Ko te Friedelite he kohuke silicat manganese e tino kitea ana i roto i te roopu humite. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō tōna tae hōhonu māwhero ki te whero, me tōna hononga pūmau ki ngā taiao whakarerekē e nui ana te manganese. Ahakoa ka kitea i ētahi wā i roto i ngā kohinga kohatu utu nui, ko te nuinga o te wā e whakahuatia ana te Friedelite mō tōna hiranga kohuke, kaua mō te whakamahinga arumoni whānui.
Tuhia：I te tau o mua i hono ki te roopu humite, engari i tenei wa ko te ingoa o te roopu Friedelite.
I whakaāhiatia te kohuke nei i te tau 1876, ā, i whakaingoatia hei whakahōnore i a Charles Friedel, he tohunga matū me te tohunga kohuke Wīwī e mōhiotia ana mō āna takoha ki te tikanga whakatakotoranga kirikiri me te matū waro. Mai i tana kitenga, kua noho tonu te friedelite hei kohuke e arohia ana e te hunga rangahau, e ngā kaikohi, me te hunga e ako ana i ngā pūnaha whenua kei roto te konupora.
Te Hanganga Matū me te Whakarōpūtanga Minerā
Ko te friedelite, i runga i te matū, he pākākā konupora silika kua waihāngai, me te tātai whakamātautau e tika ana ko Mn₈Si₆O₁₅(OH)₁₀. I roto i ngā tauira māori, ka whakakapia te konupora e te rino, te konupora, te konutea rānei i ētahi wā. Ko ēnei whakakapinga ka puta ētahi rerekētanga iti i roto i te hanganga matū, ā, ka whai pānga pea ki te kaha o te tae me te pūtoi, ahakoa kāore e whakarerekētia rawatia te hanganga taketake o te kōhuke.
Ko Friedelite he mema o te rōpū humite, he whānau o ngā kohuke nesosilicate e whakaatuhia ana e ngā paparanga takirua o ngā tetrahedra silicate me ngā papa octahedral e mau ana i te hauwai. Ko ētahi atu kohuke i roto i tēnei rōpū ko te humite, te clinohumite, me te norbergite. Ko te mea e wehewehe ana i a friedelite i roto i tēnei rōpū ko tōna nui o te konupūmā, he mea nui ki tōna whakairoiro me tōna putanga ā-whenua.
Hanganga Karaihe me Ngā Āhuatanga Tinana
Ko te friedelite e whakatōpū ana i roto i te pūnaha karaihe takitoru, ahakoa he uaua te kite i ngā tioata takitahi e tino pai ana te hanga. Ko te nuinga o ngā tauira ka puta hei papatipu kirikiri, hei whakahiato kakano, hei whakahiato paparanga rānei, hei kiri hautāngata rānei e uru tahi ana me ētahi atu kohuke e whai ana i te konupora. Ko te āhua paparanga o tōna hanganga karaihe e hua ai te friedelite hei āhua whārua, hei āhua mika iti rānei, inarā i ngā momo kakano.
Ko te āhuatanga tino motuhake o te friedelite ko tōna tae, i te nuinga o te wā mai i te māwhero hōhonu ki te māwhero whero me te whero parauri, me te kōwhai whero i ētahi wā. Ko tēnei kōwhaiwhai ka puta mai i ngā katote manganihi i roto i te whata tioata. Ko te friedelite i te nuinga o te wā he pūataata ki te pūataata kore, ā, he rerekē te kanapa mai i te karaehe ki te hiraka, ina koa ki ngā mata muka.
I runga i te pae Mohs, he pakeke te friedelite i te 4.5 ki te 5, e whakanoho ana ki waenga i ngā kōhatu ngohengohe noa. Ko tōna taumaha motuhake i te nuinga o te wā e 3.1 ki te 3.3. Nā ēnei āhuatanga tinana, kāore e tika ana te friedelite mō te nuinga o ngā whakapaipai, inarā he mea nui te pūmau.
Te Hanganga Whenua me te Taiao
Pūtake Panonitanga
Ko te Friedelite te nuinga o te wā ka puta i roto i ngā taiao pāhekoheko e whai konupora nui ana, ina koa i ngā wāhi e kua pāhekoheko ā-rohe, ā-whakapā rānei ngā pūtunga parataiao konupora. Ko tōna hanganga e hiahia ana i ngā pāmahana reo ki te tiketike, ngā wairewa tioata-nui, me te noho mai o ngā wāhanga e mau ana i te hauwai-hāora. I raro i ēnei āhuatanga, ka tupu te Friedelite hei wāhanga o ngā whakahuihui kohuke matatini i roto i ngā kōreo konupora kua pāhekoheko.
Ngā kohuke e pā ana
Ko te Friedelite e kitea ngātahi ana me ētahi atu pūkawa manganese me ngā waikura, tae atu ki te rhodonite, pyroxmangite, spessartine garnet, hausmannite, tephroite, me te quartz. Ko ēnei hononga e whakaatu ana i te friedelite hei tohu kohuke whai hua mō te whakamārama i te paragenesis me te hītori whakaputa whenua o ngā putunga manganese.
Te Putanga me te Tohatoha ā-Ao
Ngā Rohe Nui
Ko Friedelite e kiia ana he onge onge ā-āhuwhenua, ko ngā putanga kua tuhia pai e herea ana ki ētahi rohe motuhake. Ko ētahi wāhi rongonui ko France, nāna nei i whakaputa ngā tauira wāhi momo matarohia, me Sweden me Italy i ngā rohe whānuikanga manganihi. Kua pūrongotia ētahi atu putanga ki te United States, otirā ki New Jersey me ētahi wāhanga o ngā kāwana ki te uru, ā, ki Japan i roto i ngā tinana kōreko manganihi matatini.
Ko ngā wāhi tino rongonui, e mōhiotia ana e te ao, ko ngā maina o Franklin me Sterling Hill i New Jersey. E whakanuia ana ēnei wāhi puta noa i te ao mō te whakaputa i ngā tauira tino kounga rawa, tae atu ki ngā rawa mārama, onge, e tino pai ana hei kohatu whakapaipai. I ēnei wāhi, ka kitea te Friedelite e whakaatu ana i te tino kaha o te kara, ā, e tino hiahiatia ana e ngā kaikohi o te huinga kōhatu motuhake o Franklin.
Ko ngā tauira mai i ngā rohe rerekē, ka rerekē pea te kaha o te tae, te kakano, me ngā huinga kohuke e pā ana, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga whenua o te rohe.
Friedelite i te Kohi Kōhuke
Ahakoa kāore e whakamahia nuitia te friedelite hei kohatu whakapaipai, he whai tikanga tonu ki waenga i ngā kaikohi kohuke pūnahanaha me ngā kohinga whare taonga. Ko ngā tauira e whakaatu ana i te tae kaha, i te āhua muka whanake pai, i ngā hononga mārama rānei ki ētahi atu kohuke konupango, e uaratia ana mō ngā take mātauranga me te rangahau.
Nā tōna pakeke āhua me te hāngai ki te whati, he mea uaua te whakapaipai i te friedelite. Ina tapahia, he mea hanga ki ngā cabochon, ki ngā wāhanga orotika rānei hei whakaatu, kaua hei whakapaipai arumoni.
Te wehewehe i a Friedelite mai i ngā kohuke ōrite
Ko te Friedelite he raranga ki ētahi atu kohuke konupora māwhero, whero rānei, inarā te rhodonite, te rhodocrosite, me te pyroxmangite. He mārō ake te rhodonite i te nuinga o te wā, ā, he maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i te pounamu pango o te waikura konupora, ko te rhodocrosite he kohuke waro e mārama ana te wehenga me ngā āhua māwhero māmā ake. He ōrite te hanganga matū o te pyroxmangite engari he rerekē te hanganga tioata me te whanonga wehenga.
Ko te tautuhi tika o te friedelite me whai i te nuinga o te wā i ngā tikanga tātari pēnei i te X-ray diffraction, te electron microprobe analysis rānei, ina koa ka puta i roto i ngā huihuinga kōhuke matatini.
He mōrearea a Friedelite?
Ahakoa ehara a friedelite i te tino onge o ngā kohuke e mōhiotia ana, e kiia ana he onge i te taha matawhenua. Ko tōna hanganga me whai i tētahi huinga motuhake o te kukū nui o te konupora, te wātea o te silica, me ngā āhuatanga whakawhiti tika, e whāiti ana i tōna tohatoha i te ao. Nā reira, he uaua noa iho ngā tauira tino kounga, ā, he nui ake te kitea i roto i ngā kohikohinga whare taonga, whare wānanga rānei, kaua i te mākete kohuke tūwhera.
Tohutohu Tautuhi Matū: > Ko tētahi whakamātautau tikanga me te whai hua mō te tautohu i te Friedelite mai i ētahi atu silicates, ko tōna tauhohenga ki ngā waikawa. Kāore i rite ki te maha o ngā kōhuke āhua rite, ko te Friedelite ka whakapene i roto i te waikawa pūkōwhai (HCl). Ko tēnei āhuatanga “whakamātautau rea” he tikanga matū tawhito hei tautohu i ētahi kohuke kirikiri paparua, ā, ka āwhina ki te whakau i te tuakiri o tētahi tauira ina kāore i te rawaka te tirohanga kanohi.