Ko te Humite he kohuke konupora rino parakawa uaua e noho ana hei mema tino nui o te rōpū Humite, he whānau matū kei roto hoki ko Norbergite, Chondrodite, me Clinohumite. E mōhiotia ana mā tana tātai matū (Mg,Fe²⁺)₇(SiO₄)₃(F,OH)₂, ka whakarōpūtia hei nesosilicate, e maha ana te wehewehe mā tana kanapa karaihe me tana kāhui tae mai i te mā pūataata me te kōwhai kōmā me te karaka hōhonu me te parae kāpia. Ahakoa he pakeke tōna e 6 i te tauine Mohs, he onge tonu te kounga kohatu utu nui, he taonga whakanuia mā ngā kaikohi kohuke motuhake, kaua hei taonga nui o ngā whakapaipai arumoni. Ko tana hanganga ā-roto ahurei, e whakapaparahi ana i ngā konupora parakawa me ngā konupora pūkōwhai, he kaupapa rangahau kaha mā te hunga e aro ana ki te kanorau matū o te kirinuku o te whenua.
Ko te hanganga o te Humite he tukanga matawhenua matatini e puta ana i roto i nga taiao whakawhiti wera nui e whai kiko ana ki te konupora me te fluorine, e whanau nuitia ana ina uru mai nga toka waro konupora nui penei i te dolomite, te toka pākeho konupora ranei, e whakaekehia ana e nga papatipu wera, silica-nui. I tenei tutakitanga, ka puta he tukanga e kiia nei ko te metasomatism i te wa e tauhohe ana nga wai matū kaha e whai fluorine ana ki te toka kaihautu, ka hanga he tunu matū whenua e hiahia ana kia taurite te wera me te pehanga hei whakahaere i te whakatahi. Ko enei rohe whakawhiti whakapā, ina koa nga skarns me nga mapere dolomitic kua whakawhitia e te wera e tata ana ki nga tinana plutonic urutomo, te waahi tuatahi mo te Humite, e kitea ana i te taha o nga kohuke hono penei i te spinel, te phlogopite, me te calcite. I tua atu i enei rohe whakapā, e rongonui ana te Humite i roto i nga puia puia, penei i nga xenoliths konupora-nui e kitea ana i Maunga Vesuvius, a kua kitea ano i roto i nga toka i ahu mai i te korowai, he tohu nui mo te kawe wai rere hohonu o te whenua. E tohu ana nga rangahau ko te wateatanga o te fluorine te take nui hei whakapumau i te hanganga (Mg,Fe²⁺)₇(SiO₄)₃(F,OH)₂, ahakoa ka puta ma te whakawhiti tika, ma te wai wera fluorine-nui ranei e neke ana i roto i nga punaha matawhenua pehanga tiketike.
Ko te hītori o Humite e hono pū ana ki te wā koura o te mātai kōhatu i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 1800. I kitea tuatahitia i te tau 1813 i roto i ngā "poraka puea" o Maunga Vesuvius i Itāria. Ko ēnei poraka he mea tino whai take mō ngā pūtaiao ki te tirotiro i ngā toka hōhonu i mauria ki te mata e ngā pahūtanga puia. I whakaingoatia te kōhatu hei whakahōnore i a Tā Abraham Hume, he rangatira Pākehā rongonui me te kaikohi kōhatu kaingākau nā tana tautoko i ahu whakamua ai ngā pūtaiao o te whenua i tōna wā. I roto i ngā rautau, kua huri a Humite mai i te mea whakamīharo noa i kitea i ngā taha o te puia ki te taputapu whai take mō ngā tohunga whenua o nāianei, e whakamahi ana i tōna aroaro ki te whakatau i te hītori o te pāmahana me te pēhanga o ngā whenua whakarerekē, me te rangahau i te pēheatanga o te wai me te fluorine e rongoa ana i roto i te korokoro o te whenua.
Te Waihanga Matū me ngā Āhuatanga Tinana o te Humite
Ko te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga tinana o te Humite e whakaatu ana i tētahi hanganga silicate konupora-nui matatini, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakakapia te rino, e whakaawe tika ana i te kiato me te hōhonu o te tae o te kōhuke. Ahakoa ko te konupora te kākati matua, he maha ngā wā ka whakaurua e te taiao noho ngā huānga tohu pēnei i te titanium me te konupora ki te whakatakotoranga tioata. I te taha tinana, ka tautuhia te kōhuke e tōna pūnaha tioata orthorhombic, e whakaatu ana i tētahi hoahoanga ā-roto paparua e huri haere ana i waenga i ngā wāhanga silicate rite-olivine me ngā paparua konupora pūkōwhai. E 6 tōna pakeke Mohs, ā, he pākākā tōna mārō, e tohua ana e te whatinga koretake ki te whatinga ā-koe, me te kanapa karaihe.
Ko ngā āhuatanga whatu o te Humite he tino motuhake, nā reira he kaupapa matua mō te karu petrographic me te tautuhi tika i ngā kōhuke. E whakaatu ana i te whanonga whatu pai e rua-tuaka me te whakawhitinga āhua, e taea ai e ngā kaimātai whenua te wehewehe i ētahi atu mema o te rōpū Humite. I roto i ngā tauira karakara, mārama rānei, ka whakaatu te kōhuke i te pleochroism kaha, ka huri nui tōna tae i runga i te koki o te mātakitaki mārama. I tua atu, e whakaatu ana te Humite i ngā taupū whakaata teitei e pā ana ki ngā silicates noa, he āhuatanga e whakamahia ana e ngā pūtaiao ki te tātari i te hanganga o ngā whakahuihui toka whakarerekē me ngā kukū pūngao e noho ana i te wā o te whakatahi o te kōhuke.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Whenua me ngā Wāhi Matua o Humite
Ko te tohatoha o te Humite puta noa i te ao e hono tata ana ki nga taiao matū motuhake e whakawhiti ai te konupora, te silica, me te fluorine i raro i nga tikanga wera nui. Ko tona putanga tuatahi kei roto i nga rohe metamorphic whakapā, i reira te wera mai i nga tinana whakauru—pērā i te granite, te granodiorite rānei—e whakarerekē ana i nga toka waro konupora nui pērā i te dolomite me te pākeho konupora. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ko te wai fluorine nui mai i te magma e whakamatao ana e whakahaere ana i te whakatōpūtanga o te Humite, e puta ana i roto i nga skarns me nga māpere dolomitic kua whakarerekētia e te wera. I enei taiao, ka kitea i roto i nga huinga kohuke me nga momo pērā i te spinel, te phlogopite, me te calcite. I runga i te hītori me te pūtaiao, ko te wāhi rongonui rawa atu mo te Humite ko te rohe o Maunga Vesuvius i Naples, Itāria. I konei, ka puta te kohuke i roto i nga "poraka kua panaia"—nga xenoliths o te toka hōhonu i haea mai i te kirinuku o te whenua, ka panaia ki te mata i te wā o te hūnga puia. Ko enei putanga puia motuhake i whakarato i nga tauira momo mo te tautuhi tuatahi o te kohuke i te tau 1813. I tua atu i enei taiao metamorphic me puia o te mata, kua kitea hoki nga kohuke o te rōpū Humite i roto i nga toka i ahu mai i te korowai me nga xenoliths korowai. Ko enei putanga hōhonu e tino whai pānga ana ki nga kairangahau i te mea e tohu ana i te kawe me te rokiroki o nga whakarewa pērā i te wai me te fluorine i roto i te korowai o te whenua. Hei taapiri, ka taea e te Humite te hanga i roto i nga taiao hydrothermal fluorine nui i reira nga wera me nga pēhanga teitei e taea ai te whakatōpūtanga ahakoa i waho o te taha tata o te rohe whakapā.
Norbergite
Ko te tohu o te momo hanganga tino māmā o te rōpū, e whakapakari ana i te pūnaha orthorhombic me te ōwehenga 1:1 o te olivine ki ngā paparanga fluoride/hydroxide, e puta ana te tātai matū Mg₃(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂. I te nuinga o te wā ka puta hei whakahiato kirikiri, kaua hei tioata pai, e whakaatu ana i ngā tae mai i te mā kirīmi me te kōwhai kōmā, ki te kōwhai parauri māmā. Ko Norbergite te mema tino onge o te rōpū katoa. Nā te mea ko ōna tioata he tino moroiti, he pūhoi, he pōuri rānei, tata kore rawa e puta he rawa kounga tioata e taea te whakapaipai. Nō reira, kāore he uara arumoni mō te whakapaipai, ā, e rapuhia ana hei tauira onge mā ngā kaikohi kohuke matatau me ngā tohunga whenua.
Chondrodite
Ka hurihia te hangarite kirikara ki te pūnaha monoclinic, e whakaatu ana i te 2:1 te rahinga paparanga hanganga me te tātai matū Mg₅(SiO₄)₂(F,OH)₂. Ko tōna ingoa, i ahu mai i te kupu Kariki mō te “kākano” (chondros), e whakaahua tika ana i tōna āhua noa o te puta mai hei pūtoi porotaka, porotaka motuhake i roto i ngā kōhatu metamorphic māpere. E whakanuia ana a Chondrodite mō tōna tae hōhonu, tino whai rawa, e puta pinepine ana i ngā ātanga oraora o te kōwhai pōuri, te karaka mura, me te parauri-whero hōhonu. Ahakoa he onge tonu i te ao, ko ia te tuarua o ngā mema nui rawa atu o te rōpū. I ētahi wā, ka kitea ngā pūkoro o ngā tioata tino mārama, tino whanake, e taea ai e ngā kaiwhakapai kōhatu te hanga hei kōhatu tino ātaahua, tino utu nui mō ngā kaikohi.
Humite
Ko te ingoa o te kohinga kohuke, ka hoki anō ki te pūnaha tioata orthorhombic me te ōwehenga paparanga 3:1, e whakaaturia ana ko Mg₇(SiO₄)₃(F,OH)₂. I te nuinga o te wā ka puta he tioata poto, pūtoi, pūtoi, matotoru rānei e whakaatu ana i ngā tae mai i te mā pūataata me te kōwhai-honikā ki te karaka pōuri me te parauri. He mea whakaparahako, ahakoa i tapaina tōna ingoa ki te whānau kohuke katoa, he tino uaua te kitea o te Humite pono i te taiao. He tino uaua te kimi i ngā tioata pūataata, mā te kanohi, e tika ana mō te whakapaipai, nā reira kāore e taea te kitea ngā kohatu Humite kua oti te whakapaipai i te hokohoko kohatu, ā, kei te rangatira noa i ngā tohunga motuhake.
Clinohumite
Ko te mema tino uaua me te rongonui o te rōpū, e 4:1 te ōwehenga paparanga me te tātai Mg₉(SiO₄)₄(F,OH)₂, ā, e whakapīoioio ana i te pūnaha monoclinic—ko tōna ingoa e tohu tika ana i tōna hangarite whirinaki ki a Humite. E whakaatu ana i te whānuitanga whakamīharo o ngā kārangaranga mura ahi, ngā kōwhai hōnī kaha, me ngā parauri mākona hōhonu, ko Clinohumite te kōhatu tino whakamārama o tēnei whānau kōhatu. Nā ngā putanga rongonui, tōtōpū i ngā wāhi pērā i ngā Maunga Pamir i Tajikistan me te rohe o Taymyr i Rūhia, ka puta mai ngā tioata kotahi nui rawa, mā rawa, me te tino mā o te matū o te rōpū, e whakapūmau ana i tōna tūnga hei taonga tino hiahiatia i te mākete kōhatu tae rangatira.
Ko te Whakatauritea o nga Kohuke o te Roopu Humite
Ko te Rōpū Humite he huinga o ngā kohuke konupora silicate e hono tahi ana i te taha matū me te hanganga. Ahakoa he ōrite ngā kāhui tae me ngā taiao ā-papa whenua, he rerekē ō rātou pūnaha karaihe me ngā whakaritenga hanganga paparanga.
| Āhuatanga | Norbergite | Chondrodite | Humite | Clinohumite |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Te ōwehenga Hanganga (n) | n = 1 | n = 2 | n = 3 | n = 4 |
| Tātai Matū | Mg₃(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂ | Mg₅(SiO₄)₂(F,OH)₂ | Mg₇(SiO₄)₃(F,OH)₂ | Mg₉(SiO₄)₄(F,OH)₂ |
| Pūnaha Kirikiri | Orthorhombic | Monoclinic | Orthorhombic | Monoclinic |
| Te Tikanga Mahi | Ngā whakahuihuinga kirikiri; he uaua te kitea hei tioata pai te hanga. | Ko nga kakano porotaka, wehewehe, e mau ana i roto i nga papa. | He poto, he poto, he pōtae, he kiripiri matotoru rānei. | He nui, he pai te whanake o nga tioata me te hangarite titaha. |
| Āwhi Tae | Kirīmi mā, kōwhai kōwhai, ki te kōwhai parauri māmā. | Ngā atarangi kaha o te kōwhai pōuri, te karaka mura, ki te parauri-whero. | Kiritea mā, kōwhai-honi, ki te karaka pōuri me te parauri. | Ngā kāriki mura o te ahi, ngā kōwhai honi kaha, ki te mākani hohonu. |
| Te Wātea o ngā Kōhatu | Tatahi tonu te whakaputa i ngā rawa kōhatu whakapaipai e taea ana te whakapaipai. | He ongea i te ao, engari i etahi wa ka tapahia hei kohatu whakapaipai mo te kohi. | Tino rawa; kāore e taea te kitea ngā kohatu whakapaipai kua oti. | Kohatu tino whakatau o te whānau; he taonga tino hiahiatia. |
| Uara Tuatahi | E whai ana i te tino hiahia hei tauira onge mā ngā kaikohi kōhatu. | He mea nui ki te whakatau hei kohatu utu nui mō ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi moni. | Heavily monopolized by specialized mineral connoisseurs. | E whakanuia nuitia, e whakanuia hoki ana i te mākete kōhatu tae rangatira. |
Ko te Hiranga Pūtaiao me ngā Whakamahinga o te Humite
Ahakoa ehara a Humite i te taonga ahumahi noa, ko tōna uara kei roto i ngā rangahau matawhenua taumata-tiketike, te tohunga kohatu whakapaipai motuhake, me te rangahau mātauranga. Ko tāna whakamahinga pūtaiao matua he ine-ā-wera whenua me te tohu arohaehae mō te kawe i ngā matū kōrere i roto i te whenua. Nā te mea ka taea e Humite te whakauru i te pūkōwhai me ngā rōpū hauwai ki tōna hanganga (Mg,Fe)₇(SiO₄)₃(F,OH)₂, ka tātarihia e ngā tohunga pōhaku tōna noho i roto i ngā skarns me ngā toka i ahu mai i te kōpaka, kia mārama ai ki te rokiroki me te neke o te wai me ētahi atu matū kōrere i roto i ngā taiao hōhonu o te whenua. I ēnei horopaki, ka noho te kohuke hei tohu tika mō te pāmahana motuhake me te matū wai e puta ana i te wā o te whakapā whakawera i waenga i ngā urunga toka whakarewa me ngā toka kāpata whai konupora nui.
I tua atu i tōna whaihua rangahau, kei a Humite tētahi wāhi whakahirahira i ngā mākete kohinga kohatu me nga kohuke. Ahakoa he onge ake i te āhua o te kounga-kohatu i tōna whanaunga, a Clinohumite, ka tapahia i ētahi wā ngā tioata mārama me ngā tae kōwhai-miere, karaka rānei mō ngā kaikohi taumata teitei e whakahirahira ana i te onge me te takenga mai o te kohuke. Ka tino whakanuia hoki ngā tauira mata māori mō ngā whakaaturanga mātauranga me te whare taonga, inarā ka whakauruhia ātaahua ngā tioata Humite mārama ki roto i te kōpura mā o te kōhatu mārite mā me ngā kohuke pēnei i te phlogopite me te calcite.I roto i ngā horopaki mātauranga me te hangarau, ka whakamahia nuitia a Humite hei paerewa mō ngā tikanga tautuhi kohuke matatau. Ko tōna taupū whakaata teitei ake i te 1.65 me te whakaata-rua ngāwari, he tauira pai tēnei hei whakangungu i ngā ākonga ki te whakamātauranga marama whakaata-polarized me te mātai kohuke whatu. I tua atu, ko tōna hanganga tioata orthorhombic motuhake e whakarato ana i tētahi "tapumati" mārama e whakamahia ana hei whakatika i ngā taputapu whakatairanga-hihi-X (XRD). Ahakoa i roto i te pūtaiao rauemi, ko te pūmau wera o ngā kohuke o te rōpū-Humite kua whakamōhiotia te rangahau ki ngā uku motuhake me ngā rauemi whakapākūkū i hangaia hei ātete i ngā pāmahana ahumahi tino nui.
He iti noa nga korero a Humite e pa ana ki nga pakiwaitara tawhito, ki nga tikanga wairua o mua ranei, na te mea he tino onge, he iti hoki te mohiotia i waho o nga roopu tohunga kohuke. No reira, ko te nuinga o nga whakamaoritanga metaphysical o humite i ahu mai i nga mahi whakaora kiripaka hou, kaua i nga whakapono ahurea kua roa e tu ana. I roto i enei tikanga o naianei, e hono ana te humite ki te kaha whenua, te marama o te hinengaro, te ako, me te panoni tangata haere. Ko ona tae kowhai mahana, karaka, me te parauri whero e hono ana ki te chakra Solar Plexus, e tohu ana i te maia, te mohio, te hihiri, me te kaha o roto. I etahi wa ka kiia e nga kaiwhakaako ko te humite he kohatu e akiaki ana i te whakaaro hohonu me te pumau o te ngakau, ina koa i nga wa o te aro nui, o te whakaaroaroaro ranei. Ko te hanganga paparanga o roto o nga kohuke a te whanau Humite kua whakaaweawe hoki i nga whakamaoritanga tohu e aro ana ki te tipu o roto me te hurahanga puhoi o nga tauira kare-a-roto kua mau. Ahakoa kaore i te whakamanahia enei hononga metaphysical e te putaiao, e whakanuia tonutia ana te humite i roto i nga hapori kiripaka me te whakaaroaro mo tona onge, tona tohu whenua, me tona hononga kaha ki nga taiao whenua puia me te metamorphic.