Ko Onyx tēnei ko tētahi o ngā mahi toi tino ātaahua a te taiao. He momo chalcedony rongonui, he pūngao moroiti o te kiripaka i hanga mai i te silicon dioxide. Ahakoa te maha o ngā kōhatu utu nui e whakanuia ana mō te kanapa kōpeka, ko te onyx e whakanuia ana mō tōna hanganga ā-whare ōkawa; i ngā wā o mua, ko te onyx "tūturu" e mōhiotia ana mō ōna kāwai pango me te mā e whakarara ana. Ko ēnei paparanga tōtika, rite ki te rīpene, te tohu matū o te kōhatu, e whakaatu ana i te rerekētanga kanohi koi e wehewehe ai i te onyx i ōna whanaunga tata, te agate, e whai ana i ngā āwhiowhio porowhita, ānau. I hanga i roto i ngā tau eke ki roto i ngā kōhao hau o te toka puia, ko ēnei kāwai he hua o te whakahekenga silica ā-manawatia, i reira ngā rerekētanga iti o ngā parakore kohuke i te wā o te whakapūmau kiripaka e "peita" ai i ngā panoni tae motuhake. Nā tēnei hanganga paparanga ahurei i noho ai te onyx hei kānawehi matua mō ngā tohunga mahi kōhatu puta noa i te hītori, inarā i te hanga cameos me ngā intaglios, i reira ngā kaiwhakairo e whakamahi ana i te hōhonutanga rerekē hei whakaora i ngā whika ā-toru-ahu. Ahakoa i tōna āhua kāwai māori, i tōna āhua pango māhorahora hou, ka noho tonu te onyx hei tohu o te ātaahua pūtake me te tika ā-hanganga i te ao kōhatu utu nui.
Ko te Onyx he momo Agate rānei? Te Whakamārama i te Hononga
Ko te Onyx me te agate he tuakana he teina i te ao kohuke, no te whānau chalcedony, he momo quartz microcrystalline i hanga mai i te silicon dioxide . Ahakoa he rite te DNA matū me te kiko matotoru, ware, ka wehewehea e te hoahoanga o roto.
Ko te rerekētanga matua kei roto i te āhuahanga o te whakanikoniko o te kāhui.
Onyx:Ko te āhua o ngā rārangi tōtika, whakarara e rite ana ki ngā rīpene kua whakapae pai.
Agate: E mōhiotia ana mō ngā rōpū ā-pīoioi, ā-kikī, ā-whakahāngai rānei e whai ana i ngā āhua porotaka o ngā kōhao puia i puta ai rātou.
I te taha hangarau, he momo momo chalcedony whai rārangi ēnei kōhatu e rua. Heoi, i roto i te reo tika o te mātai kōhatu, ehara te onyx i te momo-iti o te agate. He mea tino pai te whakaahua he whanaunga tata. Ko te āhua o te onyx he rārangi tōtika, nā reira i mua ko te kōwhiringa matua mō te whakairo cameo, nā te mea i taea e ngā kaitoi te tapahi i tētahi whika ki runga i tētahi paparanga tae papatahi, e tū ana ki te paparanga papamuri rerekē.
Ngā Momo Onyx: Te Tūhura i Ngā Momo Rerekē
True Onyx: Te Kohatu Pango me te Mā
Ko te onyx pono e tohu ana ki te āhua tino rongonui o te kōhatu, e whakaatu ana i ngā rārangi pango me te mā e tino whakarārangi ana. Nā tēnei rerekētanga tino mārama i noho ai hei rawa matua mō te tuhituhi tawhito, inarā mō te whakairo cameo me te intaglio. Mā te whakahaere mātau i ngā paparanga papatahi, ka taea e ngā tohunga whakairo te whakairo i tētahi whakapakoko mā i runga i te papamuri pango hōhonu. Ko tōna ingoa kē, ko te onyx Arapi, e whakaata ana i ōna ara hokohoko o mua me ngā tauira tino kounga e kitea ana i te Pene Arapia.
Sardonyx: Te Momo Tae
Ko te Sardonyx he momo kanapa e whakaatu ana i ngā paparanga whero-parauri, e mōhiotia ana ko te sard, kua honoa ki ngā rōpū mā māhorahora. I tino whakanuia tēnei rawa i Rōma tawhito, ko te kōhatu i pai ai mō ngā hīra me ngā mōwhiti whakairo i te mea kāore te ware wera e piri ki tōna mata maeneene. I tua atu i tana whakamahinga mahi, e hono ana te sardonyx ki ngā tikanga whānau o Hūrae, ā, he maha ngā wā i mau ai e ngā hōia Rōma hei amulet mō te māia.
Ko Nicolo Onyx: Te Rerekētanga Kikorangi
Ko Nicolo onyx he momo motuhake e mau ana i te paparanga o runga pango, parauri pouri ranei, he tino angiangi, i runga i te turanga marama, he kōmā, he mā ranei. Ina tapahia te paparanga o runga kia tino angiangi, ka puta he āhuatanga kitea e puta ai te kōwhaiwhai o te kōhatu nā te tukunga o te mārama i roto i ngā paparanga. Ko tēnei pānga kōwhaiwhai auahi, mākūkū, i tino rongonui i ngā whakairo cameo tawhito i te wā Renaissance me te wā Victorian, nā te mea i tāpiri i te āhua ngāwari, wairua hoki ki te mahi oti.
Black Onyx: Te Ahua Tino Rongonui
Ko te onika pango mārō te momo tino whai tikanga ā-arumoni i te mākete kōhatu utu nui o nāianei. Ahakoa he uaua te kitea o te kāretiōni pango māori, ko te nuinga o ngā kōhatu e wātea ana i ēnei rā ka whiwhi i tō rātou tae pango ōrite, pango hāpiapōuri mā te tukanga tae pūmau kua mahia mai i ngā wā o Roma. Ko tēnei maimoatanga e whakarei ake ana i te pūare o te kōhatu hei hanga i tētahi āhua maeneene, ōrite. Nā tōna utu iti me tōna kanapa hōhonu, whakaataata, ka noho hei taonga matua i roto i te hoahoa whakapaipai o nāianei.
Kei Wāhi Kitea ai ngā Kōhatu Onyx?
- Te Tai Tokerau:Te Hononga o Amerika, Kānata
- Amerika ki te Tonga:Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
- Ūropi: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Scotland (United Kingdom)
- Āhia: Haina, Inia, Initonīhia, Īmena
- Āwherika:Madagascar
- Oceania:Ahitereiria
- Eurasia:Rūhia
Ngā Hapa o te Onyx: Te Karo i te Rangirua Tūturu
Mexican Onyx – He tino kōwhatu kōwhai, ehara i te Quartz
Ko te onyx Mehiko tētahi o ngā ingoa hē e kitea nuitia ana i te ao whakarākei me te hoahoa ā-roto. Ahakoa tōna ingoa, he momo kāreti kua whakatakotoranga, he aragonite rānei tēnei rauemi. Kāore i rite ki te onyx pono e ahu mai ana i te silica, e 7 te pakeke i te tauine Mohs, he kōnuka konupūmā te onyx Mehiko, ā, he nui ake te ngāwari, e 3 te nuinga o te wā. Ka whakamahia nuitia mō ngā oko whakairo, ngā rama, me ngā pūtoi whakapaipai nā te mea he māmā ake te hanga, engari kāore i te rite te pakeke me te hanganga kirikiri o te onyx pono.
Kohatu Onyx – Kohatu Whakapaipai, Ehara i te Chalcedony
Ko te māpere onika he kupu anō e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i te momo kōwhatu kōpura, mārama hoki. Ahakoa e whakanuia ana hei rawa whakapaipai whare mō ngā papa tūpuni me ngā uhi pakitara nā ōna paparanga ataahua, ehara i te kāretiōnia. Mai i te tirohanga ā-āhuwhenua, he kōwhatu parataiao te māpere onika i hanga mai i ngā putunga tōtō i roto i ngā ana, i ngā puna mātao rānei. He ōrite te matū ki te māpere me te kāratīte, nā reira ka pāngia e te waikawa, ka mākūkū hoki, he tino rerekē tēnei i te āhua o te onika kōwhatu pounamu pūmau, e kore e pāngia e te waikawa.
Obsidian – Te Karaihe Puia, Ehara i te Onika
Nā te mea he pango hōhonu, ōrite te tae o te obsidian, ka rangirua ētahi, ka hokona rānei hei onyx pango. Heoi, he karaehe puia māori te obsidian i hanga i te whakamātao tere o te rangitoto e whai kiko ana i te kirikiri. Nā te tere o te whakamātao, kāore he hanganga tioata, engari he tioata moroiti te onyx. He pakupaku anō te obsidian, ā, he āhua anō tōna pakarutanga (pēnei i te anga), he rerekē i te āhua o te pakarutanga o te onyx.
Ko te Wehewehenga Tino: Ko te Onyx Pono He Momo Quartz Tonu
Hei kia kore e rangirua, he mea nui kia maumahara ko te onyx pono he mema no te whānau chalcedony. Ko ōna āhuatanga matua ko te hanganga silicon dioxide me tōna tipu microcrystalline motuhake. Mēnā ka taea e te maripi maitai te wero i tētahi kōhatu, ka tauhohe rānei ki te winika, he kōhatu kāwaro e hē ana te ingoa pērā i te onyx Mexico, te onyx māpere rānei, kaua ko te kōhatu tūturu.
Kei he kōhatu Onyx waihanga?
Ahakoa kāore he tino kohatu onyx kiripaka waihanga i whakatipuhia i roto i ngā whare taiwhanga nā te nui o te utu o te whakahiatotanga ki te nui o te taonga māori, kua kī te mākete i ngā momo tārua me ngā whakakapi. Ko ēnei mai i te karaihe me te kirihou—ka taea te tautuhi mā te ngāwari, ngā mirumiru hau, te mahana rānei ki te pā—ki ētahi atu whakakapi whakapono pērā i te agate tae, koinei te maimoatanga e whakaaetia ana e te ahumahi hei whakatutuki i te tae pango ōrite. Ko ētahi atu kohatu māori, pērā i te spinel pango, ka whakamahia hoki hei whakakapi kounga teitei nā te kaha o te pakeke me te kanapa, ahakoa kāore ō rātou ngā rārangi whakarara waitohu o te onyx pono. Nā te nui o ēnei tārua, he mea nui te hoko mai i ngā kaihoko whakapono kia pono ai te tūturu me te whiwhi whākitanga tika mō ngā maimoatanga.
Ka whiwhi nga Kohatu Onyx i nga Whakapaipai Kohatu?
I rohe pounamu, ko ngā whakapaipai whakapaipai mō te onyx ehara i te mea noa—he tikanga noa. Nā te mea he tino uaua te kitea o te chalcedony pango māori i te taiao, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te wawaotanga a te tangata kia tutuki ai ngā tae hōhonu, ōrite e tūmanakohia ana e ngā kaihoko. Ko ēnei whakapaipai he mea hoahoa hei whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o te tae me te ātaahua o te titiro, ahakoa ko ngā paerewa hokohoko matatika e hiahia ana kia whakapuakina ēnei tukanga ki ngā kaihoko pea.
Ko ngā tikanga whakarei ake e whai ake nei:
- Te tae ki te whakakaha i te tae pango: Koinei te tikanga tino whakamahia hei hanga i te āhua rongonui o te “waenganui pō” o te onika pango arumoni. Nā te mea he poka noa te kākariki, ka ngāwari te whakauru i ngā tae e whakaki ana i te kōhatu ki te tae hōhonu, pūmau tonu.
- Maimoatanga huka-waikawa: Ko tēnei tikanga tawhito, mai i ngā wā o Roma, ko te whakauru i te kōhatu ki roto i te wai huka kaha, kātahi ka kōhua ki te waikawa pungatara. Ka whakapungatohia e te waikawa te huka kua mau ki roto i ngā kōhao moroiti o te kiripaka, ka waiho he toenga waro pango tino kaha, pūmau hoki.
- Ngā maimoatanga wera: Ka whakamahia te whakamahana whakahaere ki ngā momo pēnei i te sardonyx hei whakamārama i ngā paparanga whero-parauri, hei whakapūmau rānei i ngā whakawhitinga tae i waenga i ngā rōpū whakarara. Ka whai tēnei tukanga i te wera matawhenua māori e hanga ana i ngā kohatu utu nui, engari i runga i te tere whakatere, i te tere a te tangata.
Ahakoa ka puta mai i ēnei maimoatanga he kōhatu pakari ake, ātaahua hoki mō ngā whakapaipai, ka huri te rauemi mai i tōna āhua mata, he hina, he mārama rānei, ki te “onyx pango” e kitea ana i ngā toa hokohoko.
Me pēhea te tiaki i ngā kōhatu Onyx
Nā te mea he maha ngā kōhatu onika e whakahaerehia ana ki te whakapai i te tae, he mea nui te whai i ngā tikanga tiaki motuhake hei pupuri i te āhua. Ko te tikanga horoi tino haumaru ko te whakamahi i te paraihe ngāwari, te horoi māmā, me te wai mahana. He mea nui te karo i ngā pūnaha horoi ultrasonic, miihini rānei, nā te mea ka taea e ēnei tikanga wiri te whakapāpā i te kōhatu, i tōna mata tāwhai rānei.
Me whakaaro nui ki ngā taonga tawhito me ngā taonga onamata; ahakoa ko ngā whakapaipai tawhito kua pāngia e ngā mahi whakaora o mua, e tino pāpā ana ki ngā tikanga horoi hou. Hei tiaki i te kanapa o te kōhatu, karo i te whakapā roa ki te rā kaha, tika, e puta ai te memeha o ngā tae i pania i roto i te wā. Hei whakakapinga, nā te mea he momo kiripaka te onika, me wehewehe atu i ngā kōhatu uaua pēnei i te taimana, te hapira rānei, kia kore ai e whakapāpā te mata. Mō ngā tohutohu tiaki taipitopito ake, tirohia pea ki tētahi tohunga. He aratohi horoi whakapaipai kohatu.