Ko te Amethyst he momo kuarata (SiO₂) mai i te tae waireti ki te tae papura. Ko tōna tae motuhake nā te iti o te rino me te whakamaoritanga o te taiao i te wā e hanga ana te tioata. He 7 te pakeke o te Mohs, e kaha ana te Amethyst ki te mau ki ngā whakakai o ia rā, engari he māmā tonu ki te tapahi me te whakangungu. He momo kuarata papura, kua mihia te Amethyst mō ngā mano tau mō tōna ātaahua, tōna pakeke, me tōna tikanga tohu. Mai i ngā whakakai tawhito o te whare rangatira tae noa ki ngā kohinga kohatu utu nui o nāianei, kei te mau tonu a Amethyst i tōna wāhi motuhake i roto i te mātauranga kohatu me te ahurea.
Amethyst Color and Rarity
Ko te Amethyst te momo karakā ki te papura o te quartz, he kohuke e horahia whānuitia ana puta noa i te kirinuku o te whenua. Ahakoa he tino noa te quartz ake, ehara te amethyst tino pai i te mea noa. Ko te kounga tino pai e kīia ana i roto i te tauhokohoko ko te “Siberian color,” he kupu e whakaahua ana i te papura hōhonu, whai rawa, e rite ana ki ngā karepe concord, me ngā kani tuarua whero, kikorangi rānei ka kitea i raro i te rama mura. Ko ēnei kani tuarua he tohu matua mō te amethyst tino pai, ā, e kitea ana i ngā kowhatu kaha te tae anake. He uaua te kitea o tēnei āhuatanga i ngā amethyst papura māmā, papura kore kaha rānei; nā reira ka whakaarohia he momo onge, he mea hiahiatia te amethyst hōhonu te tae me ngā kani whero, kikorangi rānei.
Ko te nuinga o ngā amethyst e kitea ana i te mākete, he kākano mai i te remu māwhero pūkohu me te whiō māmā ki ngā tae māwhero-papura māmā. Inā tapatapahia kia tika, ahakoa te amethyst māmā ake, ka tino ataahua, e whakaatu ana i te kanapa me te ora o te kohatu nā te mārama.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakaputaina e Brazil he amethyst mawhero-riwai e rite ana ki te kunzite pai, ki te morganite rānei i ētahi wā. I kitea tēnei tae i ngā tekau tau kua hipa, engari i ngaro i te mākete mō ngā tau maha, nā reira i tino whai take ai tōna putanga anō ki ngā kaitapahi me ngā kaikohi. Ahakoa he uaua tonu te kitea o ngā taurite pū, kei te puta tonu ngā rauemi rite, ā, e whakanuia ana mō tōna āhuatanga ahurei.
Te Wāhi e Puta Mai Ai te Amethyst
Ko te kupu “Siberian” e tohu ana ki tētahi paerewa tae, kaua ki te wāhi keri o nāianei. Ahakoa tōna ingoa, he uaua te kite i te ametihi tino pai nō Siberia i ēnei rā. I ngā wā o mua, ko Zambia tētahi o ngā puna nui rawa atu mō te ametihi tino kounga, inarā i ngā tau 1980 me te tīmatanga o ngā tau 1990. I whakanuia te ametihi o Zambia mō tōna tae papura hōhonu, māeneene me ōna tae whero me te kikorangi kaha. Heoi, he maha ngā wā e uru ana tēnei rawa ki ngā whakaurunga nui, e hiahiatia ana he tapahi mōhio me te tango tūpato i ngā wāhanga hē. I heke kaha te mahi mai i tēnei puna i muri i te waenganui o ngā tau 1990.
Ko Parāhi te kaihanga nui rawa o te ao mō te ametiti, e mōhiotia ana mō te nui me te rahi o ngā kirikiri, kaua ki te kounga tino pai o te tae. Ko ngā pūtake nui o Parāhi ko Rio Grande do Sul, ko Bahia, ko Marabā hoki. He motuhake anō a Parāhi mō te whakaputa ametiti māwhero, te ametiti tae-rua, me ngā kōhatu waiporo mārama tino mākona, e kore e kitea i ētahi wāhi kē.
I muri i te hekenga o te whakaputanga o Zambia, ka puta ake a Uruguay hei puna nui. E mōhiotia ana te amethyst o Uruguay mō tōna hanganga tioata tino pai, te mārama teitei, me te tae kikī, he mea tino whakamīharo ki ngā kaitapahi kōhatu. Ko te kaha o te āhua o te tioata e puta ai ngā kōhatu hōhonu te tae me te kanapa tino nui.
E rongonui ana a Bolivia mō te ametrine, he tioata tūturu e rua ngā kākano e whakakotahi ana i te amethyst papura me te citrine kōura i roto i te tioata kotahi. Ahakoa ka whakaputa hoki a Bolivia i ngā kohatu amethyst anake, he māmā ake te tae i te nuinga o te wā ki te whakataurite ki ngā taonga mai i ētahi atu puna nui.
Ko Amerika ki te Raki e whakaputa ana i ngā rahinga iti o te amepiti, me ngā putunga rongonui i Thunder Bay, Kānata, me te maina Four Peaks i Arizona. Ka kitea anō ētahi putunga iti i Kororāho me Meine. Heoi, ko Marakata e whakaarohia ana e te nuinga o ngā tohunga kōhatu utu nui whai wheako hei tētahi o ngā pūtake tino pai rawa atu, e whakaputa ana i te amepiti pāpaku me te kanapa whero me te puru tuarua kaha, me te tino kaha o te whakakī tae.
Te Whakamārama i te Whakatauranga Amethyst
Ko te whakatau i te kounga o te amethyst e aro nui ana ki te tae me te mārama, kaua ki te taumaha karata, nā te mea ko ēnei āhuatanga e rua kei te whai pānga nui ki te āhua me te uara o te kōhatu.
Me pēhea te whakatau i te mārama o te Amethyst
Ko te mārama o te amethyst e whakatauhia ana mā te arotake i te noho, te rahi, me te kiteatanga o ngā whakaurunga o roto me ngā āhuatanga e tae ana ki te mata. Ko te amethyst tino kounga e kiia ana he mārama ki te kanohi, arā, kāore e kitea ngā whakaurunga e te kanohi tahanga ina tirohia te kōhatu mua-ake i raro i ngā tikanga mārama noa. Ko ngā whakaurunga noa i roto i te amethyst ko ngā tioata iti, ngā whatianga pūhā, ngā whakawehenga tae, ngā tipu kohuke rite ki te ngira rānei, he āhuatanga māori katoa ēnei o te kirika. Ko ngā kōhatu he iti ake, he iti ake hoki te kitea o ngā whakaurunga, ka wātea te whakawhiti o te mārama, ka puta ake te wheriko me te āhua pai ake. Ahakoa e whakaaetia ana ngā whakaurunga iti i roto i te amethyst, inarā i ngā kōhatu nui ake, ko ērā e kitea mārikohia ana, e whakararu i te mārama, e whakangoikore rānei i te pakari, ka whakahekehia te taumata mārama me te uara katoa o te kōhatu.
Ngā whakaurunga:
Te Papa Whakatau Ametihi
AAAA – He amethyst taumata-nui me te tae papura hōhonu, kapi hoki, me te māramatanga tino pai; kāore he kōpaki e kitea ana ki te kanohi.
AAA – Ko ngā kōhatu kounga tiketike me ngā tae papura waenga ki te pōuri me te iti o ngā whakaurunga.
AA – He papura reo me ngā whakaurunga e kitea ake ana; he ātaahua tonu engari he iti ake te kaha i ngā rēanga teitei ake.
A–B – He tae māmā, he taurite kore rānei me ngā whakaurunga kitea; he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ki ngā pūoro, ki ngā whakakai ōkawa iti iho rānei.
Ameteta: Te tikanga, te tohu, me te hirahiratanga o te kōhatu whānau
Kua whakanuia te Amethyst e ngā ahurea puta noa i te mano tau, e tino raweketia ana ehara i te mea ko ōna tae poroporo whakamīharo anake, engari hoki tōna taumaha tohu hōhonu. Mai i ngā pakiwaitara tawhito ki te oranga hou o tēnei wā, ka noho tonu tēnei kōhatu hei tētahi o ngā taonga kōrero i roto i te hītori.
Te Pūrākau o te Whakamātau
Ko te ingoa “amethyst” i takea mai i te kupu Kariki tawhito amatihi, e whakamāoritia ana ki te “kāore e haurangi.” Ko tēnei takenga kupu e whakaatu ana i te whakapono o nehe, e kī ana ko te kohatu he mana hei ārai i te haurangi, hei whakapūmau i te māramatanga o te hinengaro. Hei whakamahi i tēnei whakamarumaru, ka hanga ipa inu i te amethyst e ngā Kariki tawhito me ngā Roma tawhito, me te tūmanako ka āraina e te kohatu ngā pānga ā-tinana me ā-hinengaro o te nui o te waina.
Spiritual and Royal Heritage
I tua atu i tōna hononga ki te āta whakahaere, kua roa te amethyst e mahi ana hei waka mō te hiranga wairua me te whakamarumaru.
- Uropi o te Waenganui: Ko te kōhatu i noho hei tohu mō te mā, te ngākau māhaki, me te rangimārie o roto.
- Whakamahinga Hāhi: Nā te mea ko tōna tae pāpura i tohu i te whakapono wairua, he maha ngā wā i whakanohoia ki roto i ngā mowhiti o ngā pīhopa me ngā rohari.
- Rangatiratanga: Ko tōna tae onge—i mua ko tētahi o ngā waikano tino utu nui hei whakaputa—i waiho hei mea tino pai ki ngā kingi, hei tohu i te mana me te hononga atua.
Te Kohatu Whānautanga o Pēpuere
Ko te Ametiti e whakanuia whānuitia ana hei kōhatu whānau mana mō Hui-tanguru. I ahu mai tēnei tikanga i ngā tikanga tawhito e hono ana i ētahi kōhatu utu nui ki ngā marama o te tau, he tikanga i takea mai i ngā tuhinga whakapono, ā, i muri mai ka whakatōpūhia ki ngā maramataka kōhatu utu nui o nāianei.
I tēnei rā, ko te hoatu amethyst ki te hunga i whānau i te Pēpuere, he tohu e kore e whakawhāitihia e te ātaahua; he manaaki mō te taurite, te māramatanga, me te tipu wairua.
He Tuku Iho Mō Ake Tonu
I ngā wā hou, kāore i te memeha te hiahia ki te amethyst. Ahakoa e arohaina tonutia ana mō tōna ātaahua whakapaipai, kei te rapuhaere tonutia hei kōhatu whakairo e whakaatu ana i te maungārongo hinengaro me te whakamarumaru. Ahakoa he mea whakapaipai, he taputapu wairua rānei, ka noho tonu te amethyst hei tohu kaha mō te hinengaro mārie me te ū.