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Shattuckite

Ko te Shattuckite he kohuke parahi silika onge e mōhiotia ana mō tōna tae kahurangi ki te kōwhaiwhai, e hanga ana hei kohuke tuarua i ngā putunga parahi.
He kōrero whānui mō te kohuke Shattuckite
Tātai Matū Cu₅(SiO₃)₄(OH)₂
Rōpū Kōhuke Silicates (Inosilicates - ngā silicates mekameka)
Whakaaturanga Orthorhombic (Dipyramidal)
Te Tūturu Kupenga a = 9.89 Å, b = 19.83 Å, c = 5.38 Å, Z = 4
Te tikanga karaihe He maha ngā āhua o te whakatipu hei tioata koi, he tioata muka rānei e whakahiatotia ana ki ngā pūputu whiti, ki ngā porowhita, ki ngā āhua pōkai pōkai me te āhua papatipu.
Āhuatanga Whatu Kāore (E whakaatu ana i te ātaahua o te wehenga tae me te kiko o te hanga muka, engari kāore i te kitea ngā āhuatanga toka pēnei i te chatoyancy me te asterism).
Āwhi Tae He kōwhai mārama, kōwhai-kikorangi, kōwhai hōhonu, ki te kōwhai pōuri.
Te pakeke o Mohs 3.5 – 4.0
Te pakeke o Knoop Ko te tikanga kei te 165 - 210 kg/mm² te whānuitanga.
Rārangi Kikorangi māmā
Te Tauākī Whakaata (RI) nα = 1.752, nβ = 1.782, nγ = 1.815 (Te āwhiowhio: δ = 0.063)
Pūāhua Tirohanga Biaxial (+)
Pleochroism Kaha; X = he kikorangi tino kōmā, tata kore tae rānei, Y = he kikorangi māmā, Z = he kikorangi hōhonu.
Whakamararatanga r < v, kaha
Te Whakawhiti Wera He iti, he rite tonu ki ngā kohuke silicate, tata ki te 1.5 - 2.8 W/(m·K).
Te Whakahaere Hiko Kore (Kaiwhakawaha)
Tūāwhiora Whakauru Ko ngā pūtōpū whakauru kaha, whānui i ngā rohe karaka ki te whero (e aro ana ki te 650-800 nm) nā ngā katote konukura rua (Cu²⁺), e whakaputa ana i te tāwhana kikorangi kaha.
Whitiā Inert (Kāore e whiti ana i raro i te rama UV Poto-Ngaru me te Roa-Ngaru).
Te Taumaha Motuhake (SG) 4.11 – 4.13
Whakakā (Pōrihi) He pūhoi ki te hiraka i ngā āhua muka; he karaihe i ngā mata tioata. Ka pai, ka maene te whakakoi ina whakaranua ki te kiripaka.
Māramatanga Pūahoaho ki te pōuri
Wehenga / Whatiwhati Pai i runga i {010}, pai i runga i {100} / Kāore i te taurite ki te anga kotakota
Pakeke / Toa He kōpī; ko ngā momo papatipu kiato, ko ngā ranunga shattuckite-ki-koata rānei, ka āhua pakari.
Te Putanga Whenua He kohuke parahi tuarua i hanga i roto i ngā rohe whakapōhara o ngā putunga parahi nui, i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te panonitanga o ngā pūkoro parahi tuatahi.
Ngā whakaurunga He maha ngā wā e whakauru ana ki te quartz, malachite, chrysocolla, plancheite, dioptase rānei. He maha ngā wā e mau ana i ngā muka kohuke moroiti, i ngā kōhao wai rānei.
Te rewa Kaingia ki te waikawa Hydrochloric waikawa (HCl) mātao, ka wehe i te silica, ka waiho he toenga kiripaka mā.
Pūmau He pūmau matū i raro i ngā āhuatanga āhua o te rangi, engari ka pāngia e te whakamaroketanga roa, te panonitanga rānei e ngā wairewa taiao tino kawa.
Ngā kohuke e pā ana Koekoe, Pounamu, Kōura, Plancheite, Dioptase, Cuprite, Tenorite, me te Quartz.
Maimoatanga Tikanga He maha tonu te kore e rongoatia. Ko nga taonga lapidary ngawari, poaka ranei, ka taea te whakapumau ki nga polymers, resins, te karaihe wai ranei hei whakapiki i te pakari mo te tapahi cabochons.
He Tauira Rongonui He kākano pūrū-whēru whakamīharo mai i te maina Shattuck me te maina New Cornelia i Arizona, USA, me ngā poraka nui taumata-teitei mai i te rohe o Kunene, Namibia.
Etymology Ko te ingoa i ahu mai i tōna wāhi taketake, te Shattuck Mine i Bisbee, Arizona, USA, i kitea ai, i whakaahuahia ai e Waldemar T. Schaller i te tau 1915.
Whakarōpūtanga Strunz 9.DB.15 (Ngā Inosilicate me ngā mekameka maha e 2-wā, Cu₅(SiO₃)₄(OH)₂)
Ngā Wāhi Tūturu Ko te United States (Bisbee me Ajo, Arizona), Namibia (Kaokoveld), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga), Kariki (Laurium), me Chile.
Te iririkitanga Kāore he mea
Pāitanga Kei te nui te parahi i roto. Ko te whakaurunga o te puehu pai i hangaia i te wa e tapahi ana, e wiri ana, e kuru ana ranei, ka whakapataritari i te punaha manawa me te ara kai. Ko nga kopare puehu noa, nga tikanga tapahi mākū, me te whakahaere hau tika e taunakitia ana. He tino haumaru ki te whakahaere i te āhua o te karaihe totoka, te cabochon ranei.
Tohu & Tikanga He nui te uara o tēnei ki ngā kaikohi kōhatu mātaitai mō ōna tae kikorangi ātaahua; i roto i ngā porowhita matakite, e kīia ana he kōhatu whakawhitiwhiti hinengaro, pono, māramatanga, me te mārama o te hinengaro, ahakoa kāore he pūtaiao e tautoko ana i ēnei āhuatanga.

Ko te Shattuckite he kohuke parahi silicate onge me te tino ataahua e tino paingia ana e nga kaikohi kohuke me nga tohunga toi kohatu mo ona tae puru me te puru kōwhai. I whakarōpūtia matū hei inosilicate me te tātai Cu₅(SiO₃)₄(OH)₂, ka puta hei kohuke tuarua mā te whakarerekētanga o ngā putunga parahi o mua. I tōna āhua parakore, he iti te pakeke o Shattuckite i te 3.5 ki te 4.0 i runga i te tauine Mohs, nā reira he tino pakarukaru ana whakahiato kirikiri ngira. Heoi, ina tipu tahi noa ia ki te quartz, ka tino kaha ake tōna mauroa, ka taea ai te tapahi hei cabochon ātaahua, mātotoru. He maha ngā wā ka noho tahi ia ki ētahi atu kohuke parahi rongonui pēnei i te Malachite, Chrysocolla, me te Azurite, ka puta mai he kohatu matua tino karakara e mōhiotia ana e ngā tae puru hōhonu o Shattuckite.

Ko te hanganga o te Shattuckite he tukanga matawhenua uaua e puta ana i roto i nga rohe whakawhanaunga o nga putunga koura parahi. Ka timata i te wa e kuhu ai te wai whenua whai hāora ki roto i nga kohuke parahi sulfide tuatahi penei i te chalcopyrite, ka pakaru haere i roto i te wā matawhenua roa. I te wa e tukua ana nga katote parahi ki te wairewa, ka taunekeneke ki te silica rewa (SiO₂) me te wai (H₂O) i ahu mai i nga toka manaaki a tawhio noa. I raro i nga tikanga matū whenua tika—otira nga awhe motuhake o te pH, te pāmahana, me te kukū katote—ka whakatahi te Shattuckite mai i tenei wairewa. Engari i te hanga i nga tioata nui, pai te whakamarama, ka tipu hei whakahiato muka, hei putiputi irirangi, hei paninga pūhungahunga ranei e whakarārangi ana i nga kapiti, i nga kōhao, i nga uaua. Ko enei hanganga he maha nga wa e tipu tahi ana me etahi atu kohuke parahi tuarua, e whakaputa ana i nga whakahiato kohuke puru-ki-te-kahurangi e kitea ana i nga rohe parahi whakawhanaunga.

Ko te hītori o te Shattuckite he mea hou tonu ki te whakataurite ki ngā kōhatu utu nui o nehe, i tīmata ōkawa i te tau 1915 i te kitenga me te tautohutanga e te tohunga kōhatu o Amerika a Waldemar T. Schaller. Ko te ingoa ahurei o te kōhatu nei i ahu mai i tōna wāhi taketake, te maina Shattuck i Bisbee, Arizona, ko tētahi o ngā rohe maina parahi tino whai hua me te rongonui o te ao i te tīmatanga o te rautau 1900. Ahakoa kua roa kua mutu ngā mahi arumoni o ngā maina taketake o Arizona, kei te mau tonu te Shattuckite i te ao mā ngā putanga nui o nāianei i kitea i te Kaokoveld Plateau o Namibia me te Democratic Republic of the Congo. I ēnei rā, nā te onge, kāore e keria mō te tango parahi ahumahi; engari, e whakanuia ana anake hei tauira utu nui mā te kaikohi, he kōhatu utu nui ahurei mō ngā whakapaipai toi, me te kōhatu rongonui i te hapori metaphysical.

Ko te Hanganga Karaihe, te Tae, me ngā Āhuatanga Whatu o te Shattuckite

Ko te hanganga karaihe o Shattuckite no te pūnaha karaihe orthorhombic, inarā kei raro i te rōpū mokowā dipyramidal. I runga i te taumata moroiti, ko tōna hanganga e whakaatuhia ana e ngā mekameka o te silica tetrahedra (SiO₃) e toro atu ana ki te tuaka c poutū, e honoa tahitia ana e ngā ngota parahi e ruruku ana ki te hāora me ngā rōpū hydroxyl (OH). Nā tēnei whakaritenga o roto motuhake e kore ai e taea e Shattuckite te whakaputa i ngā tioata takitahi nui, kua tino tautuhia; engari, ka puta mai i te tirohanga whānui hei whakahiato pūkoro matotoru, hei papatipu muka, hei tioata ngira ngāwari rānei. Ko tēnei whatunga mekameka silicate ahurei e whakarato ana i te pūtake hanganga mō te pūmau tinana o te kōhuke, ahakoa ko tōna wehenga motuhake me tōna āhua tioata pākiki e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki ngā matū silica huri noa hei whakakaha i te hanganga.

Ko te tae te mea tino whakamīharo me te whakamīharo o Shattuckite, e hora ana i te tino ātaahua o ngā kikorangi. Ka puta mai i te kikorangi māeneene māeneene me te turquoise hihiko ki te kikorangi hōhonu, kikorangi kingi rānei. Ko tēnei tae kaha e puta tika ana i te nui o ngā katote konukura i roto i tōna hanganga matū, e whiriwhiri ana i ngā roangaru o te mārama. Kāore i rite ki te maha o ngā kohuke konukura e whakaatu ana i te tae ōrite, ka whakaatu a Shattuckite i te wehewehenga tae ātaahua, te kōpīpītanga rānei i roto i tētahi tauira kotahi. Ina tipu tahi me te Malachite kākāriki pōuri, te Chrysocolla kikorangi kōmā rānei, ka hanga ngā ātārangi rereke o te kikorangi me te kākāriki i te āhua whakamīharo, whakaatu maha-papanga e tino hiahiatia ana i te mākete kohatu.

Mai te tirohanga whatu, he kohuke anisotropic te Shattuckite, e tohu ana he rerekē ngā āhuatanga whatu i runga i te ahunga o te haere o te mārama i roto i te karaihe. He kaha te whakaatu i te pleochroism, he āhuatanga e huri ke ai te tae o te kōhatu—mai i te kikorangi māmā ki te kikorangi hōhonu, kaha—ina tirohia mai i ngā koki rerekē i raro i te mārama polarized. Ko te taupū whakaata o te kohuke kei te takiwā o te 1.75 ki te 1.81, ā, he pai te biaxial positive. Mō te kanapa, he rerekē te āhua o ngā tauira Shattuckite māori—mai i te kanapa māeneene, hiraka, kirikiri rānei i ngā āhua muka, ki te kanapa karaihe i ngā whakahuihui karaihe kōpaka ake. He mārama ki te pōuri te nuinga, e tuku ana i te mārama kia mau pūkoro ki ōna tapa muka, e whakanui ana i ōna hōhonutanga o te moana.

Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana me te Matū o te Shattuckite

Mātai, ko te Shattuckite he kohuke konukura waiwai me te tātai matū Cu₅(SiO₃)₄(OH)₂. Nō te akomanga inosilicate, arā, ko tōna tuakiri matū e hangaia ana i runga i ngā mekameka o ngā tetrahedra silicate. Nā te mea he nui te konukura i roto, he tairongo matū te Shattuckite ki ngā waikawa; ka memeha noa iho ki te waikawa pūhaumāota (HCl), he whakamātautau matarohia e whakamahia ana e ngā tohunga kohuke hei wehewehe i a ia i ngā kohuke kore-waikawa waro, kore-konukura rānei. He pūmau i raro i ngā āhuatanga hau noa, engari ka pakaru ki te wera nui, e pana ana i ngā rōpū hydroxyl (OH) e herea ana ki roto i tōna anga karaihe. He maha ngā wā ka kitea i roto i te āhua o te panoni matū, e huri ana, e whakakapi rānei i ētahi atu kohuke konukura, e puta ai ngā pseudomorphs whakamīharo—kei reira te Shattuckite e pupuri ana i te āhua o waho o te karaihe o tētahi kohuke rerekē kua whakakapia katoatia e ia.

I rohe tinana, he ngawari me te pakarukaru te Shattuckite ina kitea i tona ahua parakore, e tohu ana i te pakeke o Mohs e 3.5 ki te 4.0 anake. Na tenei ka tino whakaraerae ki te rakuraku me te whati, na reira me tino tiaki nga tauira mata. He taumaha motuhake mai i te 3.8 ki te 4.1, e kitea ana he matotoru me te taumaha mo te kohuke silicate na te nui o te parahi. E whakaatu ana a Shattuckite i nga huarahi e rua o te wehenga motuhake, e ngawari ai te wehe i runga i nga papa motuhake, a ka whati me te whati koretake ki te maru. Ka puta he kakano puru marama ina mirimiri ki runga i te pereti porcelain kore kara. Ahakoa ko nga papatipu ma, kiko o Shattuckite he ngawari rawa mo te whakamahi i ia ra, he maha nga wa ka whakatauhia e te taiao tenei raru ma te silicification—he tukanga e whakakiia ai te silica i nga waahi i waenga i nga kiko, e whakapakeke ana i te kohatu ki roto i te matrix kaha, nui te kiripaka e tiaki pai ana i ona ahuatanga tinana ataahua mo te hanga whakapaipai.

Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Whakamahinga o te Shattuckite

Kāore a Shattuckite i te kohuke whakangao ahumahi, nā reira ko āna whakamahinga he mea ātaahua, pūtaiao, me te kohikohi, kaua ki te tangohanga arumoni. I roto i ngā mahi pūtaiao kohuke me te rangahau matawhenua, e whakanuia ana hei kohuke parahi hāora tuarua nui e āwhina ana i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te mahere me te mārama ki ngā tukanga matū matatini e puta ana i ngā putunga parahi whaihāora. Ko tōna tae kahurangi mārama motuhake me ōna āhua pūwaiwai, kiriwhatu, e waiho ana hei tauira tino rapuhia mō ngā kohikohinga kohuke tūmataiti, ngā whare taonga hītori taiao, me ngā whakaaturanga mātauranga. I roto i te tauhokohoko kōhatu utuā me te kōhatu whakapaipai, ina whakapūmaua a Shattuckite e te kiripaka, ka tino tapahia, ka orohia hei kāpōpō, hei pirepire, ka whakairohia rānei hei taonga whakapaipai ahurei, e tino whakanuia ana ōna tae kahurangi ki te kāriki moana mō te hoahoa whakapaipai toi. I tua atu i ōna whakamahinga ā-tinana me ā-mātauranga, e whakahuahia nuitia ana a Shattuckite i roto i ngā porowhita whakapono me ngā hapori whakaora tioata; e hono hohonu ana ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te māramatanga whakarei, me te mārama o te whakaputa whakaaro, nā reira he tino kōwhiringa mō ngā kōhatu whakaaroaro, ngā mahi pūngao, me ngā mahi wairua.

Pukapuka Whakamārama Kohatu

Rārangi o ngā kōhatu utu nui katoa mai i te A ki te Z me ngā mōhiohio hōhonu mō ia kōhatu

Kohatu whānau

Tirohia atu ētahi atu kōrero mō ēnei kōhatu utu nui rongonui me ō rātou tikanga

Hapori

Honoa ki te hapori o te hunga aroha ki ngā kohatu utu nui ki te whakawhiti mātauranga, wheako, me ngā kitenga hou.