Ko te wehenga kōhatu e pā ana ki te āhua o te tioata e whati ai i ngā papa o roto e ngoikore ake ai ngā here ngota. Ko ēnei papa e hāngai ana ki te whakatakotoranga māori o ngā ngota i roto i te hanganga tioata. Ina pāngia te pēhanga ki ēnei papa, ka taea e te kōhatu te wehe mārire me te matapae, ka puta mai he mata papatahi, whakaata e mōhiotia ana ko ngā mata wehenga.
He rite ki te wehenga o te wahie i runga i tōna kākano, ko te wehenga o te kohatu utu nui e tohu ana i te āhua o ētahi tioata kia whati i runga i ngā papa hanganga motuhake. Ka puta tēnei ina kei roto i te whakatakotoranga tioata he papa ā-roto e piri tahi ana e ngā here ngota āhua ngoikore, e waiho ana hei wāhi tūpono mō te pakaru.
I raro e tino pai, ka taea e te papa wehewehe te ahua tino maeneene me te papatahi i te taumata ngota. Ko nga whati katoa i roto i te kohatu utu nui e kore e whai i enei papa ka whakarōpūtia hei whati, hei wehenga ranei.
I roto i te mātai kohatu, ko te kupu ‘cleavage’ e pā ana ki ngā rawa tioata anake. Hei tauira, ko te karaihe—he wai mātao rawa atu me ngā ngota kua whakaritea matapōkere, kaua i te hanganga auau roa—e kore e taea te whakaatu i te cleavage, nā te mea kāore ōna paparanga here ōrite.
Ko ngā Taumata Whakawhāiti i roto i te Mātauranga Kohatu
Tino pai
He tino māmā te whakaputa i te wehenga, ka puta mai he mata maeneene, rite ki te whakaata. Ahakoa he paku pānga kua tika te whakatakoto, ka taea te wewete i ēnei kōhatu.
- Taimana: Ahakoa tōna pakeke rawa, he pai te wehenga o te taimana ki ngā taha e whā, he mea nui mō ngā kaitapahi taimana, ā, he whakaraerae hoki i te wā e whakatakoto ana.
- Topaz: He āhuatanga o te wehenga taketake tino pai (whakarara ki te take o te karaihe), e waiho ana kia ngāwari te wehenga ki te whiua, ki te rerekē rānei o te pāmahana.
- Mika: He rongonui mō te wehenga taketake tino pai, e taea ai te tihorea ki ngā whārangi angiangi, ngāwari hoki.
- Calcite He paihanga rhombohedral tino pai i roto i ngā ahunga e toru, ka whati tonu ki ngā āhua porowhita, rite pouaka.
Pai
Ko te papa wehenga he māmā te whakaputa, he mārama hoki te kitea, ahakoa kāore i te tino maeneene ngā mata pērā i te wehenga "Tino Tika".
- Spodumene (Kunzite/Hiddenite): E rua ngā ahunga o te wehenga pai, he uaua te tapahi, ā, ka pakaru ngā kōhatu ki te taka.
- Feldspar (Moonstone/Amazonite): He pai ana te wehenga ki ngā ahunga e rua i ngā koki tata ki te tika.
Motuhake / Tika
Ko te wehenga e kitea ana, ā, e mārama ana ngā papa, engari kāore te kōhatu e wehe māmā pēnei i ngā kōhatu o ngā kāwai teitei ake.
- Kohatu (Titanite): Whakaatu ana i te wehenga motuhake e pā ana ki te pūmau o te kōhatu.
- Apatite: Ka kitea te wehenga, engari he uaua te wehenga noa iho.
Kore / Ngoikore
He uaua te kite i te wehenga, ā, kāore i te tino mārama ngā papa. He nui ake te tūpono o ngā kōhatu ka whati ki te whati kōpikopiko, kaua ki te raina mā.
- Beryl (Emerald/Aquamarine): He tino kore e tino pai te wehenga o raro, engari i te nuinga o te wa ka pakaru noa iho i roto i te mahi tohu kohatu.
- Peridot: He whakaatu i te wehenga tino ngoikore, kore e tino pai, he uaua te āwangawanga mō ngā kaihanga whakapaipai.
Kāore he mea
Ko ngā here ngota e tata ōrite ana ki ngā ahunga katoa, nā reira kāore te kōhuke e whati i ngā papa papatahi, engari ka pakaru mā roto i whāiti.
- Quartz (Amethyst/Citrine): Kāore e wehewehe; e whakaatu ana i te whati conchoidal, e whati ana i ngā tauira ā-pīoioi, ā-ananga, rite tonu ki te karaihe.
- Karaka: I te nuinga o te wā, e kīia ana kāore he wehenga, ka whati ki te whati whati iti ki te koretake.
- Corundum (Rūpī/Te Taimana) Kāore he wehenga pono. Ko ngā whati pāpāhua e kitea ana, he wehenga noa iho, ehara i te wehenga.
Tohutohu: Ko nga kohatu e tino maamaa ana te wehewehe, ko nga mea karekau he wehenga he tino uaua ki te wehewehe.
Te wehenga, te whati, me te wehenga
He maha ngā tāngata e whakapōhēhē ana i te wehenga ki ētahi atu momo pakarutanga o ngā kōhatu utu nui, nō reira me whakamārama atu:
- Wehenga: He wehenga mā te whai i ngā papa tūturu o te kōhatu. Ko ēnei papa e whakatauhia ana e te hanganga o roto o te kōhatu. He māmā te matapae i te wehenga, ā, he maheni tonu.
- Whāwhā: He whati i roto i te ahunga e kore e hono ki te hanganga karaihe. He koretake, he kowhatu, he kowhatu ranei te ahua o nga whati (rite anga). He maha nga wa ka kitea e te Quartz nga whati anga.
- Wehenga: I ētahi wā, ka whati ngā kōhatu utu nui i ngā wāhi ngoikore i puta mai i ngā awe o waho pērā i te takirua, ngā wāhi tipu, te taumahatanga rānei. He rite te wehenga ki te māwāwā engari he iti ake te matapae.
He mea nui te mōhio ki te rerekētanga mō te tapahi kōhatu me te hanga whakapaipai. Ka taea e ngā papa wehenga te whakaawe i te āhua o te tapahanga o te kōhatu, e pā ana ki tōna pūmau me tōna āhua whānui.
Ko te mārama ki te wehenga o ngā kōhatu whakapaipai he mea nui mō te hunga e aro ana ki ngā kōhatu whakapaipai, ahakoa he kaikohi, he kaihanga whakapaipai, he tohunga kōhatu rānei. Ka whakamārama te wehenga i te take e ngāwari ai ētahi kōhatu whakapaipai ki te pakaru i runga i ētahi papa, i te mea e kaha kaha ana ētahi. Mā te wehewehe i te wehenga mai i te whati me te wehenga, ka taea e koe te whakanui ake i te pūtaiao me te ātaahua o ngā tioata i te wā e whakahaere haumaru ana i a rātou.