Ko te pyrrhotite he kohuke whakamīharo nō te rōpū sulfide, he pūkawa konutai (iron sulfide) tōna āhua. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana e ngā mātai whenua me ngā mātai kohuke mō ōna āhuatanga tinana ahurei, inarā ko te tīwhana konganuku mai i te kōwhai-parāhe ki te whero-pākākā motuhake. Kāore i rite ki te nuinga o ngā kohuke sulfide e mau ana i te ōwehenga pūmotu tūturu me te matapae, ko te pyrrhotite e tohua ana e te iti o te konutai i roto i tōna tātā karaihe. Nā tēnei rerekētanga hanganga o roto te take o te āhuatanga rongonui rawa o te kohuke: tōna autōtanga. Ahakoa ko ētahi tauira e kaha autō ana, ko ētahi atu he ngoikore noa iho te autō, he rerekētanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakaritenga motuhake o ngā ngota me te kaha o ngā wāhi wātea i roto i tōna hanganga.
Mo te hangahanga whenua o te pyrrhotite, i te nuinga o te wa ka puta mai i roto i nga taiao wera nui, he iti te hāora engari he nui te pungatara. E tino hono ana ki ngā tukanga magmatic, e whakakikoruatia ana i te nuinga o te wā mai i te whakamatao o ngā whakarewa silicate ki te hanga i ngā pūnga kōhatu nui i te taha o ngā kohuke pēnei i te pentlandite me te chalcopyrite. I tua atu i ēnei takenga mai i te toka ahi, ka taea hoki te hanga mā te mahi hydrothermal, i reira ka huri haere ngā wai wera, whai kohuke mā roto i ngā kapiti o te kirinuku o te whenua, ka whakatakoto i ngā sulfide i a rātou e whakamatao ana. Ka kitea hoki i roto i ngā taiao metamorphic, ka puta mai i te wā e pāngia ana ngā toka parataiao e mau ana i te rino me te pungatara ki te wera me te pēhanga nui, e whakakikoruatia ai rātou ki ngā puka konganuku pumau ake.
Ko te hītori o te pyrrhotite e whakaata ana i te whakawhanaketanga whānui o te pūtaiao whenua me te keri ahumahi. Ahakoa kua tutaki pea ngā kaimahi ki tēnei kōreo whero, autō mō ngā whakatipuranga i a rātou e rapu ana i ngā konganuku utu nui ake, kāore i whakarōpūtia ōkawatia e te hapori pūtaiao tae noa ki te tīmatanga o te rautau tekau mā iwa. I te tau 1835, ko te tohunga kōhuke Tiamana a August Breithaupt te tangata i tuku i te whakaahuatanga taipitopito tuatahi o te kōhuke, ā, ka tapaina ko te pyrrhotite. I ahu mai te ingoa i te kupu Kiriki pyrrhotos, e whakamāoritia ana he whero, he tae ahi rānei, e tohu ana ki te tae āhua e mau ana te kōhuke, inarā i muri i te whakapā ki te hau, ka tīmata te pōuriuri. Mō te nuinga o ngā rautau tekau mā iwa me te rautau rua tekau, i tīrokohia hei kōhuke tuarua i ngā maina nikera me te parahi. I ngā rangi tata nei, heoi, kua noho hei arotahi nui mō ngā rangahau taiao me te pūkaha nā te āhua o tana tauhohenga ina whakapā ki te makuku me te hāora i roto i ngā horopaki ahumahi me te hangahanga.
Te hiranga o te ahumahi me te pānga o te Pyrrhotite ki ngā hanganga raima
Ko te noho mai o te pyrrhotite i roto i ngā hanganga matawhenua me ngā rawa hanga whare he mea nui ki ngā whakamahinga ahumahi me te mahi hanga tūmatanui. I ngā wā o mua, i whakamahia te pyrrhotite hei puna whanariki me te rino, ā, he maha ngā wā ka tukatukahia ki te taha o ētahi atu oka ōkawa hei tango i ngā konganuku tūturu pēnei i te nikera me te parahi. I roto i ngā tūāhua ahumahi, i whai wāhi anō ki te whakaputa waikawa pungatara. Heoi, i roto i te mahi hanga o nāianei, kua huri te arotahi ki tōna tūnga hei wāhanga raruraru i roto i ngā whakaranu hanga whare. Nā tōna āhua tauhohenga, ko te “whakamahinga” matua o nāianei o te ako i tēnei kōhatu he whakaiti i te tūponotanga me te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga whakamātau motuhake hei whakapūmau i te roa o te ora o ngā kaupapa hanganga nui.
Ko te wero tino nui e pā ana ki te pyrrhotite ka puta ina whakamahia ākakiro i roto i ngā turanga raima. Ina kōkurua te kōhatu e mau ana i te pyrrhotite, ka whakamahia hei whakaranu i ngā rawa hanga whare, ka tīmata he mahi whakakino e kīia nei ko te pānga o te raima. Ka pā te mākū me te hāora ki te turanga, ka huri te kohuke i roto i te hātepe matū, ka puta he pākawa tuarua. Ka kino rawa tēnei tukanga nā te mea he nui ake te rahi o ēnei kohuke hou i te pyrrhotite taketake. I a rātou e toro haere ana i roto i te raima mārō, ka whakaputaina he pēhanga nui o roto, e hua ai te puku o te hanganga me te pāhā whakamōrearea.
Ko te mōhio ki ngā tohu o te pyrrhotite i roto i te tūāpapa he mea nui mō te wawao wawe me te aromatawai i te hanganga. Ka tirohia e ngā kaipupuri whare me ngā mīhini pūkaha he tauira ngāwhā whāinga whenua motuhake, e puta ana hei whare ōpaki o ngā kapiti honohono i te mata o te raima. Ka roa te wā, ka whānui aua kapiti, ā, ka puta anō he matū mā, paura pūma, e kīia nei ko te efflorescence, i te rere haere o ngā kohuke i te hanganga. I ngā wāhanga matomato, ka puta te tūāpapa i te pupuhi nui, te nekehanga rānei, e whakakake ana i te pūmautanga o te whare katoa. Nā ēnei tūraru, ka whakamahia ngā tohunga e pā ana ki te whenua me ngā tohunga pūkaha whenua kia tātarihia ngā puna keri, kia kore ai tēnei kohuke whakapārae rino e whakakake i te haumaru o ngā whare noho me te whare hokohoko.
Te Take e Pakaru Ai te Turanga Whare i te Pyrrhotite
Ko te whakangaromanga ehara i te take i tētahi kaupapa kotahi, engari he tauhohenga matū pōturi, kore e mutu e puta ana i roto i te raima ake.
- Te noho mai o ngā whakapākoko kohuke: Ka uru pokanoa te Pyrrhotite ki te ranunga raima i te wā e tikina ana te whakaranu kōwhatu mai i ngā keri e mau ana i ngā kohuke pūkawa.
- Te Whakakōkiri Whakaora: Ina pā te raima e mau ana te pyrrhotite ki te makuku me te hāora—ahakoa te iti i te oneone, i te hau makuku rānei—ka tīmata he tauhohenga matū.
- Te Whakaputanga o ngā Kōhuke Tuarua: Ka pirau te pyrrhotite, ka pakaru, ā, ka tauhohe ki te konupūmā waiwai i roto i te whakapiri sima. Nā tēnei ka puta mai ngā kōhuke tuarua, ko te nuinga ko te ettringite tuarua me te thaumasite.
- Whakawhānuitanga ā-roto: Ēnei kohuke hou ka noho ki te mokowā tinana nui ake atu i te pyrrhotite taketake. I a rātou e tipu ana, ka hangaia e rātou te pēhanga nui ā-roto i roto i te raima.
- Ko te Pānga Pūngāwerewere: Nā te mea he kaha te raima i raro i te pēhitanga engari he ngoikore i raro i te tāwhanawhana, kāore e taea e ia te tū atu ki tēnei pupūtanga o roto. Ka tīmata ki te ngāwhati mai i roto ki waho, ka puta mārire hei ngā whati mahere (he tauira pūngāwerewere) hei ngā āputa whakapae rānei e whānui haere ana i roto i ngā tekau tau maha.
Ngā Rautaki Ārai me Whakaiti
Ki te puta te pyrrhotite i te turanga ka timata ki te tauhohe, kāore anō kia kitea he rongoā matū hei aukati i taua mahi. Ko te ārai me te whakahaere anake ngā ara e taea ana. Ko te ārai tino whaihua ka puta i te taumata kerikeri mā te whakamātautau ā-whenua kaha me te whai rawa. Me whakamātauria ngā kerikeri mō te ihirangi sulfide i mua i te whakamahi i ā rātou kōhatu hei raima whare noho, ā, he maha ngā rohe kua whakatinana ināianei i ngā taepa whakawhiti tino u ki te ōrau o te pyrrhotite e whakaaetia ana i roto i te whakaranu hei whakarite i te tūturu mō te wā roa. Mō ngā hanganga e tū ana, ko te whakahaere whakamākū tētahi rautaki tino nui hei whakaroa i te tere o te pākūhā. I te mea e hiahia te tauhohenga matū ki te wai kia haere, he mea nui kia maroke te turanga. Ka taea tēnei mā te pupuri i ngā pūnaha whakaheke wai e tika ana, pērā i te whakarite kia ārahi ngā awaawa, ngā paiha iho, me te whakatikatika whenua i te wai kia matara atu i te turanga. Hei taapiri, mā te whakamahi i te whakamimiti haukū hei pupuri i ngā taumata haukū iti i roto i ngā runga whare ka whakaiti i te whakawhitiwhiti hāora me te whakamākū i roto i ngā pōre raima, ka taea te whakaroa i te tīmatanga o te ngāwha kino. Heoi, ki te kitea he kino pyrrhotite nui te turanga, ko te otinga pūmau anake ko te whakakapi katoa o te turanga. He mahi hangarau uaua tēnei e whai wāhi ana ki te whakarawa i te whare katoa ki runga i ngā kōkō waipēhi kia tū pūmau. Kātahi ka taraia e ngā kaimahi te turanga poke o mua, ka ringihia he turanga hou mā te whakamahi i te whakaranu pyrrhotite-kore kua whakamana. Ahakoa he mahi tino kuhu me te utu nui tēnei, koinei anake te huarahi hei whakaora i te tōtika hanganga o te whare kua pāngia e tēnei kōhuke.