Ko te Maskelynite he matū motuhake, rite-karaehe, e kitea ana i roto i ngā meteorite me ngā rua pānga o te whenua. Ahakoa e rite ana ki te karaehe tawhito i te kore o tōna anga kirikiri, kua whakarōpūtia hei karaehe diaplectic pūtaiao, kaua he hua o te whakarewa. I takea mai i te plagioclase feldspar, tētahi o ngā kohuke tino noa i ngā kiripaka o te Ao, te Marama, me te Matawhero. Kāore i rite ki te karaehe puia, ki te karaehe hanga-a-tangata rānei, e hanga ana ina mātao rawa te whakarewa kia kore ai e tupu ngā tioata; ka waihangahia te maskelynite mā te whakawhitinga ā-tūnga mārō. Ko te tikanga, ka huri te kohuke mai i tētahi tioata whai anga ki tētahi karaehe whakapōrearea, kāore rawa e waiho hei wai, ka mau tonu te waitohu matū o te kohuke taketake, engari ka ngaro ōna āhuatanga whatu.
Ko te hanganga o te maskelynite he hua tika nō te panoni ohorere i ahu mai i ngā pānga ātea tere-nui. Ina patu te asteroid i te mata o tētahi aorangi, ka tukua he ngaru wiri kaha ki roto i te kohatu huri noa. Kia taea ai te huri i te plagioclase hei maskelynite, me pānga ki ngā teitei tino nui o te pēhanga mai i te 25 ki te 35 gigapascals. I tēnei paepae, ka nui rawa te kaha o te ngaru wiri hei whakaneke tinana i ngā ngota i roto i te tūhononga tioata, ka pakaru i tō rātou whakarite raupapa. Heoi, nā te poto o te pūrere pēhanga, kāore e whai wā, wera pūmau rānei te matū kia tere hei wai. Nā runga ake, ka noho mātiotio ngā ngota i roto i te āhua o te hūngoingoi koretake, e hopu ana i te whakaahua o te wā o te pānga.
Ko te hītori o te maskelynite i tīmata mai i te tau 1872, i te wā i whakaahua tuatahitia ai e te tohunga kerēme Tiamana a Gustav Tschermak i a ia e rangahau ana i te marangai o Shergotty, i taka ki Inia i etahi tau i mua atu. I whakaingoatia e Tschermak te matū ki te ingoa o Mervyn Herbert Nevil Story-Maskelyne, he tohunga kerēme rongonui, he kaitōrangapū hoki nō Peretānia nāna i whakahaere te kohinga marangai i te Whare Pukapuka o Ingarangi. Neke atu i te kotahi rau tau, he mea whakamīharo noa iho te maskelynite i te taha o te mātauranga kerēme, tae noa ki te taenga mai o te wā ātea. I te mutunga iho, ka mōhio ngā kairangahau ko te nuinga o ngā marangai e mau ana i te maskelynite, pērā i ngā Shergottites, he wāhanga nō te kirinuku o Mars. Nā te putanga o tēnei karaihe i homai te taunakitanga hei whakamārama i te āhua o te panga o ēnei toka ki te ātea; nā te kaha o te panga i hanga i te maskelynite i hoatu ai te tere e tika ana kia rere atu i te kukū o Mars. I tēnei rā, ka noho tonu hei taputapu tātaritanga whai tikanga mā ngā kaimātai pūtaiao ki te tātaitanga i te hītori o te hūnga me te pānga o ngā tipi o ngā aorangi.
Hanganga Tioata o Maskelynite
Ko te hanganga kiripiri o te maskelynite e tautuhia ana e tētahi āhua whakakeke o te noho: kei a ia te hanganga matū o te kiripiri engari kāore te raupapa ngota o te wā roa e tautuhi ana i a ia. I tōna āhua taketake, ko te plagioclase feldspar he anga matatini, toru-ahu o te tetrahedra silicate me te aluminate. Ko ēnei tetrahedra kua whakaritea ki tētahi tukutuku tino whakahaere, tukurua e tiritiri ai ngota hā ora i waenga i ngā pokapū silicon me te konumohe. Ka pākia te kohuke e ngā pēhanga ohorere tino kaha, ka panaia tēnei anga ngāwari me te pōkaikaha.
He rerekē ki te karaihe wera, e hangaia ana mā te whakawera i tētahi kohuke kia whati ai ngā here, kia rere noa ai ngā ngota, ka puta te huringa ki te maskelynite i te āhua totoka. Ko te ngaru ohorere e ākina ana ngā ngota kia tere rawa te puta i o rātou tūnga taurite, e kore e taea te hoki ki o rātou tūnga tukutuku taketake ina puta te pēhanga. Nā tēnei ka puta he whakaritenga ngota amorphous, kore-kiripiri. I te taumata moroiti, kāore te maskelynite i te hangarite mō ia wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakakaha i ngā hihi-X, hei whakaatu rānei i te birefringence i raro i te karu whakaata whakaara. Engari, kei te kikī ngā ngota i tētahi kupenga tūpono, tīrori, e rite ana ki te wai hukapapa.
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino whakamīharo o te hanganga o maskelynite ko tōna “whakamaharatanga” ki tōna ao kirikiriata o mua. Ahakoa te kōhauhau o roto o ōna ngota, ka mau tonu te maskelynite i te hanga o waho, ngā papa wehenga, tae atu ki ngā tauira rohe o te karaihe plagioclase taketake. E mōhiotia ana tēnei āhuatanga he pseudomorph. Ahakoa kua whakakorehia te raupapa tawhiti, kei te mau tonu ētahi raupapa tata—ngā hononga ā-rohe i waenga i tētahi ngota silicon kotahi me ōna hoa oxygen tata—i te wāhi kei te ora tonu. Nā tēnei āhua hanganga ka waiho te maskelynite hei kaupapa tino nui mō te tātaritanga irarangi, i te mea he rekoata hanganga pūmau, he rekoata hanganga o te pēhanga ohorere tino nui i pāngia i te wā o tētahi tukinga ā-ao.
Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me te Āhua Whatu
Ko te Maskelynite he kaiwhakaatu motuhake mō te tūkinotanga ātea, ka puta mai he matū rite karaihe i roto i ngā kōwhatu ātea, i ngā wāhi pānga nunui rānei i te whenua. Ahakoa e whakaata ana i te āhua o waho me te hanganga matū o te plagioclase feldspar, he karaihe diaplectic tēnei i te hangarau, i hangaia e te huringa ohorere kaha, kāore i te whakarewa. Ka pā ana te whetūrangi ki te mata o te aorangi, ka whakararuraru kaha ngā ngaru ohorere – e pā ana ki te pēhitanga i waenga i te 25 me te 35 gigapascals – i te whatu karaihe o roto o te kohuke. Nā te mea ka puta tēnei i roto i ngā miriona hēkona, ka kōkiritia ngā ngota ki tētahi āhua hātepe, koretake i mua i te whai wā ki te whakarewa, ki te whakatikatika rānei, e whakatō ana i te pūngao o te pānga ki roto i te kōwhatu. I kitea tuatahitia i te tau 1872 e Gustav Tschermak i roto i te meteorite Shergotty, ā, kua noho hei taputapu nui mō ngā pūtaiao aorangi ki te wetewete i te hītori pānga o Mars me te Marama. I te taha tinana, ka mau tonu te wehenga me te tauira whakarōpūtanga o te kohuke taketake hei “ingoa whaihua,” engari ka whakaatu i tōna tino āhua i raro i te karu whakarahinga mā te noho pōuri katoa i raro i te marama whakaata, he āhuatanga e kīia nei he isotropic. Ko tēnei whakakotahitanga o te mahara karaihe me te koretake karaihe e whakaatu ana i te maskelynite hei ine pēhitanga utu nui mō te mārama i ngā hui kaha rawa atu i te hītori o tō tātou punaha rā.
Ngā whakamahinga pūtaiao me te hiranga o Maskelynite
I ngā maramara o te pūtaiao whetū me te mātai whenua, ko te maskelynite he taputapu tātari whakahirahira hei whakahoki i te hītori tūkino o te pūnaha solar. Nā te mea ka puta noa tēnei matū i roto i te matapihi pēhanga whāiti me te motuhake—i te nuinga o te wā i waenga i te 25 ki te 35 gigapascals—ko tōna aroātanga e taea ai e ngā kairangahau te mahi hei kaitirotiro ātea. Mā te tātari i te maskelynite e kitea ana i roto i ngā meteorite, ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te tātai tika i ngā taumata pēhanga ohorere i pāngia ai e tētahi toka i te wā i panaia tūkino mai i tōna matua tinana, pērā i a Mars, te Marama rānei. Kāore tēnei raraunga e whakaatu noa i te kaha o te pānga, engari ka āwhina hoki i ngā tohunga ki te mārama ki ngā mahi ahupūngao e hiahiatia ana kia taea ai e ngā rawa whetū te eke ki te tere mawhiti, ā, ka haere ki te Ao.Mutu ake i te ine pēhanga, he wāhi nui tā te maskelynite ki te whakatakoto i te raupapa wā o ngā hāpono ātea. Ka whakamahi ngā kaipūtaiao i ngā tikanga ahuwhenua whakararawe i runga i ngā wāhanga karaihe o te rawa hei āwhina i te mahere i te hītori o ngā kōpaka i te mata o Mars me o te Marama. He mea nui tēnei mō te mārama ki te whanaketanga o mua me te hītori pōkaikaha o te pūnaha solar o roto. I te Ao, ko te kitea o te maskelynite i tētahi wāhi e whakapaetia ana he pānga, hei taunakitanga nui ki te whakatūturu i te takenga mai o tētahi kōpaka. Nā te mea kāore e taea e te mahi puia, e ngā panoni papatipu noa rānei te whakaputa i ngā tikanga e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i tēnei karaihe whakatapu, ko tōna tautuhitanga ka wehewehe tika i ngā hanganga pānga meteorite i ngā āhua whenua puia.
Mai i te tirohanga pūtaiao rauemi, e whakaatu ana te maskelynite i ngā māramatanga hōhonu mō te āhua o te matū e whanonga ana i raro i te taumahatanga tino nui. Ko te ako i te āhua o te whakarōpūtanga o te tioata tino whakahaere e tīmata ana ki te wehe ki tētahi āhua koretake, korehāhā hoki, me te kore e rewa, e whakaatu ana i te tirohanga motuhake ki ngā whakawhitinga āhua mārō. He mea nui ēnei mātakitaki mō ngā kaipūkaha e whanake ana i ngā rauemi o te reanga whai muri mō te aerospace me te whakapūmau. Mā te mārama ki te whakawhitinga hanganga o ngā kohuke pērā i te plagioclase i raro i te pānga, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whakapai ake i te hoahoa o ngā ceramics tino kaha, me ngā kohinga karaihe pānga-ātete e kaha ana ki te tu atu i ngā taiao tinana tino taumaha.