Ko te Boleite he kōhatu halide tuarua motuhake, e hanga ana i te nuinga o te lead, te copper, te silver, te chlorine, me ngā rōpū hydroxyl. Ko tana tātai matū tino pai ko Pb₂₆Ag₉Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈·3H₂O, e whakaatu ana i tētahi hangahanga uaua e whakauru ana i ētahi waiariki maha, tae atu ki te chlorine, ngā rōpū hydroxyl, me ngā molekura wai. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana tēnei kōhatu mō tōna tae kikorangi pango-riro ki te kikorangi-puri, ā, mō ōna kōhatu tapawhā motuhake, me tōna hanganga matū uaua. He nui ngā kōhatu boleite e kitea ana e whakaatu ana i tētahi huinga whakamīharo o te tae kikorangi kaha, he kanapa vitreous ki adamantine, me ngā mata geometric mārama.
Kaore e noho hei taonga uaua te boleite nā tōna rareness, engari ka whakamahia hei taonga mō ngā kaiwhaiwhai i ngā kōhatu, nā tōna hanganga motuhake, āhua kōhatu rerekē, me tōna hononga ki ētahi atu kōhatu halide tuarua e kore e kitea rawa. Ko tō āhua motuhake me tōna hanganga kōhatu uaua hoki e whakaaweawe ana i ngā rangahau kōhatu.
Hītori me te Kimihanga o Boleite
I whakaaturia tuatahitia te Boleite i te tau 1891 e ngā mātanga kohatu Farani, Ernest Mallard me Édouard Cumenge, i muri i tōna kitea i te rohe huka Boleo, tata ki Santa Rosalía, kei te Baja California Sur o Mērikana ināianei. I whakawhiwhia te ingoa ki tēnei wāhi, nā reira ko tōna wāhi taketake, ā, koinei tonu te puna matua o ngā tauira kaha. Ko tōna tautuhi tuatahi i honoa ki te rangahau i ngā kohatu tuarua uaua i hangaia i roto i ngā taonga huka e whai waikawa rino me te kupu.
Ko ngā rangahau mōhiohio matū i te tīmatanga i whakatau ko boleite he momo mineral motuhake, engari i hiahia tonu ki te mātauranga anō nā tōna hanga matū me tōna hanganga kirihou e tino uaua ana. I whai ake, i āta tirohia ōna hononga ki ngā mineral e pā ana, arā, pseudoboleite, cumengite, me diaboleite, e kitea ana i ngā taiao whenua ōrite, ā, e whai wāhi ana ki ētahi āhuatanga hanganga ōrite. I te tau 1973, i mahi a Roland C. Rouse i tētahi rangahau kirihou hei tirotiro i te whakaritenga o ngā ngota kei roto i te boleite, tae atu ki ōna wāhanga hanganga motuhake e whai koura (silver) ana. I muri mai, i whakaputaina e Mark A. Cooper me Frank C. Hawthorne i te tau 2000, he rangahau i whakamārama i te tātai matū o te boleite hei KPb₂₆Ag₉Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈, mā tēnei i whakamārama ai ngā ōwehenga o te potassium, te lead, te silver, te copper, te chlorine, me ngā rōpū hydroxyl kei roto i te mineral. Nā ēnei rangahau i āwhina kia whai māramatanga ake ki te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga hanganga o te boleite.
Te Hanganga me te Wāhi Āhuahiko o Boleite
Kaupapa: Ka hangaia te boleite hei minera tuarua i ngā wāhanga kua haurangi o ngā whakaputanga maha-mineral, otirā ērā e whai ana i te rino, te kupu, me te hiriwa. Ko tōna hanga ka whakawhirinaki ki te wātea o ēnei mineral, ngā wai e whai ana i te chlorine, me ngā āhuatanga matū e tika ana kia crystallize ai ngā minera chloride complex. I te wā o te pōuri o ngā minera sulfide taketake, ka whakaputa ngā wai whenua me ngā wai kē atu i ngā ion mineral, ā, ka kawea ēnei mā ngā pakaru, ngā kāinga, me ngā wāhi porous kei roto i te kōhatu matua. Ina kitea e ēnei wai ngā kukū tika o te chloride me ngā mea e whai ana i te hydroxyl, ka precipitate te boleite hei wāhanga tuarua.
Ko te mīhini he hononga motuhake ki te hāora me te whakarerekētanga o ngā kohinga mīhini e kawe ana i te kounga me te rino, i ngā wāhi kei reira te chloride ka taea noa. Ka taea e te pakaru o ngā sulfide taketake te hanga i tētahi raupapa o ngā mīhini tuarua, tae atu ki ngā okside, ngā carbonate, ngā sulfate, me ngā halide. Ka puta mai te boleite i raro i tētahi huinga āhuatanga matū poto, e āhei ana te whakamārama i tōna raruraru i te wā e whakaritea ana ki ngā mīhini tuarua kounga e nui ake ana. Ngā rerekētanga i te whai wāhi o ngā mīti, te kukū o te chloride, te acidity, me te neke o te wai whenua ka taea te whakatau mēnā ka puta mai te boleite, kātahi ka hangaia ētahi atu mīhini tuarua.
He tino mōhiotia ana te Boleite i te takiwā whakangao Boleo, tata ki Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, Mēhiko. Kei roto i ngā taonga o tēnei rohe he kohinga uaua o ngā mīhini e whai wāhi ana ki te hiriwa me ngā momo kloride tuarua, e whakarato ana i ngā āhuatanga matū e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaputa i te boleite. E mōhiotia ana hoki tēnei takiwā mō te pseudoboleite, cumengite, me te diaboleite, he mīhini kei ngā taiao pāpātanga, ā, ka kitea pea i te hononga tata. Ka whakaatu ēnei mīhini i te huarahi e puta ai ngā momo mīhini rerekē i roto i te taonga kotahi, ahakoa he iti noa ngā huringa i te hanganga matū me te whakaritenga hanganga.
I roto i te mara, ka kitea te boleite i ngā wāhi poka, ngā wehenga, rānei i ngā wāhanga kua huri o ngā kōhatu whai-mineral, kaua ki te mea he wāhanga matua o te ore taketake. E tohu ana tōna noho mai i te mineralization tuarua i muri i te huringa o ngā kohinga mineral i mua. Ahakoa kei te takiwā Boleo tonu tōna wāhi tino mōhiotia, nā ngā hiahia matū motuhake o te mineral, he iti noa ngā wāhi kua whakaū. Mā te mātai i te boleite me ōna mineral e piri ana, ka whiwhi mōhiohio whaihua mō ngā tukanga geochemical e whakahaere ana i te hanganga o ngā halide tuarua uaua i roto i ngā taonga ore kua oksidia.
Te Wairua o te Boleite
Ka whakaputaina te boleite i roto i te pūnaha krista kōhure, ā, ka tohua e tētahi hanganga uaua o ngā wāhine rino, hiriwa, potaka, klorini, hāora, me te hauwai kei roto i tōna lattice krista. Ko te tātai matū tino whakamahia ko KPb₂₆Ag₉Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈. Kei te rōpū kōhure Pm\(\bar{3}\)m te hanganga, me te roa o te tapa o te yunita-kōpae tata ki te 15.29 Å. I ētahi atu minere he māmā ake ō rātou matū, kei te boleite he maha ngā wāhi atomikē motuhake me ngā taumata honohono, nā reira he mea nui tōna hanganga hei kaupapa rangahau minere.
Ko te āhua o waho o ngā kōhatu boleite e whakaatu ana i tōna hanga tapawhā, arā, ka tipu ngā kōhatu takitahi me ngā mata tapawhā mārama me ngā tapa koi. Ka taea e ngā kōhatu te whakapiki ki te 1–2 cm, ahakoa ka kitea hoki ngā tauira iti ake me ngā kohinga e hono pū ana. I ētahi tauira, ka whakarerekēngia ngā mata tapawhā e ngā āhuatanga kōhatu anō, ā, ka hangaia e ngā tipu epitaxial o ngā mīhini e pā ana he āhua geometria uaua ake. He tino whakaharahara ēnei hononga nā te mea ka taea e te boleite te hanga i tētahi kōhatu tapawhā i waenganui, e karapoti ana e te pseudoboleite, e te cumengite rānei, e puta ai ngā tauira e noho tahi ana he maha ngā āhua kōhatu motuhake.
Kua whakaatu ngā rangahau hanganga i te mea kei roto i te pūnaha kōhatu o te boleite ngā whakaritenga mīharo o ngā ngota hiriwa, tahi me ōna wāhanga e whai waikura rino me te kopera. I whakamahia e tētahi rangahau i tukuna ki te American Mineralogist i te tau 2025 te tātaritanga matū, te whakataetae X-ray kotahi-kōhatu, me te whakataetae neutron hei tirotiro i tōna hanganga me tōna pūnaha hononga hauwai. Kua mārama ai te rangahau i te mea kei roto i te hanganga ngā rōpū hydroxyl, kaua ko ngā korakora wai e whakaahuatia ana e ētahi kōrero o mua, ā, kua tuhituhia hoki te whakakapinga wāhanga o ngā huānga e noho ana i tētahi tūnga e pā ana ki te potassium. Ka whakaatu ēnei kitenga he uaua ake te matū hanganga o te mineral i te āhua cubic māmā e kitea ana i waho.
Ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me ngā āhuatanga matū o te Boleite
Ko te Boleite he mīneira halide rare e whai ana i te kōpē, te rino me te hiriwa, ā, ko te tātai matū tika ko KPb₂₆Ag₉Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈. Ko tōna hanganga e tohu ana i ngā kukume nui o te rino me te kōpē, tae atu ki te hiriwa, te potassium, te chlorine, te oxygen me te hydrogen. I roto i te hanganga, ka noho ēnei huānga ki tētahi whakaritenga uaua o ngā wāhi whakapiri pūtaiao, ngā irahiko chloride me ngā rōpū hydroxyl. Ka tipu te Boleite i te pūnaha kristini cubic, ā, ko tōna lattice kristini e tino whakaritea ana e whakaputa ana i te āhua cubic ōritetanga o te mīneira. Ko tōna hanganga matū me tōna hanganga e wehewehe ana i a ia i ngā mīneira halide tuarua e pā ana, tae atu ki te pseudoboleite, cumengite me diaboleite, e taea ana te kitea i ngā taiao geology ōrite engari e rerekē ana i ō rātou ōwehenga huānga me ngā whakaritenga hanganga.
Ka whakaatu te Boleite i te tae kikorangi Prusia hōhonu ki te kikorangi indigo, ahakoa ka kitea ētahi tauira he pango-kikorangi tonu. Ka puta ngā tae kākāriki-kikorangi i ngā tapa mārama me ngā wāhanga āhua-ātea. Ko tōna tohu he kikorangi ki te kikorangi-māmā kākāriki, ā, ko tōna kanapa he kanapa kāpehu ngoikore, ā, ka taea te kite i te kanapa perera i ngā mata wehe. E rerekē ana te āhua-ātea o te mīhini mai i te āhua-ātea ki te kore-āhua-ātea, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mātotoru o ngā kristale me ngā āhuatanga o te tauira. He nui ngā kristale hangai, he tapawhā ngā mata me ngā tapa mārama, ahakoa ka kitea hoki ngā kristale whakarerekē me ngā kohinga whakapiri. Ko te hanga tapawhā o te mīhini e whai ake nei he wehe tino pai i ngā papa, e taea ai te hanga i ngā mata mā, papatahi ina pakaru te mīhini i runga i ōna ara kristalografi.
He uaua Mohs tata ki te 3–3.5 a Boleite, ā, he taumaha motuhake tata ki te 5.05. Nā tōna uaua pūmau, ka taea te whakapae e ngā mīhini kaha ake; nā tōna kaha teitei, ka kitea te nui o ngā huānga taimaha, otirā te koura, i roto i tōna hanganga. He tohu whai hua ēnei āhuatanga i te wā e whakamātautauria ana te mīhini, ina whakaarohia tōna tae motuhake, tōna āhua tapawhā, me ōna hononga whenua. I te ahupūngao, he mīhini tuarua a Boleite, ka puta i ngā wā e wātea ana te kupu, te koura, te hiriwa, me te kloride i runga i ngā ōwehenga e tika ana. Ko tōna hanganga e pā ana ki te huringa o ngā kohinga mīhini, otirā ki ngā wāhi kua hurihia, kei reira ngā wai e haere ana e āwhina ana i te neke me te wehewehe o ngā huānga mīhini. Ko te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū hauora ki tōna hanganga e whakaatu ana i te mahi a ngā taiao whenua e whai wai ana i tōna hanganga, ahakoa ko ngā āhuatanga tūturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te geochemistry o te takiwā.
Nā te mea ka wehewehe te boleite i tōna tae me tōna taiao āhuahanga ki ētahi mīhini hono, me whakamahi he huinga o ngā āhuatanga tinana, te tātaritanga matū, me te tirohanga kristalotika hei whakatau i te tino rerekētanga, kaua e whai noa i te āhua. Ko ōna tohu tuatahi whai hua ko tōna kaha ki te taumaha, tōna pakeke iti ake, tōna wehewehenga tino pai, me tōna hanga kristalo tapawhā, ā, mā ngā tikanga pērā i te whakawhitiwhiti X-ray me te tātaritanga huānga ka āhei te wawahi i a ia i ngā mīhini halide e rite ana ki te kitea.
Ngā Momo me ngā Rerekētanga o te Boleite
Ko te boleite he momo maitai kua whakaaetia, ehara i te rōpū maitāwhānui e huri ana i ngā momo maha kua whakaritea tika. Heoi, ka kitea tēnei maitai i te taha o ētahi atu maitai halide tuarua e pā ana, e ōrite ana ki a ia i te tae, i ngā wāhanga matū, me ngā taiao āhuahiko. Ko ēnei maitai he mea nui hei mārama ai i ngā hononga o te boleite, me te wehe i ia momo maitai i roto i ngā tauira maitai.
- Boleite: Ko te momo matua, e tohua ana e tōna koiora kei roto i te potasiu, te koura, te hiriwa, me te hopai, tōna tae kikorangi pango marama, me te hanganga kristini tapawhā.
- Pseudoboleite: He mīhini kōhatu kōwhai me te kupu Pb₃₁Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈. Ka taea e ia te hanga i ngā kōhatu boleite, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaputa i ngā tauira cubic pūmau.
- Cumengite: He mīkura rua-tauira o te kōhatu hiriwa-koura me te chlorine, ko tōna tātai ko Pb₂₁Cu₂₀Cl₄₂(OH)₄₀·6H₂O. E mōhiotia ana mō tōna tae kikorangi, me ōna kristara tetragonal motuhake, e taea te kitea i te hononga ki te boleite.
- Diaboleite: He mīra kōhatu kopare-pūmua me te tātai Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄. Ka hangaia noa ki ngā kristalli kikorangi ki kikorangi-kākāriki, ā, ka kitea i ngā whakaputanga huka otaota ōrite.
Kāore ēnei mīraerae hei momo boleite i te tikanga mīraerae tōtika. He āhua matū motuhake, he āhuatanga kristanohik motuhake hoki o ia mea, ahakoa ka uaua te wehewehe i a rātou ki te kanohi nā ngā hononga whakawhiti.
Ngā hononga minera o Boleite
Kaupapa Boleite ka tūhono ki te rārangi o ngā mīhini tuarua i hangaia i te wā o te whakapoke me te huringa o ngā taonga kawe lead me copper. I tōna wāhi taketake i te rohe Boleo o Mērikana, ko ngā mīhini e piri ana ko pseudoboleite, cumengite, diaboleite, atacamite, anglesite, cerussite, phosgenite, me gypsum. E whakaatu ana ēnei hononga i te whai wāhi o lead, copper, chlorine, sulfur, me ngā wāhine carbonate i roto i te taiao mineralizing.
Ko te Anglesite (PbSO₄) me te Cerussite (PbCO₃) he mīhini kōhatu hiriwa tuarua e hanga ana mā te whakarerekētanga o ngā mīhini kōhatu hiriwa taketake. Ko te Atacamite, he hydroxide kōhatu copper chloride, e hono ana ki ngā āhuatanga kaha chloride, ā, ka kitea noa i roto i ngā wāhi copper kua whakamāmātia. Ko te Phosgenite (Pb₂CO₃Cl₂) hei tauira atu mō tētahi mīhini kōhatu hiriwa chloride, ā, ko te Gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) pea ka puta mā ngā whanonga e pā ana ki te calcium me te sulfate i te taiao o waho. Ko te noho tahi o ēnei mīhini kōhatu hei tohu mō ngā āhuatanga matū i waenganui i te hanganga o te Boleite.
He hononga nui tō Boleite ki te pseudoboleite me te cumengite mō ngā kaihopu mīhini, nā te mea ka taea te kite i ētahi momo mīhini maha i roto i tētahi kohinga kareta. Me tirotiro whaiti, ā, i ētahi wā me mahi tātaritanga rūma, kia mōhio ai he aha ngā mīhini kei reira, me pēhea tō rātou tohatoha i roto i te tauira.
Ngā Take Nui o Boleite
Ko te Boleite he mīhini tuarua ngāwari, ā, ko tōna tohatoha he whai wāhi iti. Ko tētahi o ngā wāhi e mōhiotia ana rawa atu ko te rohe hauhake Boleo, tata ki Santa Rosalía i Baja California Sur, Mēkiko. Ko tēnei wāhi te wāhi taketake nā reira i whakamāramatia ai te mīhini me te whakaingoatia. Kei roto i te rohe ētahi depots uaua e whai konganuku copper, ā, mā te pānga o ngā kohinga mīhini e whai konganuku ki ngā wairewa e whai chloride, ka puta mai he rerekētanga nui o ngā mīhini tuarua. He hononga motuhake a Boleite ki te pseudoboleite, cumengite, me diaboleite, nā reira he puna nui tēnei wāhi mō ngā tauira hei mahi rangahau mīhini me ngā kohinga whaiaro.
Ko te rohe o Boleo he mea whakamiharo mō te rerekētanga o ngā mīhini kopera me te hiriwa i hangaia i te wā o te huringa o ōna taonga. Ka puta noa te boleite ki ngā kōpū me ngā wāhanga kua whakawhitia, kei reira ka taea e ngā kristara tuarua te tipu i raro i ngā āhuatanga matū tika. Ka taea e ngā tauira mai i tēnei wāhi te whai i ngā kristara tapawhā mārama, ētahi wā ka pātata ki ngā whakatipuranga hou, ki ngā kohinga rānei o ngā mīhini hono. Ko ēnei hononga uaua ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino mōhiotia o ngā tauira boleite, ā, ka whakarato i ngā wāwāhi hei rangahau i ngā hononga i waenganui i te hanganga mīhini, te hanganga kristara, me ngā āhuatanga geochemical o te hanganga.
I waho i tōna wāhi taketake, he mea iti noa ngā kīwaha pū o te boleite. Me whai huinga motuhake o ngā rauemi, ngā wai e whai chloride ana, me ngā āhuatanga tika i te wā o te whakaputa mīhini tuarua kia hangaia ai te boleite. Nā reira, kāore ia e rahi te tohatoha ki ētahi atu waipiro copper, karahati, me ngā sulfate. Nō reira, me aro nui ki ngā kīwaha mō ngā mīhini karaehe papatahi mai i ngā wāhi kē, nā te mea ka taea te whakawhiti i ngā halides tuarua e rite ana ki te kanohi hei boleite, ahakoa kāore e tino mōhiotia ana te mīhini.
Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Pūtake o Boleite
He iti noa ngā whai wāhi ā-pūtea o te boleite nā tōna raranga, tōna hangahanga uaua, me ngā kōpae kirihou he iti rawa. Ahakoa kei roto i te boleite te hiriwa, te kupu, me te rino, ehara ia i te mea hei taonga pakihi nui mō ēnei konganuku. Ka kitea te mineral i ngā kohinga mineral tuarua i ngā rahiti iti, ā, kāore e taea te whiwhi i ngā wāhanga o te boleite i te utu e hiahiatia ana, ina whakaritea ki ngā taonga konganuku kua mōhiotia.
Ko tōna whakamahinga matua ko te kohikohi mīhini me ngā rangahau pūtaiao. He mea rapua ngā kōhatu tapawhā e hangaia ana pai, otirā ngā tauira mai i te Miihi Amelia i te rohe o Boleo i Mēhiko, nā tō rātou tae kikorangi hōhonu, āhua motuhake, me ngā hononga ki te pseudoboleite me te cumengite. He whai hua nui ngā tauira e whai wāhi ana ki ētahi atu mīhini e pā ana, hei whakaatu i ngā rerekētanga o te āhua kōhatu me te hanganga matū. I roto i ngā rangahau minere, kua rangahauhia hoki te boleite hei tirotiro i ngā hanganga kōhatu uaua, ngā whakaritenga ngota kei roto he hiriwa, me ngā hononga i waenganui i te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga kristalorāpiki.
Pukapuka Whakamārama o te Mātai Kohuke
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Hei te wā, ka kōrerotia te boleite i roto i ngā horopaki o ngā gemstone nā tōna tae kikoriko kaha me tō āhua ataahua. Heoi, nā tōna pakeke iti, tōna wehenga tino pai, tōna rareness, me tōna hanga e nui ana te lead, kāore e tika mō te nuinga o ngā tono whakairoiro māori. Ka tiakina ia hei minere kohikohi ake i te mea he gemstone whakamataku, he rauemi whakapaipara kaha rānei.
He aha te huarahi ki te tautohu i te Boleite
Ka taea te mōhio ki te boleite i te tuatahi mā tōna tae kikorangi hōhonu ki te kikorangi Prussian, āhua kirihou tapawhā, taumaha nui, me te hononga ki ngā minera copper me te lead tuarua. He nui ngā kirihou e whanake ana ka whai mata kaha, ā, ka puta hei tapawhā kikorangi ki runga i te papa minera rerekē. E kitea ana ētahi tauira he tātai rānei he pakiaka o pseudoboleite, e taea ai te hanga i ngā āhua tapawhā uaua, ā, e uaua ake te tautohu mā te kanohi.
Ko ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana ka tuku i ngā mōhiohio whakamātau tāpiri. He kaha Mohs tata ki te 3–3.5, he wehe tino pai i runga i te , me te taumaha motuhake tata ki te 5.05. Ko te hononga o te kaha pāpaku me te taumaha nui he mea whai hua rawa ina whakaarohia he tauira e hapa ana. Ka taea e te kōura kikorīwa te tuku i tētahi tohu anō, ahakoa me mahi te whakamātautau kōura mā te tirotiro haere i ngā kristara uara, kaha rānei.
He mea nui te wehewehe i a boleite me te pseudoboleite, nā te mea ka noho tahi ēnei minere e rua. Ka whakaputa te boleite ki roto i te pūnaha kōpae, ā, kei roto ko te hiriwa me te potaka; ko te pseudoboleite he rerekē tana hanga matū, ā, he hanganga kristini tetragonal. Ka taea hoki te kite i te cumengite me te diaboleite he ōrite ki te boleite nā tō rātou tae kikorangi me ngā taiao horopaki whenu e ōrite ana. Mō te tautohu pono, ka whakamahi ngā minerekoiora i te tātaritanga matū me te whakawhitinga X-ray hei whakatau i te hanga matū me te hanganga kristini. Nā te mea kei roto i te boleite he mātītī nui, me whakahaere ngā tauira mā te tirotiro, ā, kaua e hanga haukura, kaua hoki e tangohia.
Boleite me ngā Mīhini Ōrite
| Kohuke | Ngā āhuatanga matua | Te wehenga matua i te boleite |
|---|---|---|
| Pseudoboleite | Koiora, he nuinga ka hanga i ngā tipu whakapae pēnei i te kōpū | He rerekē te hanganga me te āhua tetragonal |
| Haere mai | Ngā kōhatu whero, he nui te wā e whai ana i te āhua tetragonal | He rerekē te hanga matū me te hanganga kōhatu |
| Diaboleite | Kikorangi ki te kikorangi-kākāriki, kōura-pūmua | Koiora matū māmā ake me te hanganga rerekē |
| Atacamite | Kōhatu kākāriki mā te kākāriki pōuri | He kākāriki noa iho, kaua he kikorangi |
| Pūhaorāiti | He maha ngā wā ka hanga pūtake, ā, ka taea te kikorangi, te purera | He iti rawa te kīkē me te kaha nui |
Ka taea ētahi o ēnei mīneira te wehe mā te tae me te āhua kōhure, engari kāore te āhua anake hei tohu whakamutunga. Ko te hanganga matū, te wāwāhi, te kiato, me ngā raraunga kristalohia he mea tino pono ake hei arataki i te tautohu.