Ko Cancrinite he kohuke pākawa waro me te pākawa tūhua onge, nō te rōpū feldspathoid, me te tātai matū Na₆Ca₂Al₆Si₆O₂₄(CO₃)₂·2H₂O. Ka kitea i ngā toka ahi kawakawa, inarā i ngā syenite nepheline me ngā toka e iti ana te silica. E mōhiotia ana te kohuke mō ōna tae kanapa, tae atu ki ngā momo kōwhai, karaka, mā, kākāriki, me te kikorangi, me tōna hanganga karaihe motuhake kei roto ko ngā rōpū pākawa waro me ngā anga aluminosilicate.
I whakaahuatia tuatahitia a Cancrinite i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 19, ā, i whakaingoatia hei whakanui i a Georgy Cancrin (1774–1845), he kaitōrangapū Rūhia me te minita o ngā pūtea i te wā o te Emepaea o Rūhia. Ahakoa kāore e kiia ana he kōhatu whakapaipai matua nā te iti o tōna pakeke me te iti o te wātea, ka whakapaingia a Cancrinite e ngā kaikohi kōhatu mō ōna tae ātaahua, tōna matū rerekē, me tōna hononga ki ngā taiao kōhatu kawakawa onge. Ko tōna noho mai e whakarato ana i ngā pārongo ā-papa whenua nui e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga i hanganga ai ngā toka kawakawa pūmanawa. Mai i te tirohanga ā-kōhatu, he tauira nui a Cancrinite o te kohuke feldspathoid matatini. Kāore i rite ki ngā kohuke silica noa e mau ana i ngā hanganga silica anake, ka kuhu a Cancrinite i ngā ngota waro-waikura me ngā rāpoi ngota wai ki roto i tōna anga tioata, e hōmai ana i ōna āhuatanga tinana me te matū motuhake. He maha ngā wā ka noho tahi ia me ngā kohuke pērā i te nepheline, te sodalite, te calcite, te natrolite, me ētahi atu kohuke kawakawa, e waiho ana ia hei kaupapa whakamīharo mā ngā kaikohi me ngā kairangahau e rangahau ana i ngā tukanga pāheno onge.
Te Hītori me te Kitenga o Cancrinite
I tohua tuatahitia a Cancrinite hei momo kohuke motuhake i te tau 1839 e te tohunga kohuke Tiamana a Gustav Rose, nana i rangahau ngā tauira mai i ngā maunga o Ural i Rūhia. I whakaingoatia te kohuke i muri mai hei whakanui i a Georg Ludwig Cancrin, he kaitōrangapū rongonui Rūhia, he tohunga ōhanga hoki, i noho hei Minita mō ngā Pūtea o te Emepaea o Rūhia mai i te tau 1823 ki te tau 1844. I whakaatu tēnei whakaingoa i te hononga o mua i waenga i te torotoro kohuke i Rūhia me ngā takoha pūtaiao i tautokohia i taua wā.
I roto i te rautau 1800, ka tino whakawhānuitia te ako mō ngā toka kawakawa, ka kitea ai te maha o ngā kohuke rerekē e pā ana ki ngā taiao igneous kua iti te silica. Ka noho a Cancrinite hei kohuke nui mō te mārama ki ngā toka whai feldspathoid, nā te mea ko tōna hanganga e pā ana ki te panonitanga o te nepheline me ētahi atu kohuke aluminosilicate whai konutai. I ako ngā tohunga kohuke tuatahi i te Cancrinite kia mārama ake ai ki ngā panonitanga matū e puta ana i roto i ngā pūnaha magmatic kawakawa, ina koa ngā tukanga e pā ana ki ngā wai whai waro.
Ko te rangahau hou kua kitea e tohu ana a Cancrinite i tētahi rōpū uaua o ngā kōhatu, me ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga matū nā ngā whakakapinga i roto i tōna hanganga tioata. Ko ngā whanaketanga o te whakamararatanga X-ray me ngā tikanga tātari kua āwhina i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te mārama ki tōna hanganga anga, ngā āhuatanga whakamākūtanga, me tōna hononga ki ētahi atu kōhatu feldspathoid. I ēnei rā, ka noho tonu a Cancrinite hei tauira kōhatu whakahirahira, e whakanuia ana mō tōna hiranga pūtaiao me tōna painga ki ngā kaikohi kōhatu.
Te Hanganga me te Tūponotanga o Cancrinite
Ka puta te Cancrinite i ngā wāhi whakatākā kawakawa e iti ana te silica, ā, he nui ngā huānga pēnei i te sodium, te calcium, te aluminum, me te carbonate. Ka tipu i te n
Ka kitea te Cancrinite i ngā syenite nepheline, ngā pegmatite kawakawa, me ētahi atu toka puia kua iti te silica. Ka puta pea hei karaihe pererua iti, hei whakahiato kirikiri, hei rauemi whakakapi rānei i roto i ngā karaihe nepheline. Ko ngā kohuke e piri ana ko te nepheline, te sodalite, te calcite, te natrolite, me ētahi atu kohuke feldspathoid. Kua pūrongotia ngā putanga nui mai i ngā rohe pērā i te Kola Peninsula i Ruhia, Kānata, Nōwei, me ētahi wāhanga o te United States, i reira ngā hanganga toka kawakawa e whakarato ai i ngā tikanga e tika ana mō tōna whanaketanga.
Ngā momo me ngā rerekētanga o te Cancrinite
E mōhiotia ana ko Cancrinite he rōpū kohuke, ehara i te kohuke kotahi he ōrite tona hanganga matū. Ka whakarōpūtia ngā momo rerekē i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga matū, te hanganga tioata, me ngā wāhanga matua kei roto i te anga o te kohuke. Ko ēnei rerekētanga ka puta mai i te whakakapinga o ngā katote pērā i te warowākana, te whānawhana pungatara, te pūhaumāota, me ngā rōpū
- Hydroxycancrinite – He momo e kitea ai ngā rōpū hydroxyl hei mea nui i roto i ngā ara hanganga. Ka puta i te wā e panoni ana te nephelina, ā, ko ia tētahi o ngā mema e kitea whānuitia ana o te rōpū Cancrinite. Te tikanga he mā, he kōwhai pūhoru, he kore tae rānei, ā, ka puta hei whakahiato pūngao tāpataiti, hei tioata iti rānei.
- Vishnevite – He momo Cancrinite whai pūkaha pākawa hāwate nā te nui o ngā rōpū pākawa hāwate kei roto i tōna hanganga. E pā ana ia ki ngā toka whakakōhatu kawakawa, ā, ka kitea pea ngā tioata mā, kōwhai, karakā rānei. He mea tino whakahua a Vishnevite e ngā kaikohi kohuke nā tōna āhuatanga matū motuhake me tōna hononga ki ngā huinga kohuke kawakawa onge.
- Kanekinīti Sulfatika – He nui ngā katote pākawa whārite kei roto i tēnei momo hei whakakapi i ngā rōpū warowāhaora i roto i te hanganga tioata. Ka tipu whānui tēnei i ngā taiao e pā ana ngā wai whai whanariki ki te hanganga o ngā kohuke kawakawa.
- Cancrinite whai rawa te waro – Ko te āhuatanga angapū o te Cancrinite kei roto ngā rōpū warowāhaora hei wāhanga matua o te hanganga. He maha ngā wā ka puta i ngā ātara o te kōwhai, te karaka, te mā, te kākāriki rānei, ā, e tohu ana i te hanganga matarohia e whakaahuatia nuitia ana i ngā pukapuka tohutoro kohuke.
Ahakoa rerekē ngā momo Cancrinite i te taha matū, he ōrite ngā āhuatanga hanganga me ngā takenga ā-papa. Ko ōna rerekētanga e whakaatu ana i ngā panonitanga o te hanganga o ngā wai whakanao kōhatu me te taiao toka huri noa i te wā whakatio me te panonitanga.
Te hanganga karaihe o Cancrinite
He hanganga karaihe matatini a Cancrinite nō te pūnaha karaihe hexagonal, ā, ka whakarōpūtia ki te rōpū kohuke feldspathoid. Ko tōna anga he mea titoa mai i ngā tetrahedra konumohe me te silicon e hono ana, e whakarite ana i tētahi whatunga aluminosilicate ahu-toru. I roto i tēnei anga, kei reira ngā hongere me ngā rua nunui, e taea ai te whakauru i ētahi atu wāhanga kanorau, tae atu ki ngā katote konutai, ngā katote konupūmā, ngā rāpoi ngota wai, me ngā anion pērā i te waroā, te pūngāwhā, te māota rānei. Ko tēnei whakaritenga anga tuwhera tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua o Cancrinite, ā, e whakamārama ana i tōna kaha ki te whakauru i ngā rōpū matū rerekē.
Ko te hanganga karaihe o Cancrinite e hono tata ana ki tō te nephelene, ā, ka puta ai i muri i ngā tukanga whakarerekētanga. Heoi, kāore i rite ki te nephelene, kei roto i te Cancrinite ngā wāhanga warowāka me te wai i roto i tōna anga, ka mutu, he uaua ake, he mākū ake hoki tōna hanganga. Nā te noho o ēnei hongere, ka taea ai ngā whakakapinga matū, ka puta ai ngā mema rerekē o te rōpū Cancrinite me ōna titonga paku rerekē. Ka whakaawetia e ēnei rerekētanga hanganga te tae, te pūmau, me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te kohuke, ā, he kohuke nui te Cancrinite mō ngā rangahau o te matū feldspathoid me te kunenga o ngā toka kawakawa.
Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me ngā Āhuatanga Matū o Cancrinite
Ko te Cancrinite he kōhatu ngāwari, he 5 ki te 6 tōna pakeke i runga i te tauine Mohs, nā reira he ngāwari ake i te maha o ngā kōhatu silicate noa, pērā i te kirika. I te nuinga o te wā he kānapanapa karaihe ki te peara tōna kānapanapa, ina koa ki ngā mata kiriata hou me ngā paparanga wehenga. He momo tae ōna e kitea nuitia ana, arā, te mā, te kōwhai, te karaka, te kākāriki, te pūrau, me te hina, ahakoa ka puta anō ētahi momo kore-tae. I te nuinga o te wā he mā tōna kiriweti, ā, he mārama ki te āhua mārama tōna āhua, i runga anō i te kounga o te kiriata me ngā parahanga. He pai te wehenga o te Cancrinite ki ētahi ahunga, nā te hanganga paparanga me te hongere o tōna hanganga kiriata, ko tōna whatianga he kōhikohiko, he āhua anō he anga-kūtai te āhua.
I te taha matū, he kohuke kawa konutai konupūmā konumohe parāone waiwaro matatini a Cancrinite me te tātai whānui Na₆Ca₂Al₆Si₆O₂₄(CO₃)₂·2H₂O. Ka rerekē pea tōna hanganga nā te mea ka taea e ngā anion rerekē, tae atu ki te warowaihā, te pūngāwhā, te pūhaumāota, me ngā rōpū hydroksyl, te noho ki ngā awaawa hanganga. He ngoikore te tauhohenga o te kohuke ki ngā waikawa waimeha nā tōna kiko warowaihā, e rerekē ai ia i te maha atu o ngā kohuke feldspathoid. He iti noa iho tōna kiato, ā, ko te tikanga kei te 2.4 ki te 2.5 g/cm³, e whakaatu ana i tōna hanganga karaihe tuwhera kei roto ngā ngota wai me ngā rua nunui o roto. Nā ēnei āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki motuhake, he kohuke whakahirahira a Cancrinite hei mārama ki ngā hanganga aluminosilicate matatini me ngā taiao whenua kawakawa.
Ngā Wāhi me te Keritanga o Cancrinite
Ka kitea te Cancrinite ki ētahi wāhi iti noa i te ao, ko te nuinga kei ngā rohe e mau ana i ngā toka ahi alkaline me ngā hanganga matawhenua whai feldspathoid. Ko tētahi o ngā wāhi tino nui ko te Kola Peninsula i Rūhia, kei reira ngā pūhui alkaline whānui e noho ana i te tini o ngā kohuke onge, tae atu ki te Cancrinite. Ko ētahi atu wāhi rongonui ko ngā rohe o Kānata, N
Nā te mea he kohuke onge te Cancrinite, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka kitea hei wāhanga iti i roto i ngā toka alkaline matatini, e kore ia e keria hei rawa ahumahi. Engari, ka kohikohia ngā tauira mō te rangahau mātai kohuke, mō ngā kohinga whare taonga, ā, mā ngā kaikohi takitahi. Ko te tangohanga he āta tango i ngā rawa o te toka kāinga mai i ngā wāhi kohuke-nui, kātahi ka horoi me te whakarite kia kitea ai ngā mata o te tioata. Ko ngā tioata Cancrinite tino pai te hanga, me ngā tae ataahua me te hono atu ki ētahi atu kohuke onge, ka tino u
Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Tono o Cancrinite
He iti noa iho ngā whakamahinga arumoni o Cancrinite, ina whakatauritea ki ngā kohuke ahumahi maha ake, engari he nui tōna hiranga i roto i ngā rangahau matawhenua me ngā hapori kaikohi. Nā tōna hanganga matū uaua me tōna hanganga karaihe rerekē, ka rangahauhia a Cancrinite e ngā kaimātai whenua me ngā kaimātai kohuke kia pai ake ai te mōhio ki ngā kohuke feldspathoid, ngā tukanga tōranga kawakawa, me te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā toka magmatic me ngā wai hydrothermal. Nā tōna kaha ki te pupuri i ngā rōpū warowāha, ngā ngota wai, me ngā momo anion i roto i ōna ara hanganga, he tauira nui ia mō te ako i te pūmau o te kohuke me te whakakapinga matū i roto i ngā hanganga silicate tuwhera.
I roto i te mahi kohi kohuke, e mihia ana te Cancrinite mō ōna tae ātaahua, te putanga onge, me te hono ki ētahi atu kohuke kawakawa onge. Ko ngā tauira e whakaatu ana i te kōwhai kanapa, te karaka, te kākāriki, te āhua karaihe pai rānei, e tino hiahiatia ana e ngā kaikohi. Ahakoa kāore e whakamahia nuitia hei kōhatu whakapaipai nā te mea he mārō ōrite, ā, he iti te roa o te ora, ka whakamahia i ētahi wā ngā wāhanga orohia me ngā tauira whakaatu hei whakapaipai. Ko tōna uara e whakatauhia ana e te kounga karaihe, te tae, te wāhi, me te hono ki ētahi atu kohuke kaikohi, kaua mā te whakamahi whakapaipai whānui.
Ka whai wāhi hoki te Cancrinite ki ngā rangahau matawhenua mā te āwhina i ngā kairangahau ki te tautohu me te whakamārama i te hītori o ngā hanganga toka kawakawa. Nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka puta mā te whakarerekētanga o te nepheline i raro i ngā tikanga matū motuhake, ka taea e tōna noho mai te whakaatu tohu mō te wāteatanga o ngā wai momona waro, me te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha kohuke i muri i te whakatōpūtanga tuatahi o ngā toka tōrangapū. Mā ēnei whakamahinga pūtaiao, ka noho tonu te Cancrinite hei kohuke nui ahakoa tōna onge me t