Ko te parisite he kohuke fluorocarbonate whenu onge onge me te hiranga pūtaiao, nō te rōpū parisite, me tōna tātai matū e tika ana ko Ca(Ce,La,Nd)₂(CO₃)₃F₂. Ka whakarōpūtia hei kohuke warawā nā te noho o ngā rōpū warawā (CO₃) i roto i tōna hanganga tioata, ā, ko te fluorine me ngā whenu onge e whai wāhi ana ki ōna āhuatanga kohuke motuhake. Ko te momo tino noa ko te parisite-(Ce), i reira ko te cerium te whenu onge matua, ahakoa ka puta pea ngā momo e nui ana te lanthanum me te neodymium mā te whakakapinga matū māori. I runga i te hanganga, kei waenganui te parisite i ngā kohuke whenu onge e pātata ana, arā te bastnäsite me te synchysite, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hanga pūhui uaua ki ēnei kohuke i te taiao. Ka tioata i roto i te pūnaha tioata tapatoru (trigonal), ka whanake te parisite hei tioata roa pseudo-hexagonal, hei pīrama takirua tīpoko, hei whakahiato papatahi, hei āhua taiapa me te āhua o te huaōki e tino mōhiotia ana e ngā kaikohi matatau. Ko tōna tae he rerekē mai i te kōwhai-honikā, te amipere, te parani-karaka, te parauri-whero ki te parauri-tiakarete hōhonu, i runga i te hanganga o ngā whenu tohu me ngā tikanga tipu. E whakaatu ana te kohuke i te kanapa karaihe ki te kanapa kāpia, he kiripaka mā, he mārohenga āhua pai, me te pākōhatu mārō o Mohs e 4.5 ki te 5 e pā ana, nā reira he āhua mārōrō ina whakaritea ki ngā kohuke kohatu tāpoi noa. Nā te mea kāore i te noa ngā tioata tino pai, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta i roto i ngā whakahiato ātaahua ki ētahi atu kohuke onge, e tino rapuhia ana te parisite e ngā kaikohi kohuke me ngā whare taonga puta noa i te ao, ā, i ētahi wā ka tapahia ngā tauira mārama hei kohatu tāpoi kaikohi onge.
Ko te hanganga o te parisite e hono tata ana ki nga taiao whenua e whai rawa ana i nga huānga whenua-tino-rare (REEs), te fluorine, te konupūmā, me te hauhā. Me whakakotahi enei huānga ki roto i nga pūnaha wai-wera motuhake, magmatic ranei, e ai ki te mea he onge noa atu nga tikanga e hiahiatia ana mo te toihanga o te parisite ki te ao whānui. Ko te nuinga o te parisite e hanga ana i nga wāhanga whakamutunga o te whanaketanga magmatic, i te wa e whai rawa ana nga wai toenga i nga huānga kore-hotahota pēnei i te cerium, te lanthanum, te fluorine, me nga warowaiwai. I a enei wai wera, uaua matū e haere ana i roto i nga whati, nga hapa, me nga rohe porous i roto i nga toka a tawhio noa, ka pā atu ki nga hanganga manaaki konupūmā, ka whakaoho i te raupapa o nga tauhohenga hanga kohuke. I raro i nga pāmahana, nga pēhanga, me nga tikanga matū e tika ana, ka whakakotahi nga huānga-rare kua memeha me te konupūmā, te fluorine, me nga katote warowaiwai ki te whakaheke i nga tioata parisite. Ka kitea te kohuke ki roto i nga uaua wai-wera, nga warowaiwa, nga pūhui matatini alkaline, nga pekamate, me nga rohe whakarereke metasomatic e pā ana ki nga syenites me etahi atu toka alkaline. I roto i nga rohe emerara rongonui o Colombia, ka tupu te parisite i roto i nga papa waro pango me nga uaua warowaiwa-topa i reira nga wai-wera e whai rawa ana i te fluorine me nga huānga-rare i pā atu ki nga toka parataiao i roto i nga hātepe hanga maunga. Ko enei putunga he maha nga kohuke e pā ana pēnei i te calcite, te dolomite, te pyrite, te fluorite, te quartz, me te emerara, e whakaatu ana i te taiao matū uaua e hanga ai te parisite. Ko te onge o enei tikanga tino motuhake e whakamārama ana he iti noa nga wāhi o te ao e kitea ai nga putunga parisite nui.
He hītori whai rawa a Parisite e tino hono ana ki te whanaketanga o te whaiao me te torotoro i ngā putunga emerara rongonui o Colombia. I kitea tuatahī te kohuke nei i te rohe maina emerara rongonui o Muzo i Boyacá, Colombia, tētahi o ngā rohe whakaputa kohatu māpuna rongonui rawa atu o te ao. I ngā tau tuatahi o te rautau tekau mā iwa, i kumea ngā tauira i kohia mai i taua rohe ki te aro o ngā kaipūtaiao Pākehā nā te āhua rerekee o te tioata me te hanganga matū. I muri mai, i tapaina te kohuke nei hei whakamahara ki a J.J. Paris, he kaipakihi Wīwī, he kaiwhakahaere maina hoki nāna i whakahaere me te whakahaere i ngā maina emerara o Muzo i waenga i te tau 1828 me 1848. I whai wāhi nui āna mahi ki te whakaora ake i te whakaputanga emerara i te rohe, me te whakangāwari i te kohinga tauira kohuke hei rangahau pūtaiao. I whakaahuatia ōkawatia a Parisite i te tau 1845 e Lavinio de’ Medici-Spada, he tohunga whaiao Itāria, nāna i whakaae he momo kohuke motuhake tēnei. Mō ngā tekau tau maha i muri mai i tōna kitenga, i whakaponohia ko ngā putunga emerara o Colombia anake te pūtake o te parisite, i whakarei ake ai tōna rongonui hei tētahi o ngā kohuke kohikohi onge rawa o te ao. Ko ngā ahunga whakamua i te torotoro whenua i te rautau rua tekau i whai hua ki te tautuhi i ētahi atu putanga i ngā taiao whai rawa whenua onge puta noa i te ao. I kitea ā muri ake ngā wāhi nui i te United States, inarā i Montana me Colorado, tae atu ki Malawi, Norway, Brazil, China, Russia, Pakistan, me Madagascar. Ahakoa ēnei kitenga, he onge tonu ngā tauira tioata pai, ā, e kīia tonutia ana ko ngā rawa o Colombia ētahi o ngā parisite tino nui i te hītori me te hiahia ātaahua kua kitea.
Hanganga Karaihe
Ka whakakikoruatia te parisite ki te pūnaha karaihe takitoru, ā, he hanganga karaihe paparanga raupapa tino raupaparahi e whakaatu ana i tana hanganga matū uaua. I te taumata ngota, ko te hanganga he paparanga tauutuutu o ngā wae whenua onge-waro-waro me ngā paparanga konupūmā-pūkohu e whakakikoruatia ana puta noa i te tuaka c karaihe. Mā tēnei whakaritenga e whakatūria ai he hononga hanganga i waenga i ngā kohuke bastnäsite me synchysite, e whakamārama ai te tokomaha o ngā tohunga kohuke ki te kī ko te parisite he mema takawaenga i roto i te raupapa pūkohu-waro whenua onge. Ka whakauruhia e te kupenga karaihe te whakakapinga ā-iona nui i waenga i ngā huānga whenua onge, inarā te cerium, te lanthanum, me te neodymium, me te kore e whakarerekē tino nui i te hanganga whānui. Ko tēnei ngāwari ka whai wāhi ki te hanganga o ngā momo tito rerekē, ā, ka whakamārama i te puta whenua o ngā tupu-whakauru me ētahi atu kohuke e mau ana i te REE. Ko ngā tioata e tupu pai ana, e whakaatu ana i te hangarite pseudo-hexagonal, ngā āhua pirangi me te whatu, ngā koeko rua koi, me ngā mata tioata kātua. I raro i te tirohanga mītinga, ka whakaatu ngā ua te parisite i te raupapatanga tupu matatini e tuhi ana i ngā panoni i te matū wai i te wā o te whanaketanga tioata, nō reira he kohuke nui tēnei hei ako i te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha wai wera e mau ana i te whenua onge.
Ngā Pānga Whakamīharo i Parisite
Ahakoa e mōhiotia nuitia ana te parīsite mō tōna uauatanga, tōna matū whenua-uaua uaua, me ōna āhua karaihe motuhake, ko ētahi tauira tino whakahirahira e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te whatu e tino whakanuia ana e ngā tohunga kohatu me ngā kaikohi kohuke. Ko te mea tino rongonui o ēnei ko te whetūtanga, he putanga onge ka puta ina whakapā atu te rama ki ngā whakaurunga moroiti kikī, ki ngā ngongo tipu o roto, ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga whai tikanga rānei. Ina tapatapahia kia rite ki te kāpōhono, ka taea e ēnei whakaurunga te whakaata i te rama i runga i te tikanga tino raupapa, ka puta he tauira whetū i runga i te mata o te kohatu. I ētahi tauira tino onge, ka puta he whetū e ono ngā hihi, e whakaatu ana i te whetūtanga e ono ngā tohu e rite ana ki tērā e kitea ana i ngā hapira whetū. Ko ētahi tauira parīsite mārama kua pūrongohia e whakaatu ana i ngā putanga panoni tae, i ngā putanga whakaahua rānei, he āhuatanga e kīia ana nā te nui o ngā pūmotu whenua-uaua pēnei i te cerium, lanthanum, me te neodymium i roto i te kohuke. I raro i te rama o te rā, ka whakaatu ēnei kohatu i ngā tae whero-paraone ki te amipere, i te wā i raro i te rama whakamārama, i te rama whakamahana hanga rānei, ka huri ki ngā tae paraone-kōwhai, ki ngā tae koura mārō rānei. I tua atu, ko ngā parīsite kounga kohatu mārama e whakaatu ana i tētahi tūtohu whakauru motuhake ina tirohia ki ngā taputapu kohatu, e whakaata ana i te whakauru whiriwhiri o ngā roangaru motuhake e ngā pūmotu whenua-uaua i roto i te whāriki karaihe. Ko ēnei āhuatanga whatu onge, me te uaua o te kohuke me tōna whakahirahira pūtaiao, e whakarite ana i ngā tauira parīsite whakahirahira ki ngā tino tauira whakamīharo me te tino whāia i roto i te ao o ngā kohuke whenua-uaua.
Ngā Tāhu me ngā Āhuatanga Whatu
Ko te Parisite e rongonui ana mō te whānuitanga o ngā tae ātaahua me ngā āhuatanga whatu motuhake, e whai wāhi nui ana ki tōna hiahia i waenga i ngā kaikohi. Ko te nuinga o te kohuke e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaahuatanga o te kōwhai-honikā, te kōwhai-koura, te amipere, te parani-karaka, te parani-whero, me te parani-kirakita hōhonu, ahakoa ko ngā wāhanga kōwhai māmā me te tata-tēnei ka puta i ētahi wā i roto i ngā tioata tino mā. Ko ēnei tae e whakahaeretia ana e te kukū me te tohatoha o ngā huānga whenua-mārama, inarā ko te cerium me te neodymium, me ngā whakarue iti o te rino me ētahi atu konganuku whakawhiti i whakauruhia i te wā o te tipu tioata. He mārama ki te whakamārama te Parisite i te nuinga o te wā, ā e whakaatu ana i te kanapa karaihe ki te kapia hei whakarei ake i te hōhonu me te whairawa o tōna tae. He kohuke uniaxial ia i te taha whatu, nā tōna hangarite toru-ira, ā he ahua ngāwari te pihapiha, e taea ai te whakaatu i ngā tae whakawhanaunga ina tirohia i raro i te marama whakapōrahurahu. Ko ngā taurangi whakaataata he teitei ake i te nuinga o ngā kohuke waro-waikawa, e whakaata ana i te noho o ngā huānga whenua-mārama mātotoru i roto i te hanganga. I ētahi tauira, ka kitea te whakaaturanga tae pūhuki me ngā rerekētanga o te mārama, e whakarato ana i ngā tohu nui mō ngā āhuatanga matū e huri ana i te wā o te hanganga kohuke.
Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me te Matū
Ko te Parīhīte e whakaatu ana i te whakakotahitanga o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki e wehewehe ana i a ia i ērā atu kōwaro me ngā kohuke whenua-uaua. Ko tōna pakeke Mohs e tata ana ki te 4.5 ki te 5, e tohu ana he momo mārō, he āhua ngāwari ki te karawarawa me te pākarukaru o te wehenga. Ko te taumaha motuhake o te kohuke e tata ana ki te 4.2 ki te 4.4, he tino teitei ake i te nuinga o ngā kōwaro noa nā te mea e whai rawa ana i ngā pūmotu whenua-uaua taumaha. Ko tōna wehenga he mārama, engari kāore i te tino tika, ā, ko te mata whati he kōpīpī ki te āhua porotakataka. I te taha matū, ko te Parīhīte he kōnuka pūwaro-pākawa waro konupūmā whenua-uaua uaua, e mau ana i te nui o te cerium, te lanthanum, te neodymium, te pūwaro, me ngā rōpū pākawa waro. Ko te tātai tōtika, Ca(Ce,La,Nd)₂(CO₃)₃F₂, e whakaata ana i tana tūranga hei putunga nui o ngā pūmotu whenua-uaua māmā i roto i ngā pūnaha ā-whakawehenga. I te nuinga o te wā, he pūmau te Parīhīte i raro i ngā tikanga taiao noa, engari ka taea te panoni haere ki ngā kohuke REE e pā ana mā te huarere me ngā tukanga waiwera. I roto i ngā tātaritanga taiwhanga, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga pērā i te Tāwhaiwhai Hihi-X (XRD), te Kāwanatanga Raman, te tātaritanga pūhiko moroiti, me te karu hiko matawai, hei tautohu i te Parīhīte, hei wehewehe hoki i a ia i ngā kohuke rite matū pērā i te bastnāsite me te synchysite. Nā tana huinga ahurei o te nui o te ihirangi whenua-uaua, te teitei o te kiato, me te matū pūwaro-pākawa waro, he kohuke nui te Parīhīte mō te āhuwhenua ōhanga me te rangahau pūmotu whenua-uaua.
Ngā Tono me ngā Whakamahinga o Parisite
Ahakoa kāore anō a parisite kia keria hei kohuke arumoni matua i tēnei wā, he nui tōna hiranga pūtaiao me te hiranga ōhanga nā te mea he nui ngā huānga whenua mārama (REE) ōna, inarā te cerium, te lanthanum me te neodymium. Ko ēnei huānga he wāhanga matua i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā hangarau matatau, tae atu ki ngā aukume pūmau, ngā waka hiko, ngā pūkaha matangi, ngā pākahiko hou, ngā kaitahuri whakaheke, ngā taputapu whatu, me ngā momo tono hiko. Nō reira, he mea tino whai pūkenga ki a parisite mō ngā kaimātai whenua ohaoha e rangahau ana i ngā putunga huānga whenua mārama me ngā tukanga e whakawhiwhi ai i te kukūtanga o ngā REE ki te kirinuku o Papatūānuku. I tua atu i tōna hiranga pūtaiao, e tino uaratia ana a parisite i roto i te hapori kohikohi kohuke. Ko ngā tioata pai te āhua mai i ngā wāhi tawhito pēnei i Colombia, Malawi me Montana e kiia ana he tauira kohuke tino whai uara nā te mea he onge, he ātaahua te āhua o te tioata, me te hononga ki ētahi atu kohuke e hiahiatia ana. He mea tārai i ngā wa katoa te matū mārama hei kōhatu utuāwhatu onge mā te kohikohi, ahakoa ko te pūmārō o te kohuke me te wehenga e whakawhāiti ana i tana whakamahinga ki ngā whakapaipai auraki. Ko ngā whare taonga, whare wānanga, me ngā whare rangahau hoki e tiaki ana i ngā tauira parisite rongonui mō te rangahau kohuke me te whakaaturanga mātauranga.
Te Tikanga Metaphysical me Ngā Whakapono Whakaora Tioata
I roto i ngā tikanga metaphysical me te whakaora kiripiri, ka whakaarohia te parītī hei kōhatu o te mōhiotanga wairua, te tipu hinengaro, me te panoni hihiko. E whakapono ana ngā kaimahi ko tōna hononga kaha ki ngā huānga-rawa-ongoke e tohu ana i te pūmanawa huna, te whanaketanga whaiaro, me te kitenga o te mātauranga hōhonu. He maha ngā wā e honoa ana te parītī ki ngā chakra teitei, inarā ko te karauna me te chakra tuatoru-mata, e whakaarohia ana kei kōna e whakarei ake ana i te māramatanga, te mārama hinengaro, te auaha, me te mōhio wairua. Ka whakamahia e ētahi kaingākau kiripiri te parītī i ngā wā whakaaroaro, e whakapono ana ka taea te whakakaha i te arotahi, te whakatenatena i te tūhuratanga whaiaro, me te whakahaere i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā āhuatanga teitei o te mōhiotanga. E kīia ana hoki ko ōna tae koura me te parauri mahana e whakatairanga ana i te whakapūmau me te pūmau ā-pūmuri i te wā e tautoko ana i te māiatanga i ngā wā whakarerekētanga whaiaro. Heoi, ko ēnei whakamārama metaphysical kei runga i ngā whakapono wairua me ngā whakapono ahurea, kaua i ngā taunakitanga pūtaiao. Ahakoa te maha o ngā tāngata e maioha ana ki te parītī mō ōna āhuatanga hihiko e whakaarohia ana, ko tōna uara mātau ka mau tonu ki tōna onge, tōna hiranga ā-āhuarangi, me tōna ātaahua ā-kōhuke motuhake.