Gahnospinel

Ko Gahnospinel he mema onge, he nui te konutea o te spinel supergroup, e puta ana i ngā taiao metamorphic me skarn e mau ana te konutea, ā, e whakakikoruatia ana i te pūnaha tioata cubic.

Gahnospinel Raraunga Kohuke
Tātai Matū	(Mg,Zn)Al2O4
Rōpū Kōhuke	Kohuke Waikura (Rōpū Spinel)
Whakaaturanga	Tōpū; Rōpū Mokowā Fd3m
Te Tūturu Kupenga	a = 8.08 Å – 8.12 Å (rerekē i runga i te ōwehenga whakakapi Zn:Mg)
Te tikanga karaihe	Ko te nuinga ka puta hei tioata oktahedra, he maha ngā wā kua whakarerekētia e ngā mata dodekahedra. Ka kitea hoki hei kirikiri porotaka e kōnatia ana e te wai i ngā putunga o ngā awa, ā, hei whakahiato kiato, kirikiri, nui rānei. He maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i te whakahoahoa ture-spinel.
Āhuatanga Whatu	I te nuinga o te wā kāore he; engari, ko ētahi tauira onge ka whakaatu i te asterism ngāwari, i te panoni tae ngoikore rānei i raro i ngā puna mārama rerekē.
Āwhi Tae	He tikanga he kākāriki pōuri, kākāriki-kikorangi, kikorangi hōhonu, pango-kākāriki, kikorangi-tūārangi rānei. Ko te tae e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te wahanga o te konutea me ngā wāhi iti o te rino, te kōbata rānei hei kara whakarewa whakawhiti.
Te pakeke o Mohs	7.5 – 8.0
Te pakeke o Knoop	Ko te tikanga, tata ki te 1200 – 1400 kg/mm² (e whakaatu ana i te ātete miihini teitei, he āhuatanga o te anga roopu spinel).
Rārangi	Mā, hina mā rānei
Te Tauākī Whakaata (RI)	n = 1.725 – 1.775 (ka piki ake pūnahanaha ki te nui ake o te konutea ina e tata atu ana ki te gahnite parakore)
Pūāhua Tirohanga	Whakaōrite (ka taea te whakaatu i te rerenga whakaata rua whakaraerae nā te taumahatanga o roto, ngā kōhaha hanganga rānei)
Pleochroism	Kāore (kāore ngā kōhatu isometric e whakaatu i te pleochroism i raro i te rama whakaari-papa).
Whakamararatanga	Whakatau; 0.020 (he ōrite ki, he paku nui ake rānei i te paerewa magnesium spinel)
Te Whakawhiti Wera	Teitei ki te āhua ngāwari; te tikanga 12 – 15 W/(m·K) i te pāmahana rūma (tino pūmau me te ū i raro i ngā rerekētanga wera tere).
Te Whakahaere Hiko	He kaitaunaki hiko tino pai; he iti rawa te kaha ārahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana me te pēhanga pāere.
Tūāwhiora Whakauru	Ngā āhuatanga e whakaatu ana i ngā rōpū horonga māramatanga motuhake e pā ana ki te rino octahedral/tetrahedral (Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺) me te konutea (Co²⁺), e whakaatu ana i ngā rōpū horonga angamaheni i te 458 nm, 480 nm, me ngā hanganga matatini i te rohe kōwhai-mātomato mō ngā momo kikorangi.
Whitiā	I te nuinga o te wā, he koretake, he whakaatu rānei i te tauwhitiwhiti pūwhero pōuri ki te karaka i raro i te rama UV roa (LW), i runga anō i te rahinga o te whakapēpē o te rino tino paku.
Te Taumaha Motuhake (SG)	3.58 – 4.10 (ka piki haere tonu i te mea ka whakakapi ngā ngota konutea taumaha ake i ngā ngota konupūmā māmā ake i roto i te huinga tioata).
Whakakā (Pōrihi)	He paru ki te raro-adamantine, e whai ana i te kanapa tino mārama me te tino kanapa.
Māramatanga	Māramarama ki te pūataata, ka tata pōuri i ngā momo mātotoru, whakauru nui, pōuri rawa rānei.
Wehenga / Whatiwhati	Koretake/kino i runga i {111} / Whatu pākoro ki te whatu tōpū.
Pakeke / Toa	Pai ki te tino pai (tino atete ki te tapatapahi me te whati nā te hanganga waikura kikī-pāka-toru e herea kikī ana).
Te Putanga Whenua	E kitea ana i roto i ngā tokapapa whakarerekē tino kaha, ngā rohe whakarerekē whakapā, me ngā pegmatite whai konutea, putunga skarn rānei. Ka kohikohi pinepine hei kōwhatu taimaha mārō i roto i ngā kirikiri whai kohatu me ngā papa awa whāi nā tōna ātete ki te huarere tino kaha.
Ngā whakaurunga	Ka whakahaere i te nuinga o te wā i ngā whakaurunga rutile rite ki te ngira (hiraka), ngā rua kōpuku whakapāpā, ngā pūhare rino, ngā tapumati e ki ana i te wai, me ngā moroiti o te apatite, te zircon, me ētahi atu spinel.
Te rewa	Kore e whakarewa i te wai, ā, tino ātete ki ngā waikawa noa (tae atu ki te HCl me te HNO3 wera). Ka taea anake te whakakore mā te whakahanumi i te kawakawa kaha, mā te rongo roa rānei ki te waikawa hākiroa whakapīngao wera.
Pūmau	He tino pūmau i te pāmahana me te matū. Kāore e pirau, e whakarerekē rānei i ngā āhuatanga o te haumārama, ā, ka rewa noa i te pāmahana tino nui, neke atu i te 1900°C.
Ngā kohuke e pā ana	Pinera, Kanaite, Makanetite, Porokopite, Honorotite, Kotierite, Kaneti, Kuata, me Koruramu.
Maimoatanga Tikanga	Ko te gahnospinel o te kounga kōhatu whakapaipai, he tata katoa te kore e whakahaerea. He pūmau māori, ā, kāore e pai te whakautu ki te whakamahana, ki te whakamaama rānei, nō reira ko ngā tae he māori katoa. Ko ngā kōhatu kāwanga onge, ka taea e te wā te whakapai i te mārama o te mata ki te hinu, ki te kāpia rānei.
He Tauira Rongonui	He tioata tino pai te kikorangi kanapa me te kākāriki hōhonu hei tāonga, i kitea i roto i ngā kirikiri waipuke o Sri Lanka, me ngā tioata motuhake nui me te hanga pai mai i ngā rohe metamorphic matatini o Madagascar me Nigeria.
Etymology	I whakaingoatia hei kupu whakaranu e whakakotahi ana i a “Gahnite” (i muri i te tohunga matū o Huitene a Johan Gottlieb Gahn) me “Spinel”, e whakaatu ana i tōna hanganga matū takawaenga hei raupapa wairewa tūturu i waenga i ngā pito kōhuke e rua.
Whakarōpūtanga Strunz	04.BB.05 (Pākawa me te ōwehenga konganuku M:O = 3:4 me te rite, me ngā katinga rahi-waenga).
Ngā Wāhi Tūturu	Sri Lanka (Ratnapura me Elahera rohe), Madagascar, Nigeria, Brazil, Sweden (Falun), me te United States (Franklin, New Jersey).
Te iririkitanga	Kore (tino korekore).
Pāitanga	Kāore i te paitini, ā, he tino haumaru ki te whakahaere. Me whai i ngā tikanga haumaru mō te manawa kia kore ai e manawa i ngā puehu pai i te hau i te wā e tapahi ana, e oro ana i te kōhatu.
Tohu & Tikanga	Ki ngā kōrero o ngā kōhatu tāonga, e whakaponohia ana he whakakotahi i ngā pūngao whakahou o te spinel tuku iho me ngā āhuatanga whakataunga o ngā kohuke konutea. E hono ana ki te ao wairua ki te whakaora i ngā pūngao kua pau, ki te whakaohooho i te arotahi hinengaro, ki te whakapakari i te māia, me te āwhina i te tukatuka aronganui o te mamae huna.

Ko te Gahnospinel he mema onge e kī ana i te konutea o te rōpū nui o te spinel, me te tātai matū e tika ana ko (Mg,Zn)Al₂O₄, e tohu ana i te whakaurunga waenga i te spinel konupora (MgAl₂O₄) me te gahnite (ZnAl₂O₄). Ka tioata i roto i te pūnaha tioata pūtoru, ā, ka whai āhua i ngā tioata octahedral me te kanapa karaehe. Ko ngā tae mai i te kahurangi pōuri me te kahurangi-mātomato ki te kākāriki, te hina, me te pango tata, i runga anō i ngā ōwehenga o te konutea, te konupora, te rino, me ngā huānga tohu. He onge te tioata gahnospinel o te kounga kohatu mārama, ā, ka tapatapahia i ētahi wā hei kohinga mā ngā kaikohi, ko te nuinga o ngā tauira e whakahuatia ana mō te rangahau mātai kohuke. Nā tōna tūranga i roto i te raupapa whakarewa-waenga o te spinel, ka whakaatu te gahnospinel i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana e noho waenga ana i te spinel me te gahnite, tae atu ki te taupū whakaata me te taumaha motuhake e piki ana. Ka kitea te nuinga i ngā taiao matawhenua o te metamorphic me te metasomatic e kī ana i te konutea.

Te Hītori o Gahnospinel

Ahakoa i tapaina te pūmotu zinc gahnite i te tau 1807 hei whakahonore i te tohunga kemu Swedish a Johan Gottlieb Gahn, kāre i whakamanatia te kohuke e mōhiotia ana he gahnospinel tae noa ki te tau 1937. I ngā rangahau o ngā kowhatu kahurangi nō Sri Lanka, i kite ngā tohunga kowhatu karaehe o Ingarangi a Basil W. Anderson rāua ko Cecil J. Payne he nui ake te taupū whakaata me te kaitaunaki o ētahi spinels e kore e taea te whakamārama e te spinel konupora noa. Nā ngā tātaritanga matū i muri mai e Tākuta Max Hey i whakaatu te whakakapinga o te zinc nui i roto i te hanganga tioata, e whakapūmau ana ko ēnei tauira he mema waenga i waenganui i te spinel me te gahnite. I whakaurua te ingoa “gahnospinel” hei whakaatu i tōna hononga ki te gahnite me tōna whakauru ki te rōpū spinel. I ēnei rā, e mōhiotia ana te kohuke he momo nui-zinc i roto i te rōpū nui spinel, ā, kei te noho tonu hei mea whai tikanga ki ngā tohunga kowhatu me ngā tohunga kowhatu karaehe nā tōna matū uaua me tōna tino uaua ki te hanga mata.

Te Hanganga o Gahnospinel

Ko te Gahnospinel e hanga ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga pārūrū teitei o tewhenua e wātea ana te konutea me te konumohe i te wā e whakaputaina ana te kohuke. He mea hono nuitia ki te whakarerekētanga ā-rohe, te whakarerekētanga whakapā, me ngā tukanga whakawhiti e pā ana ki ngā toka whai konutea nui. Ko ngā putanga noa e whakauru ana i ngā pūranga konutea kua whakarerekētia, ngā pūnaha skarn i hua mai i te taunekeneke o ngā whakaurunga ahi me ngā toka waro, me ngā taiao waiariki e whai ana i ngā wai konutea. I te wā o te whakarerekētanga, ka puta te konutea mai i ngā kohuke pēnei i te sphalerite, ka tauhohe ki ngā kohuke konumohe kia whakaputaina ai te gahnospinel i raro i ngā pāmahana tiketike me ngā pēhanga āhua tiketike ki te tiketike. He maha ngā wā ka puta te kohuke i te taha o te garnet, te quartz, te magnetite, te sphalerite, te willemite, me ērā atu kohuke konutea. Kāore e tino kitea ngā tioata pai te hanga nā te mea kāore i te whānui ngā āhuatanga matū motuhake e hiahiatia ana hei whakakapi konutea nui i roto i te hanganga spinel, nā reira he kohuke onge a te gahnospinel i roto i te taiao.

Ngā Wāhi Gahnospinel

Ahakoa e kiia ana he kohuke onge te gahnospinel, kua pānuitia mai i te maha o ngā putunga konutea whakawhiti me ngā putunga skarn puta noa i te ao. Ko te nuinga o ngā tūponotanga e honoa ana ki ngā rohe e whakawhiti ana ngā kohuke konutea i te whakawhitinga o te taumata waenga ki te taumata tiketike, i te whakarerekētanga metasomatic rānei.

Ko Sri Lanka tētahi o ngā puna rongonui o te gahnospinel kounga kōhatu. Kua puta mai i ngā kirikiri kōhatu o te whenua ngā tioata kikorangi māramarama ki te kikorangi-kākāriki, e tapahia ana hei kōhatu mō ngā kaikohi i ētahi wā. Ka hono ēnei tauira ki ētahi atu kōhatu pēnei i te spinel, te hapaira, te zircon, me te garnet.

I Huitene, i kitea ai te kohuke gahnite e pā ana, ko ngā kohuke o te rōpū spinel e whai zinc ana, tae atu ki te gahnospinel, kua tuhia ki roto i ngā pūkete sulfide kua whakapakeketia. Kua pūrongohia ētahi atu putanga mai i Ahitereiria, Namibia, Madagasikara, Inia, Rūhia, Kānata, Haina, Parīhi, me Hononga o Amerika, inarā i ngā pūkete skarn me ngā whenua whakapakeke tiketike. Te nuinga o ngā tauira ka kohia hei rangahau pūtaiao, kaua hei whakapaipai, nā te mea ko ngā tioata mārama e noho onge ana.

Ngā Momo Gahnospinel

Gahnospinel (Mg,Zn)Al₂Kia ora, he kaiwhakamāori paetukutuku ngaio koe. Whakamāoritia te kuputuhi mai i te en_US ki te mi. Kia rite tonu te hanganga HTML, ngā wāhi pupuri, ngā hononga, ngā waehere poto, ngā taurangi, ngā tau, me te hōputu tohu. Whakahokia anake te kuputuhi kua whakamāoritia, kaua he whakamārama, he tohu rānei.₄ Kāore e whai ingoa momo e whakaaetia ana e te mana i roto i te mātai kohatu tawhito. Engari, he whakaatu i te mara whakauru waenga i roto i te raupapa whakauru totoka e herea ana e te spinel. i runga i te tikanga tōtika me te gahnite. Ka whakarōpūtia e te pūtaiao ngā tauira mā te matū o ngā huānga tapatahi, ngā ōwehenga whakakapinga tūāhua, me te paragenesis petrological.

Gahnospinel Konutea-Tino

E anga whakaurunga ana ki te mema whakamutunga o te gahnite (ZnAl₂Kia ora, he kaiwhakamāori paetukutuku ngaio koe. Whakamāoritia te kuputuhi mai i te en_US ki te mi. Kia rite tonu te hanganga HTML, ngā wāhi pupuri, ngā hononga, ngā waehere poto, ngā taurangi, ngā tau, me te hōputu tohu. Whakahokia anake te kuputuhi kua whakamāoritia, kaua he whakamārama, he tohu rānei.₄), ko tēnei momo e whakaatu ana i te taumaha motuhake (S.G.) teitei ake me te taupātanga whakaata (R.I.) tino teitei ake. He whakawaiwai whakarewa whakawhiti, inā Fe²⁺ me Co²⁺, ka whakakapi tonu i roto i ngā wāhi tetrahedral, e hōmai ana i te whakakī kaha. Mātai kanohi, ka whakaatu ēnei tauira i te tae-whero-kikorangi hōhonu, te tae-kākāriki-mōuri hōhonu, te tae-ngāhere-pango rānei.

Konupora-tino Kāhanopīnara

Kua whakatakotoria kia tata atu ki te mema whakamutunga o te spinel parakore. (MgAl₂Kia ora, he kaiwhakamāori paetukutuku ngaio koe. Whakamāoritia te kuputuhi mai i te en_US ki te mi. Kia rite tonu te hanganga HTML, ngā wāhi pupuri, ngā hononga, ngā waehere poto, ngā taurangi, ngā tau, me te hōputu tohu. Whakahokia anake te kuputuhi kua whakamāoritia, kaua he whakamārama, he tohu rānei.₄)Ko tēnei momo-iti e whakaputa ana i te taumaha motuhake me ngā tawhā whakaata e iti iho ana i ōna hoa whai konutea. I te kore o ngā poke whakarewa whakawhiti matua, e whakaatu ana ēnei kiripiri i ngā tae pūmau, tae korekore, e puta ana hei tae kikorangi kowhatu mā, hei tae rāwini hina, hei tae hina kakariki ngāwari rānei.

Gahnospinel Āhua Pai Kounga Kohatu

He mārama ki te tirohanga whānui, ngā tioata totika kāore i te whai kōhuhu taumaha, he tino onge, ā, ka tino hiahiatia e ngā kaikohi kohatu whakarākai pūmahara. I te ao hoko, he uaua te kitea i roto i ngā whakapaipai noa. Nā te rite o ngā āhuatanga whatu ki te spinel kikorangi noa, ko te tautuhi tuturu e hiahia ana ki te tātaritanga hīkaro matatau (hei tauira, EDXRF rānei Raman mātai hihingaki te whakau i te noho o te konutai hanganga nui

Gahnospinel Nui me te Paragenetic

I roto i ngā taiao whenua, ko te gahnospinel te nuinga ka whakawhenua hei kohinga matotoru anhedral ki subhedral kua horahia i roto i ngā terrane whakapakeke teitei, pēnei i te māpere, skarns, me ngā pegmatite motuhake. Ko ēnei tauira hei tohu petrogenetic tino nui, e whakaatu ana i ngā whakataunga mō te whakawhiti konutea me ngā pāhekoheko wai-toka i te wā o te whānuipānga o te hurihanga toka.

Hanganga Tioata o Gahnospinel

Ko Gahnospinel he momo o te rōpū nui spinel, ā, ka whakataio i te pūnaha tioata isometric (cubic). Ko tōna hanganga e whai ana i te tātai spinel whānui AB₂O₄, kei reira te konupora me te konupūngāwhā e noho ana i ngā wāhi tetrahedral A, ko te konukōriki e noho ana i ngā wāhi octahedral B.

Ngā ngota hāora e hanga ana i tētahi anga pūtahi tata whakaarahia e whakarato ana i te pūmau hanganga whaihua. Ko te konutea me te konupora e whakakapi noa ana tetahi ki tetahi puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā momo tito, e hanga ana i tētahi raupapa whakamārire mārō i waenga i te spinel me te gahnite. Ko tēnei whakakapi ngota te take o ngā rerekētanga i te kiato, te taupae whakataunga, me te tae e kitea ana i waenga i ngā tauira rerekē. Ko ngā tioata takitahi e tupu ana hei oktahedra tino hanga, ahakoa ko te dodecahedral me te hanga tioata pāhekeheke ka puta. He onge te tūngau, ā, kāore he wehenga nā te kaha o te hononga ahu-toru i roto i te pūtahi tioata. Heoi, ka whati te gahnospinel i te nuinga o te wā ki te mata kōnohi ki te taurite kore.

Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana o Gahnospinel

Ko te Gahnospinel he kohuke waikura pumau nō te rōpū spinel, ā, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga tinana kei waenga i te spinel konupora me te gahnite kīhai te konutea. Ka whakakārapuritia e ia ki te pūnaha whakakārapu tapawhā (inenga ōrite), ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia he tioata oktahedra, ahakoa ko ngā whakamahinga o te kirikiri me te matatini e kitea nuitia ana i te taiao. E whakaatu ana te kohuke i te kanapa karaihe, ā, he mārama ki te pōuri i runga i te kounga o te tioata. He tino rerekē te tae, ko te tikanga he kahurangi, he kākāriki-kahurangi, he kākāriki, he hina, he kākāriki pōuri, me te tata pango, ko te tae e whakahaerehia ana e te ōwehenga o te konutea, te konupora, te rino, me ētahi atu huānga tohu. Ko te pakeke o Gahnospinel e tata ana ki te 7.5 ki te 8 i runga i te tatauranga Mohs, nā reira ka kaha ki te ātete ki te wiri, ā, e tika ana hei whakamahi i ngā wā kāore i te nui hei kōhatu whakapaipai. Kāore he wehenga mā te hanganga tioata e toru-ahu kaha, ā, ka whati i te whatinga anau ki te koretake, e whai wāhi ana ki te pakeke o te kohuke. Ko te taumaha motuhake o te kohuke kei waenga i te 4.1 ki te 4.4, he tino teitei ake i te spinel konupora noa nā te nui o te konutea. I runga i te tirohanga, he isotropic te gahnospinel, pērā i te tikanga mō ngā kohuke tapawhā, me te tatauranga whakaata kei waenga i te 1.76 ki te 1.80, ā, ko te whakaataramarama he ngaro, he tino ngoikore rānei i raro i te rama uira.

Āhuatanga Matū o Gahnospinel

I te taha matū, ko te gahnospinel he waikawa konumohe e mau ana i te koniwa me te konupora me te tātai matū whānui (Mg,Zn)Al₂O₄. Nō te rōpū nui spinel, e whai ana ngā kohuke i te hanganga karaihe āhuatanga AB₂O₄ e noho ana te konupora me te koniwa ki ngā wāhi tetrahedral, ā, e noho ana te konumohe ki ngā wāhi octahedral i roto i te anga hāora kikī. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matū tautuhi o te gahnospinel ko te whakakapinga whānui i waenga i te konupora me te koniwa, e taea ai e te kohuke te hanga i tētahi raupapa wairewa totoka tonu i waenga i te spinel konupora (MgAl₂O₄) me te gahnite (ZnAl₂O₄). Kei roto i ngā tauira māori te nuinga o te wā he iti te rahi o te rino, te manganihi, te konukara, te kōpata, me ētahi atu pūmotu para, e taea ai te whakaawe i te tae me te kiato me te kore e whakarerekē i te hanganga karaihe. He pūmau te gahnospinel i te taha matū i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao noa, ā, e whakaatu ana i te ātete kaha ki te huarere me te waioratanga nā tōna anga waikawa pakari. Kāore e memeha ki te wai, ā, he pūhohe pōturi anake ki ngā waikawa kaha, nā reira ko ia tētahi o ngā kohuke ātete matū e kitea ana i ngā toka metamorphic. Nā tēnei taumata teitei o te pūmautanga matū ka taea e te gahnospinel te ora i ngā tukanga āwhenua e whakarerekē ai i ngā kohuke e karapoti ana, hei kohuke tohu nui i roto i ngā rangahau o ngā taiao metamorphic me metasomatic e nui ana te koniwa.

Ngā whakamahinga o Gahnospinel

Ahakoa he iti te hiranga arumoni o te gahnospinel nā te tokoiti, e whakamanuhuria ana i roto i ētahi mātauranga motuhake, pērā i te mātauranga kōhatu, te mātauranga kohatu utu nui, te rangahau pūtaiao, me te kohi kōhatu. I ētahi wā, ka tapahia ngā tioata pai, kua tino whakahāngai ki ngā kohatu whakapaipai, e whakanuia ana e ngā kaikohi mō te hanganga konutea nui, kaua ko te whakamahi whānui i roto i ngā whakapaipai. Nā te kore o ngā rawa kounga-kohatu, kāore e kitea nuitia te gahnospinel i te mākete kohatu whakapaipai, ā, he nui ake te kitea i ngā kohinga whare taonga me ngā kohinga kōhatu tūmataiti. I roto i te rangahau mātauranga kōhatu, he tohu kōhatu nui te gahnospinel mō ngā taiao kōhatu whakarerekē me te skarn e whai konutea ana, e āwhina ana i ngā tohunga whenua ki te whakamārama i te pēhanga, te mahana, me ngā āhuatanga matū i hanga ai ngā kōhatu whakatuarā. Ko tōna tūnga i roto i te raupapa otinga-tōtā i waenga i te spinel me te gahnite, e whai hua ana hoki mō te ako i te matū tioata, te whakakapi katote, me te whanaketanga o ngā kōhatu o te rōpū spinel. I roto i ngā taiao akoranga, ka whakamahia nuitia te gahnospinel hei tauira tohutoro mō te whakaako i te whakarōpū kōhatu, ngā hanganga tioata, me ngā whakaminenga kōhatu whakarerekē. Ahakoa kāore he whakamahinga ahumahi nui nā te iti o te wātea, ko tōna hiranga pūtaiao me tōna tokoiti ka waiho hei kōhatu nui mō te rangahau whenua me ngā kohinga kōhatu motuhake.

Pukapuka Whakamārama Kohatu

Kohatu whānau