori nui o ngā pūhui konupora. Ko te brucite he mea pūmau i ngā taiao kawakawa, engari ka taea te whakahāngai ki ngā waikawa, ka puta mai ngā tote konupora me te wai. Inā whakawera, ka puta i te tukanga whakamaroke e tangohia ai ngā rōpū waiwaiā, ka huri hei pūkorukoru konupora (periclase, MgO), ka tuku i te kīhini wai. Nā tēnei whanonga wera, ka whai hua te brucite ki ngā whakamahinga ahumahi e pā ana ki te whakaputanga pūkorukoru konupora. Ko āna āhuatanga matū hoki e waihanga ana i te hiranga ki ngā rangahau o ngā taunekeneke wai-toka, te whakarerekētanga kohuke, me ngā tukanga matūwhenua e pā ana ki ngā taiao whenua e whai rawa ana i te konupora.

Ngā Wāhi me Ngā Putanga o Brucite

Ka puta te Brucite ki ngā momo horowhenua matawhānui huri noa i te ao i ngā wāhi e pāhekoheko ai ngā toka matua e whai ana i te konupora ki ngā wai haukū, ki ngā wai wera rānei, me ngā putunga tino nui mō te ahumahi me ngā putunga kounga-kaiwhiwhi e mōhiotia ana puta noa i ngā whenua pēnei i te Hononga o Amerika, Rūhia, Haina, Pakitāne, Kānata, Itāria, Ateria, me Āwherika ki te Tonga. I te Hononga o Amerika, kei Nevada, California, me Texas ngā putunga nui, ko te takiwā maina rongonui o Franklin-Sterling Hill i New Jersey e whakanuia ana mō te whakaputa i ngā tauira kohuke tino motuhake i reira e puta tahi ana te Brucite me ngā momo e mau ana i te konutea me te konupora. I runga i te taumata ahumahi, kei te kerihia ngā putunga arumoni nui ki te rāwhiti o Rūhia (ina koa te putunga Kuldhur i te Jewish Autonomous Oblast) me Haina (pērā i te porowini o Liaoning), i reira ngā tinana Brucite nunui e noho ana i ngā kōurakatia kua whakarerekētia me ngā hanganga ultramafic kua whakairihia e puta ai te konupora parakore mō ngā whakamatao me ngā tāraimate ahi-atawhai. Engari, ko ngā tauira kaiwhiwhi o te ao he tino motuhake ake: ko te takiwā o Killa Saifullah i Baluchistan, Pakitāne, kua rongonui puta noa i te ao mō ōna porotaka botryoidal kōwhai-ā-kanarī me te kākāriki-rimurimu tino kaha, ko ētahi wāhi i Rūhia me Kānata e puta ai ngā tioata papalapala kikorangi me te kākāriki-miniti, e whakaatu ana i ngā matū wai parakore motuhake i te wā o te whakatautau i te pāmahana iti.

Whakamahinga o Brucite

Nā tōna nui rawa o te kiko o te waikawa konupora (tae atu ki te 69% MgO) me ōna āhuatanga kawakawa kaha, ko te brucite he rawa e kore e taea te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga ahumahi, taiao, pūtaiao hoki, kaua hei kohatu whakapaipai arumoni. I te taha ahumahi, ka tunua kia puta ai te konupora waikawa ma te kaha me te konupora kua mate, e tika ana mō te hanga i ngā taiapa oumu ahi nui, uku, papa whare, me ngā whakakī ahi-ārai taiao mō ngā polymer. I te taha taiao me te hangarau ahuwhenua, nā tōna kawakawa māori, he kai-whakaputa pai, kore-paowa mō te whakaora i te wai para ahumahi waikawa, te whakaheke i te whakapā o te pungatara, me te whakatikatika i te pH o te oneone i te wa e whakarato ana i ngā matūkai konupora nui mō ngā hua. I te taha geochemical, he mahi nui tā te brucite i roto i te rangahau matua mō te whakawhāiti kohuke me te whakamau waro ā-whenua, nā te mea ko tōna hanganga hydroxyl urupare ka urupare ki te waro hauhā kua memeha hei hanga i ngā kohuke konupora warowaikawa pūmau. Hei whakakapinga, ahakoa tōna ngāwari e aukati ana i tōna whakamahinga hei whakapaipai, ko ngā tauira tioata kōwhai kanapa, kākāriki, me te kikorangi mārama e tino whakamana ana e ngā kaitiaki whare taonga, tohunga kohuke, me ngā kaikohi motuhake hei taonga ātaahua me ngā taputapu whakaako mō te ako i ngā pūnaha waiariki iti-pāmahana.

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